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Poultry litter biochar application in combination with chemical fertilizer and Azolla green manure improves rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy soil

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 591-602页

作者： samuel munyaka kimani Putu Oki Bimantara Valensi Kautsar Keitaro Tawaraya Weiguo Cheng The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate UniversityMorioka 020-8550Japan Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Yamagata University1-23Wakaba-machiTsuruokaYamagata 997-8555Japan

Poultry litter biochar is known to improve crop ***,its beneficial interactions with chemical fertilizer and/or organic manure on rice yield and nitrogen(N)use efficiency(NUE)are not well *** objective of this study was to co-apply poultry litter biochar(hereinafter biochar)and chemical fertilizer and/or Azolla as organic manure(herein N fertilizer sources)to improve the productivity of rice and *** treatments-no amendments(control),chemical fertilizer(NPK),Azolla as green manure(Azolla),and NPK+Azolla without and with biochar amendment-were evalu-ated in a pot *** rice plant growth components,yield,and NUE were *** to the treatments without biochar,co-application of biochar and N fertilizer sources significantly improved grain N uptake by 23.9%and NUE by 34.3-246.9%.These treatments also significantly improved rice growth components(5.6-18.2%)and grain yield(32.4%).Significant changes in soil properties including increases in pH,electrical conductivity(EC),total N,organic car-bon,and available phosphorus were observed following biochar *** for the soil pH and EC parameters,no significant synergistic interactions between biochar and N fertilizer sources were observed for any parameters in the present ***,compared to other treatments,the co-application of biochar and Azolla offers a feasible approach to improve rice productivity and NUE and reduce chemical fertilizer use,thereby reducing agricultural pollution and production costs.

关键词： Azolla N use efficiency Poultry litter biochar Rice paddy Synergistic effects

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Optimized Mn and Bi co-doping in SnTe based thermoelectric material:A case of band engineering and density of states tuning

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第26期85卷 76-86页

作者： samuel kimani Kihoi Joseph Ngugi Kahiu Hyunji Kim U.Sandhya Shenoy D.Krishna Bhat Seonghoon Yi Ho Seong Lee School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National University80 Daehak-roBuk-guDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National University80 Daehak-roBuk-guDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry College of Engineering and TechnologySrinivas UniversityMukka574146 MangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkalSrinivasnagar575025 MangaloreKarnatakaIndia

Tin telluride(SnTe)overwhelmingly continues to be studied owing to its promising thermoelectric properties,tunable electronic structure,and its potential as an alternate to toxic lead telluride(PbTe)based *** this research,we engineer the electronic properties of SnTe by co-doping Mn and Bi below their individual solubility *** First principles density functio nal theory studies reveal that both Bi and Mn introduce resonance states,thereby increasing the density of states near the Fermi level leading to enhanced Seebeck *** unique combination of using two resonant dopants to introduce flatter bands is effective in achieving higher performance at lower tempe ratures manifesting into a large Seebeck value of~91μV/K at room temperature in the present *** elements optimally co-doped results in a very high power factor value of~24.3μW/cmK^(2) at 773 K when compared to other high performance SnTe based materials.A zT of~0.93 at 773 K is achieved by tuning the proportion of the co-dopants Mn and Bi in *** hardness value of pristine SnTe was also seen to increase after *** a result,synergistic optimized doping proves to be a suitable means for obtaining thermoelectric materials of superior characteristics without the need for heavy doping.

关键词： SnTe Thermoelectric Electronic structure engineering Solubility Thermal conductivity

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