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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第2期10卷 303-305页

作者： FruF.AngwafoIII samuel takongmo Donald Griffith Department of Surgery Faculty of-Medicine and Biomedical-SciencesThe University of Yaounde ICameroon Department of Urology Baylor UniversityHoustonTexasUSA

AIM:Gallstone disease is increasing in sub-saharan Africa (SSA).In the west, the majority of stones can be dissolved with bile salts,since the major component is *** medical therapy is expensive and not readily accessible to poor populations of *** was therefore necessary to analyze the chemical composition of biliary stones in a group of patients,so as to make the case for introducing bile salt therapy in ***: All patients with symptomatic gallstones were recruited in the study. All stones removed during cholecystectomy were sent to Houston for x-ray diffraction *** on age, sex, serum cholesterol,and thepercentage by weight of cholesterol, calcium carbonate, and amorphous material in each stone was entered into a preestablished proforma. Frequencies of the major components of the stones were ***:Sixteen women and ten men aged between 27 and 73 (mean 44.9) years provided stones for the *** majority of patients (65.38%) had stones with less than 25% of *** material made up more than 50% and 100% of stones from 16 (61.53%) and 9 (34.61%) patients ***:Cholesterol is present in small amounts in a minority of gallstones in Yaounde. Dissolution of gallstones with bile salts is unlikely to be successful.

关键词： Adult Aged Bile Acids and Salts Calcium Carbonate Cameroon Cholesterol Cross-Sectional Studies Female Gallstones Humans Male Middle Aged Pilot Projects Prevalence

Tumor Obstructive Hydrocephalus Treated with Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2015年第3期5卷 93-99页

作者： Aurélien Ndoumbé Mathieu Motah samuel takongmo Faculty of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Neurosurgeon Service of Surgery General Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I CHU of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

The goal of this work was to report on a series of preoperative endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) performed for obstructive hydrocephalus due to posterior fossa tumors. Eight patients underwent preoperative ETV prior to tumor biopsy or removal for obstructive hydrocephalus related to posterior fossa tumors. All patients underwent surgery in two steps;ETV followed a week later by tumor resection. Clinical, radiological and outcome data were retrospectively reviewed. Eight patients (6 males, 2 females) aged between 8 and 45 years (mean age 24.62 years) suffering from obstructive hydrocephalus due to posterior fossa tumors had ETV prior to tumor removal or biopsy. Five patients were adults while 3 were under 18 years. All patients complained of headaches, seven presented with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure or visual disturbances and four had vomiting or cerebellar disturbance. Computed tomography scan was done in all patients and magnetic resonance imaging in five. Complete tumor removal was achieved in 4 cases and partial removal or biopsy in the remaining 4. ETV was successful in 7 (87.50%) cases but failed in one. Two patients experienced intraoperative transitory bradycardia. Two postoperative complications occurred (one meningitis and one CSF leak). No death related to procedures occurred. The histological diagnosis were as follows: ependymoma (3), medulloblastoma (3), astrocytoma grade II (1) and pineoblastoma (1). Hospital stay ranged from 9 to 21 days (mean, 12.71 days). Follow up range was 4 months to 78.4 months (0.33 to 6.53 years;mean, 46.11 months (3.84 years);median, 41.2 months (3.43 years).

关键词： Tumor Hydrocephalus Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Cameroon

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy for Non-Tumor Obstructive Hydrocephalus in Children under Two Years of Age

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2015年第3期5卷 100-105页

The goal of this work is to report on the efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for non-tumor obstructive hydrocephalus in children aged two years and below. In the period between June 2007 and December 2014, we had performed ETV in 30 patients with hydrocephalus from diverse etiologies. Among them were eight children aged two years or below. Clinical, radiological and outcome data of these children were retrospectively reviewed to assess ETV efficiency in this age group. Eight children (6 boys, 2 girls) with age range from 6 to 24 months (mean 12.5 months, median 15 months) suffering from non-tumor obstructive hydrocephalus underwent ETV as primary treatment. Seven patients (87.5%) were under two years and 3 had less than one year of age at the time of surgery. Macro crania, suture diastasis, scalp vein bulging and sunset gaze were the most common findings on physical examination. Computed tomography scanning was done in all patients but none had magnetic resonance imaging. Hydrocephalus was due to primary (congenital) aqueductal stenosis in all cases and was associated with myelomeningocele in one. ETV was successful in 7 (87.50%) cases but failed in one. Operation time varied from 28 to 35 minutes (mean 31.12 minutes, median 31.5 minutes). No intraoperative complication occurred. The child in whom ETV failed had postoperative CSF leak. No death related to procedure occurred. Hospital stay ranged from 2 to 4 days (mean, 2.87 days, median, 3 days). Follow up range was 5.5 to 86 months (0.46 to 7.16 years);mean, 59.14 months (4.92 years);median, 45.75 months (3.81 years).

关键词： Non-Tumor Obstructive Hydrocephalus Aqueductal Stenosis Children under Two Years Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Cameroon

An Intragaleal Frontal Dermoid Cyst: A Location Never Reported

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2014年第3期4卷 121-125页

作者： Aurélien Ndoumbe Blaise Nkegoum Mathieu Motah samuel takongmo Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Service of Surgery Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon

All dermoid cysts arising at the cranial vault had been reported as being located subgaleally, i.e. under the galea aponeurotica or epicranium. We are presenting a case that we believe to be the first case of an intragaleal dermoid cyst ever reported. An eighteen years old girl presented at our consultation for a midline frontal swelling evolving since 2 years. Neurological examination was normal. The Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed a round shaped heterogeneous mass at the vertex with no intracranial extension. The lesion was excised surgically. It appeared to be located intragaleally (within the epicranium) and composed of hairs and liquefied fat evocative of a dermoid cyst. The diagnosis of dermoid cyst was confirmed on histology. Postoperative outcome was excellent and the patient is symptom-free 16 months after surgery.

关键词： Dermoid Cyst Galea Aponeurotica Epicranium Cranial Vault

Epidemiological Analysis of 135 Cases of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Managed at a Surgical Intensive Care Unit

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2018年第1期8卷 119-131页

作者： Aurélien Ndoumbe Paul Boris Ngoyong Edu Chantal Simeu samuel takongmo Faculty of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Service of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care University Hospital Center of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Service of Surgery University Hospital Center of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

This study was a retrospective analysis of the epidemiologic profile of severe traumatic brain injuries managed at the surgical intensive care unit of the University Hospital Center of Yaoundé, Cameroon, between January 2011 and December 2015. All the patients admitted at the surgical intensive care unit for a traumatic brain injury with an initial Glasgow coma scale score ≤ 8 were included. One hundred and thirty-five cases were enrolled. One hundred and fourteen were males and 21 were females. Their mean age was 32.75 years. Forty-four patients were aged between 16 to 30 years. Road traffic accidents represented the first mode of injury with 101 cases and most of the patients were pedestrians hit by a car. Pupils and students were the most involved. Twenty-three patients had additional extracranial injury. On admission, 97 (71.85%) patients had GCS 7-8. A brain CT scan was done for 115 patients. Intracranial and intracerebral hemorrhages were the most frequent radiological findings with 57 cases. The overall mortality was 32.59% with 44 deaths. Thirty-two of the deaths occurred in patients with GCS 7 - 8 on admission. Ninety-one (67.40%) patients survived, 74 (54.81%) had persisting disabilities, while only 17 (12.59%) recovered fully. The following factors had an impact on the outcome: GCS at admission, pupillary anomalies, length of hospital stay, endotracheal intubation and surgery. Severe TBI remains a heavy socio-economic burden worldwide. In Cameroon where the health system is poorly organized, the outcome of individuals who sustained a severe TBI was dismal.

关键词： Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Intensive Care Epidemiology Outcome Cameroon

Thoracic Spinal Cord Stab Injury: A Case Report and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2015年第4期5卷 113-117页

作者： Aurélien Ndoumbe Marc Leroy Guifo Mathieu Motah samuel takongmo Faculty of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I CHU of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon

Thoracic spinal cord stab injuries are rare lesions. A 17-year-old boy was stabbed on his back by his classmate when he bent forward to pick up his cloth from the ground. On admission, he presented with: complete paraplegia with muscle strength of zero on all muscle groups, complete anesthesia from dermatome 10 and below, acute urinary retention, and a four-centimeter wound on the thoracolumbar region from which cerebrospinal fluid mixed with blood was oozing out. A high-dose methylprednisolone protocol was started (30 mg/kg in one hour and then 5.4 mg/kg over 23 hours) an indwelling urinary catheter placed and sterile dressing of the wound done. Antibiotics and analgesics were also administered. The computed tomography scanning revealed a spinal cord transection at T10-T11 level with incarceration of the broken knife blade. An emergency thoracic laminectomy was performed. Removal of the broken knife blade revealed complete spinal cord transection with a compressive hematoma within the spinal cord which was removed by smooth suction. The spinal dura was sutured and the wound closed in many layers. On day 14 after surgery, sensitivity was recovered with 3 on 5 muscle strength in both lower limbs except for both feet where motor function remained null. Urinary retention and fecal incontinence persisted. The patient was discharged from our service for a rehabilitation center. At 32-month follow-up, neurological examination was unchanged although patient noticed a slight improvement of sphincter disturbances.

关键词： Spinal Cord Injury Thoracic Spine Stab Wound Knife Seventeen-Year-Old Boy

Outcome of Surgically Treated Acute Traumatic Epidural Hematomas Based on the Glasgow Coma Scale

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2018年第1期8卷 109-118页

作者： Aurélien Ndoumbe Martine Virginie Patience Ekeme Chantal Simeu samuel takongmo Faculty of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Service of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care University Hospital Center of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Service of Surgery University Hospital Center of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

This study was a retrospective analysis of outcome of surgically treated acute traumatic epidural hematomas based on the Glasgow coma scale. The series enrolled forty-six consecutive cases of acute traumatic epidural hematomas. The mean age of patients was 29.56 years and 63.04% of the patients were between 21 and 30 years of age. Forty-tree out of 46 (93.47%) of the patients were males. Road traffic crash was the main mode of injury. The severity of the traumatic brain injury was classified according to the Glasgow coma scale score at admission. The injury was mild or moderate in 35 (76.08%) cases and severe in 11. Eight patients (17.39%) presented with pupillary abnormalities. The computed tomography scanning of the head has objectivized the epidural hematoma in all patients and has shown a mass effect with midline shift in all but one case (45/46). The most frequent surgical procedure done was craniotomy. Six (13.04%) patients died (GOS 1), but 38 (82.60%) recovered fully (GOS 5) and two (04.34%) were disabled but independent (GOS 4). The Glasgow coma score at admission was very predictive for good or poor outcome, since all patients but one who died and all survivors who were disabled were comatose at admission (GCS ≤ 8).

关键词： Traumatic Brain Injury Epidural Hematoma Glasgow Coma Scale Surgery Outcome

Epidemiological Analysis of Surgically Treated Acute Traumatic Epidural Hematoma

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2016年第3期6卷 89-97页

作者： Aurelien Ndoumbe Martine Virginie Patience Ekeme Bonaventure Jemea Chantal Simeu samuel takongmo Faculty of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon District Medical Hospital of Logpom Douala Cameroon Service of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care University Hospital Center of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I. Head Service of Surgery University Hospital Center of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

This study is a retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical, radiological and outcome data of surgically treated acute traumatic epidural hematomas. Forty-six consecutive cases of epidural hematomas were operated at the University Hospital Center of Yaoundé, Cameroon, between February 2006 and December 2013. The mean age was 29.56 years and63.04% of patients were between 21 and 30 years. Almost 94% of patients were males. Thirty-five percent of patients were motorcycle riders. Road traffic accident was the cause in 70% of cases. Mean time between head trauma and surgical evacuation was 78 hours. Head trauma was moderate in 52.17%. Initial loss of consciousness was found in 78.26% and lucid interval in 65.23%. Seventy-four percent of patients had signs of intracranial hypertension on admission, 35% had at least one neurologic focal sign and 50% had a scalp wound. Eight patients (17.39%) presented with unilateral or bilateral mydriasis. On computed tomography, the hematoma was on the left side in 60.86% of patients and frontal-parietal location was the most frequent. Computed tomography showed mass effect in 97.82% of patients. The most frequent surgical procedure was craniotomy. Six (13.04%) patients died, but 82.60% recovered fully (GOS 5). In Cameroon, traumatic acute epidural hematoma affects primarily healthy young men in their twenties and thirties. Road traffic accidents are the main etiology. Most patients had moderate head trauma and presented with intracranial hypertension. Early surgery is rarely done. Nevertheless, even with delayed surgery, most patients have good outcome.

关键词： Head Trauma Epidural Hematoma Epidemiology Delayed Surgery Outcome

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 366-377页

作者： samuel Abokyi Dennis Yan-yin Tse School of Optometry The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Research Center for SHARP Vision The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Eye and Vision Research Sha TinHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their *** comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches,focusing on the activation of transcription factor *** meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies,such as exercise,calorie restriction,rapamycin,and metformin,in patients and animal models of these common retinal *** review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging,its neuroprotective effects,and its therapeutic potential for retinal *** impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific,influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing *** vascular endothelial cells,transcription factor EB controls important processes,including endothelial cell proliferation,endothelial tube formation,and nitric oxide levels,thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier,angiogenesis,and retinal ***,transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells,inhibiting vascular calcification and *** retinal pigment epithelial cells,transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy,lysosomal dynamics,and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin,thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in *** cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis,neuronal synapse plasticity,energy metabolism,microvasculature,and inflammation,ultimately offering pro

关键词： age-related macular degeneration anti-aging interventions autophagy calorie restriction diabetic retinopathy exercise glaucoma neuromodulation phagocytosis photoreceptor outer segment degradation retinal aging transcription factor EB

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma