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On Evaluating the Efficacy of Predictive Models for Cognitive Radio Spectrum Availability in Nigeria

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Wireless Engineering and Technology 2018年第3期9卷 49-65页

作者： samuel Okegbile Adeniran Oluwaranti segun Aina Department of Computer Science and Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

In order to avoid the undesired interference with the activities of the primary users in cognitive radio networks, the secondary users are required to be able to predict the behavior of the primary users so as to leave the channel before the arrival of such licensed owner of the spectrum. While a number of existing literatures on cognitive radio spectrum prediction employ the use of propagation curves for predicting the spectrum holes otherwise known as TV white space, these models are built based on measurements conducted in regions that are different from Nigeria, suitability in terms of usage may therefore vary due to environmental factors and terrain profile. This work evaluates the efficacy of the developed model in predicting the cognitive spectrum availability in Nigeria. Models capable of predicting spectrum occupancy in the time domain using discrete-time two-state Markov chain with an appropriate Duty Cycle (DC) model and also a modified m-bell shaped exponential equation were formulated. The result obtained in all cases considered shows that the formulated models are appropriate to be used in any environment if the parameters were carefully extracted from the data. This work has also demonstrated that the accuracy of Markov chain models depends on the level of usage of a spectrum under consideration and may therefore not give desirable results when employed in some other spectrum.

关键词： Cognitive Device Predictive Model Spectrum Management Spectrum Occupancy TV White Space

Time Series Analysis on Reported Cases of Tuberculosis in Minna Niger State Nigeria

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Open Journal of Statistics 2020年第3期10卷 412-430页

作者： samuel Olayemi Olanrewaju Emmanuel Oluwatosin Ojo Emmanuel segun Oguntade Department of Statistics University of Abuja Abuja Nigeria Department of Statistics Federal University of Technology Minna Niger State Nigeria

Predicting the trend of non-seasonal data is a difficult task in Social Science. In this research work, we used time series analysis of 144 observations on monthly basis for record of reported cases of tuberculosis patients in Minna General Hospital, Niger State from the period of 2007-2018. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA: Time Plot and Descriptive Statistics), Stationarity Test (ADF), Trend estimation (Tt), Normality Test, and Forecast evaluation were carried out. The Augmented Dickey Fuller test for stationarity was conducted and the result revealed that the series are not stationary but became stationary after first difference. The correlogram established that the ARIMA (2, 1, 3) was the best model this was further confirmed from the result of L-jung Box. Equation for ARIMA (2, 1, 3) was given as Xt + 0.6867Xt-1 – 0.8859Xt-2 = Et + 1.3077Et-1 - 1.2328E

关键词： Tuberculosis Infectious Vaccine Stationarity White Noise Process Stochastic Process Gaussian Process

Application of ensemble models approach in anemia detection using images of the palpable palm

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2023年第4期20卷 76-86页

作者： Peter Appiahene samuel segun Dzifa Dogbe Emmanuel Edem Yaw Kobina Philip Sackey Dartey Stephen Afrifa Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh Justice Williams Asare Department of Computer Science and Informatics University of Energy and Natural ResourcesGhana Department of Information and Communication Engineering Tianjin UniversityChina c Department of Basic and Applied Biology University of Energy and Natural ResourcesGhana

Anemia is a public health issue with serious ramifications for human health *** particularly affects pregnant women and children from 6 to 59 months old even though every individual is at *** occurs when the Hb level is below its normal threshold or when the red blood cells are weakened or *** discover medical remedies on time,early detection or diagnosis of anemia assist patients to understand their *** invasive approach for anemia detection is costive and time-consuming as compared to the non-invasive approach which is reliable and suitable for developing communities where medical resources and personnel are *** study uses palpable palm images(dataset)collected from 710 participants in selected hospitals in *** images were extracted,segmented and converted into RGB percentile to train,validate and tested the machine learning models.A hybrid model was developed with the application of ensemble learning models using the R programming language on the R Studio ***,voting,boosting and bagging ensemble model techniques were used to build the hybrid models,the stacking ensemble model achieved an accuracy of 99.73%.The study justifies that ensemble models are efficient for medical disease diagnosis or detection such as anemia.

关键词： Machine learning Anemia detection Ensemble learning Algorithms

Investigation of the Efficacy of Home-Based Oral Chloroquine Treatment among Under-Five Children with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Some Parts of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第1期12卷 118-127页

作者： Afolabi segun Olomu Ubom Gregory Abraham Gazuwa Yusuf samuel Johnson Titilayo Okolo Selina Nnuaku Department of Biochemistry University of Jos Plateau Nigeria Paediatrics Department Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) Jos Nigeria

Background: Nigeria is currently a malaria endemic country with an estimated 76% of her population at risk of contracting malaria [1]. According to a study in Nigeria, the first line of action mothers took when their children under 5 years have malaria showed that over 50% of them used non-prescription drugs they have at home or bought from pharmacy stores. And 60% of the most commonly used drugs for malaria treatment were chloroquine [2]. Many recent studies have demonstrated re-emergence of chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum, suggesting a possible role in future malaria control [3]. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of home-based oral chloroquine treatment among children under 5 years with Plasmodium falciparum malaria attending Jos University Teaching Hospital and OLA Hospital in Jos Metropolis. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 93 malaria and non-malaria children. Malaria diagnosis was carried out using microscopical examination of Leishman’s stained thick and thin blood films, P. falciparum parasitemia was assessed by standard microscopy techniques and complete blood count was done using Beckman Coulter Analyzer. Results: The body temperature on admission was significantly lower (p ˚C ± 0.07˚C) than in the three malaria groups. The mean body temperature of chloroquine treated children with malaria was significantly lower (p Conclusion: The results obtained in this study demonstrate that there was significant positive impact of chloroquine treatment on Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and degree of anemia in children under 5 years with Plasmodium falciparum in Jos Metropolis.

关键词： Malaria Chloroquine Children Parasitemia Plasmodium falciparum Anemia Nigeria

Investigation of the effect of malaria and home-based oral chloroquine treatment on biochemical indices of *** malaria infection in children under 5 years in jos metropolis

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Infectious Diseases Research 2022年第1期3卷 29-33页

作者： Olomu segun Afolabi samuel Yusufu Gazuwa Garba Ibrahim Hassan Okolo Selina Nnuaku Department of Biochemistry University of JosPlateauNigeria Department of Biochemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchiNigeria Paediatrics Department Jos University Teaching Hospital(JUTH)JosNigeria

Background:In Nigeria,malaria is a leading cause of hospital admission and *** country accounts for highest malaria cases and deaths *** 25% of all malaria cases and deaths in the world occurs in *** 2010,malaria was reported to account for 60% of all outpatient visits and responsible for 30% of all hospital admission of children under the age of five years leaving in ***:The goal of this research work was to investigate the possible role of the state of protein nutrition,kidney and liver functions of the under 5 years children with *** malaria;the assessment of these biochemical parameters as possible indicator of *** infection in the studied subjects and the effect of home-based oral chloroquine treatment in these children leaving in Jos ***:Total of 93 children within the age range of 1 to 59 months and leaving in Jos North,Central Nigeria were recruited for this cross-sectional *** parasite identification was done using microscopic examination of Leishman-stained thick and thin blood films while the complete blood count was carried out using Beckman Coulter ***:The serum albumin concentration of(37.63±0.82 g/L)obtained in the malaria-free children was higher than concentration of(34.07±1.90 g/L)obtained in the chloroquine treated children with malaria,but not different from those obtained in the untreated uncomplicated malaria(37.35±1.19 g/L)and untreated severe malaria(37.43±1.02 g/L)*** Serum globulin concentration of 35.09±1.95 g/L,obtained in the untreated simple malaria group was higher than 30.18±1.30 g/L in the control group,34.57±2.59 g/L in the untreated severe malaria group and chloroquine treated malaria with 30.71±2.38 g/L,***:This study suggests that the biochemical parameters of serum creatinine,serum albumin,total protein,and globulin,serum alkaline phosphatase,serum alanine aminotransferase and serum aspartate aminotransferase a

关键词： chloroquine P.falciparum children Malaria pathogenesis

Pentazocine Abuse in Two Siblings with Sickle Cell Anaemia

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第2期9卷 148-153页

作者： samuel Kolade Ernest Israel Kayode Kolawole Benedict Oluwasesan Olorunsola Oluwaseun Taofik Ogunkunle Oluwatosin Adeniyi Ojuola Tryphena Jadesola Oyedepo segun Opeyemi Jenyo Department of Paediatrics University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin Nigeria Department Anaesthesia and Palliative Care University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin Nigeria

Vaso-occlusive crisis is a common clinical manifestation in children with sickle cell anaemia, frequently warranting in-patient management with intravenous fluids, analgesics and occasionally anti-malaria and antibiotics. Pain is the principal symptom of vaso-occlusive crisis and it can affect any part of the body. Pentazocine is a well-known opioid analgesic, commonly used in the treatment of painful crisis in children affected by sickle cell anaemia. It was discovered in the 1950s and was initially thought to be addiction—proof, but this has been disproved over the years by reports of pentazocine dependence/addiction especially in patients living with chronic pain. There have been some case reports of pentazocine abuse/dependence among sickle cell disease patients in the literature, most of which are from Nigeria but none involved joint addiction by siblings. We therefore, report the case of two siblings, known sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) patients, referred to our emergency paediatric unit with history of recurrent painful crisis over a 10-month period leading to abuse of pentazocine. They were jointly managed successfully by the paediatric hematology and the pain and palliative units of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and helped to overcome their abuse and addiction.

关键词： Pentazocine Abuse Siblings Sickle Cell Anaemia

Genetic variation and cryptic lineage diversity of the Nigerian red-headed rock agama Agama agama associate with eco-geographic zones

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 713-724页

作者： Lotanna M.NNEJI Adeniyi C.ADEOLA Fang YAN Agboola O.OKEYOYIN Ojo C.OLADIPO Yohanna SAIDU Dinatu samuel Ifeanyi C.NNEJI Akindele O.ADEYI Abiodun B.ONADEKO Temidayo E.OLAGUNJU Olatunde OMOTOSO segun O.OLADIPO Oluyinka A.IYIOLA John Y.USONGO Timothy AUTA Abbas D.USMAN Halima ABDULLAHI Odion O.IKHIMIUKOR Wei-Wei ZHOU Jie-Qiong JIN Obih A.UGWUMBA Adiaha A.A.UGWUMBA Min-Sheng PENG Robert W.MURPHY Jing CHE State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China National Park Service Headquarters Federal Capital TerritoryAbuja 900001Nigeria Old Oyo National Park Oyo State 211242Nigeria Gashaka Gumti National Park SertiTaraba State 663101Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences University of AbujaFCTAbuja 902101Nigeria Department of Zoology University of IbadanIbadanOyo State 200284Nigeria Department of Zoology University of LagosLagos 100213Nigeria Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology Kwara State UniversityMaleteKwara State 241104Nigeria Department of Zoology Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of llorinllorinKwara State 240103Nigeria Department of Zoology Modibbo Adama University of TechnologyYola 640101Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Federal University Dutsin-MaKatsina State 821Nigeria Department of Biology Kashim Ibrahim College of EducationMaiduguriBorno State 600230Nigeria Department of Microbiology University of IbadanIbadanOyo State 200284Nigeria Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada M5S 2C6

Nigeria is an Afrotropical region with considerable ecological heterogeneity and levels of biotic *** its vertebrate fauna,reptiles have broad distributions,thus,they constitute a compelling system for assessing the impact of ecological variation and geographic isolation on species *** red-headed rock agama,Agama agama,lives in a wide range of habitats and,thus,it may show genetic structuring and ***,we tested the hypothesis that ecology affects its genetic structure and population *** inference phylogenetic analysis of a mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)gene recovered four well-supported matrilines with strong evidence of genetic structuring consistent with eco-geographic *** differences among populations based on the mtDNA also correlated with geographic distance. The ecologicalniche model for the matrilines had a good fit and robust performance. Population divergence alongthe environmental axes was associated with climatic conditions, and temperature ranked highestamong all environmental variables for forest specialists, while precipitation ranked highest for theforest/derived savanna, and savanna specialists. Our results cannot reject the hypothesis that nicheconservatism promotes geographic isolation of the western populations of Nigerian A. ***, ecological gradients and geographic isolation impact the genetic structure and population divergenceof the lizards. This species might be facing threats due to recent habitat fragmentation,especially in western Nigeria. Conservation actions appear necessary.

关键词： Agama agama ecological speciation genogeography Nigeria population divergence vegetation