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Potential factors influencing lymphatic filariasis transmission in"hotspot"and"control"areas in Ghana:the importance of vectors

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 45-55页

作者： Sellase Pi-Bansa Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei Kwadwo Kyeremeh Frempong Elizabeth Elhassan Osei kweku Akuoko David Agyemang Collins Ahorlu Maxwell Alexander Appawu Benjamin Guibehi Koudou Michael David Wilson Dziedzom Komi de Souza samuel kweku dadzie Jurg Utzinger Daniel Adjei Boakye Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaLegonGhana SightSavers International Ghana OfficeAccraGhana African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of GhanaLegonGhana Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire AbidjanCote d'Ivoire

Background:Mass drug administration(MDA)programmes for the control of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana,have been ongoing in some endemic districts for 16 *** current study aimed to assess factors that govern the success of MDA programmes for breaking transmission of lymphatic filariasis in ***:The study was undertaken in two"hotspot"districts(Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West)and two control districts(Mpohor and Bongo)in *** were collected and identified using morphological and molecular tools.A proportion of the cibarial armatures of each species was *** were performed onAnopheles gambiae for filarial worm detection.A questionnaire was administered to obtain information on MDA compliance and vector control *** were compared between districts to determine factors that might explain persistent transmission of lymphatic ***:High numbers of mosquitoes were sampled in Ahanta West district compared to Mpohor district(F=16.09,P=0.002).There was no significant difference between the numbers of mosquitoes collected in Kassena Nankana West and Bongo districts(F=2.16,P=0.185).Mansonia species were predominant in Ahanta West *** mosquitoes were prevalent in all *** with infected and infective filarial worms was found only in Ahanta West *** differences were found in cibarial teeth numbers and shape for mosquito species in the surveyed *** MDA coverage was high in all *** average use of bednet and indoor residual spraying was 82.4 and 66.2%,*** was high compliance in the five preceding MDA rounds in Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West districts,both considered hotspots of lymphatic filariasis ***:The study on persistent transmission of lymphatic filariasis in the two areas in Ghana present information that shows the importance of local understanding of factors affecting control and elimination of lymphatic

关键词： Ghana Hotspots Lymphatic filariasis Mass drug administration Microfilariae Systematic non-compliance Vector control

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Ecology, Distribution and Risk of Transmission of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers by Aedes Mosquitoes around the Port Areas of Tema in Southern Ghana

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Advances in Entomology 2022年第2期10卷 135-148页

作者： Kenechukwu C. Ojukwu Joseph Chabi Kwadwo Frempong Delphina A. Adabie-Gomez Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei Andy Asafu-Adjaye Sellase Pi-Bansa Michelle Adimazoya Kojo Y. Sakyi Kwaku O. Akuoko Ruth Brenyah Maxwell A. Appawu samuel kweku dadzie African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Parasitology Department Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana School of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Clinical Microbiology School of Medical Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Aedes-borne diseases remain a public health challenge for many countries globally. The extent of spread of invasive species of Aedes mosquitoes and risk of transmission of the diseases especially around the point of entry of goods such as ports is not well known in Ghana. This study investigated the ecology, distribution and risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers by Aedes mosquitoes around the port areas of Tema, Southern Ghana. The mosquitoes from this study were collected using human landing catches, ovitraps and larval collections for a period of six months. A total of 1092 containers were inspected in both seasons and of these, 237 (21.7%) were positive for mosquito larvae or pupae in rainy season while 181 (16.6%) were positive in dry season. A total of 6498 mosquitoes were collected and identified morphologically using taxonomic keys. 6038 (92.9%) were Aedes aegypti, 337 (5.2%) were Culex spp. and 123 (1.9%) were Anopheles gambiae. The Ae. aegypti larvae were found breeding in a series of water-holding containers which included disposed plastic containers, earthenware pots, car tyres, plastic barrels, plastic basins, buckets, metal drums, jerrycans and poly tank. A high proportion of Aedes aegypti eggs were found in the ovitraps during the rainy season than in the dry season in the study sites. Ae. aegypti was the most common mosquitoes biting mostly outdoors (65.6%) with more bites occurring in the rainy season (63.6%) in the two residential sites (Tema Community One and Tema New Town). The risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fever in the study sites was assessed using House Index, Container Index, Breteau Index and was found to be higher in Tema New town area with seasonal variations within the sites. The man-vector contact rates for the two residential sites were also found to be higher in rainy season than the dry season. These observations indicate that the risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers in the study areas is high espe

关键词： Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers Tema Port Areas Aedes Risk of Transmission

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First molecular identification of multiple tick‑borne pathogens in livestock within Kassena‑Nankana,Ghana

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Animal Diseases 2023年第1期3卷 21-34页

作者： Seth Offei Addo Ronald Essah Bentil Kevin Nii Yartey Jane Ansah‑Owusu Eric Behene Selassie Bruku Victor Asoala Suzanne Mate John Asiedu Larbi Philip kweku Baidoo Michael David Wilson Joseph W.Diclaro II samuel K.dadzie Parasitology Department Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical ResearchCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology College of ScienceKNUSTKumasiGhana Department of Epidemiology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical ResearchCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Navrongo Health Research Centre Upper East RegionNavrongoGhana U.S.Army Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMDUSA Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center Center for Disease Control and Prevention DetachmentAtlantaGAUSA

The risk of pathogen transmission continues to increase significantly in the presence of tick vectors due to the trade of livestock across *** Ghana,there is a lack of data on the incidence of tick-borne pathogens that are of zoonotic and veterinary *** study,therefore,aimed to determine the prevalence of such pathogens in livestock using molecular approaches.A total of 276 dry blood spots were collected from cattle(100),sheep(95)and goats(81)in the Kassena-Nankana *** samples were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction(qPCR)and conventional assays and Sanger sequencing that targeted pathogens including Rickettsia,Coxiella,Babesia,Theileria,Ehrlichia and *** overall prevalence of 36.96%was recorded from the livestock DBS,with mixed infections seen in 7.97%***,the prevalence of infections in livestock was recorded to be 19.21%in sheep,14.13%in cattle,and 3.62%in *** pathogens identified were Rickettsia spp.(3.26%),Babesia ***(8.70%),Theileria orientalis(2.17%),Theileria parva(0.36%),Anaplasma capra(18.48%),Anaplasma phagocytophilum(1.81%),Anaplasma marginale(3.26%)and Anaplasma ovis(7.25%).This study reports the first molecular identification of the above-mentioned pathogens in livestock in Ghana and highlights the use of dry blood spots in resource-limited *** addition,this research provides an update on tick-borne pathogens in Ghana,suggesting risks to livestock production and human *** studies will be essential to establish the distribution and epidemiology of these pathogens in Ghana.

关键词： Livestock Rickettsia Babesia Theileria Ehrlichia Anaplasma

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An insight into artisanal leather making in Ghana

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Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 2020年第1期2卷 307-320页

作者： Miriam Appiah-Brempong Helen M.K.Essandoh Nana Yaw Asiedu samuel Kwame dadzie Francis Warings Yao Momade RWESCK Department of Civil EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Materials Engineering College of EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana

The production of leather from animal skins and hides through tanning processes began in the pre-historic *** the origination of new leather making techniques such as chrome tanning which is being employed extensively today,the traditional method of leather production primarily through vegetable tanning is still being practised mostly in artisanal tanneries in developing nations including *** leather making,thus,contributes beneficially to rural ***,the growth of this sector has been stifled by the lack of innovative technologies to enhance *** challenge could be partly linked to the knowledge gap on the scientific principles governing artisanal leather production *** study,therefore,elaborates on various process steps and materials employed in traditional leather making in Ghana and the scientific principles underlying each of the *** also makes a comparison between traditional and modern leather manufacturing processes and identifies knowledge and technological gaps which would inspire in-depth scientific research into artisanal leather making.

关键词： Artisanal leather making processes Modern-day leather manufacturing Animal skin/hide Tannery Pre-tanning Tanning Post-tanning

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Evaluation of Major Chemical Components in Beans of Some Selected International Cocoa Clones in Ghana

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第3期4卷 200-208页

作者： Abu Mustapha dadzie Stephen Yaw Opoku Atta Ofori samuel Lowor Jemmy Felix Takrama Francis Kwame Padi Julius Yeboah Department of Plant Breeding Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG) Tafo-Akim Ghana

Cocoa bean is an important raw material for the chocolate, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The butter content and other chemical components such as polyphenols play essential role in the health benefits of consumers as well as flavor of chocolates produced. In this study cocoa beans from 15 international clones （genotypes） were fermented and dried for six and 14 days, respectively. Genotypic effect on the major chemical components of the beans that affect chocolate flavour and taste were assessed using various protocols in the laboratory. Concentrations and relationship existing among the chemical components tested during three- and two-year periods were determined. Genotypic differences were found to account for variation in the concentration of various components tested. Among the genotypes used Man 15-2 seems to be high in fat content whilst IMC 47 was low. In terms of O-dihydric phenol content ICS 1 recorded the highest whilst MO 20 recorded the least. A further test on polyphenols content showed high levels for Gu 255 whilst T 79/501 recorded the least. Significant positive correlation was also observed among the various chemical components tested. The findings of this work clearly confirmed the existence of significant correlations among the major chemical components in cocoa beans and the influence of genotype on the chemical component concentration. This information could be very useful in breeding and selection for a particular component since genotype plays a major role.

关键词： Cocoa clones polyphenols O-dihydrics.

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Genotypic Effect of Rootstock and Scion on Grafting Success and Growth of Kola (Cola nitida) Seedlings

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3873-3879页

作者： Abu Mustapha dadzie Abraham Akpertey Julius Yeboah Stephen Yaw Opoku Atta Ofori samuel Lowor Richard Ackyeampong Patricia Adu- Yeboah Mercy Asamoah Frank Manu Amoah Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG) Tafo-Akim Ghana

Kola (Cola nitida) is an important economic cash crop for many West and Central African countries. It has several medicinal uses in the pharmaceutical industries and also plays a major role in traditional marriages among Islamic communities across West and Central Africa. The crop is extensively cultivated in Nigeria and Ghana. However, it exhibit signs of total and partial sterility as well as self incompatibility when propagated from seeds in most cases. Therefore, grafting is seen as a method of choice in addressing the problem stated above. Though grafting accounts for some degree of success, there is the need to assess genotypic and physiological factors that account for high or low grafting success. Genetic and physiological factors (such as rootstock age) affecting grafting success and growth in kola (C. nitida) were investigated in two separate experiments. In experiment I720 kola seedlings were raised from unselected kola nuts and sown at two monthly intervals. Four groups of seedlings (180/group) i.e. 6, 8, 10 and 12 months old were thus produced. Three different scions (A1, A12 and JB1) measuring (5-10 cm) were grafted onto the four age groups of rootstocks, namely, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. Experiment II consisted of 540 seedlings raised from three main crosses (JX1/9 × JX1/11 * B1/142 × B1/151, JX1/9 × JX1/11 * B2/177 × B2/156 and JX1/9 × JX1/11 * GX1/46 × GX1/53). Grafting was done after six months using the same set of scions as described in experiment I. Experimental design used was 3 × 4 and 3 × 3 factorial designs in completely randomised design with three replicates for experiment I and II respectively. The fixed effects were the different genotype and age of rootstock at grafting whilst the response variable was the percentage of successful grafting two months as well as growth at six monthly intervals. Results from the study showed that grafting onto 6 months old stocks gave the highest percentage success and growth of grafts followed by 8, 10 and

关键词： Kola Rootstock Scion Genotype

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Preliminary Investigation on Somatic Embryogenesis from Immature Cotyledon Explants of Shea （Vitellaria paradoxa G,）

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2012年第11期2卷 1171-1176页

作者： Paul Kwasi Krah Adu-Gyamfi Michael Teye Barnor Abu Mustapha dadzie samuel Lowor Stephen Yaw Opoku Kwabena Opoku-Ameyaw Matilda Bissah Francis Kwame Padi Department of Plant Breeding Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana Box 8 New-Tafo Akim Ghana Department of Plant Breeding Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute Bunso E/R Ghana

Long juvenile phase and lack of effective protocols for large scale vegetative propagation are limitations to domestication and improvement of the shea tree. The present study seeks to develop a protocol for plant regeneration of shea （Vitellaria paradoxa） from immature cotyledon explants. Embryogenic callus cultures were induced on Murashige and Skoog medium （MS） containing 3% sucrose, 0.24% Phytagel, and various concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） after four weeks of culture in darkness. Rates of embryogenic callus induction were significantly affected by the addition of 2, 4-D to the medium. Within 28 days of culture, the highest percentage of embyogenic calli （77.61%） occurred on MS media containing 0.45 ~tM of 2,4-D in the dark. Somatic embryos were obtained by culturing embryogenic callus （in the dark） on MS medium fortified with 3% sucrose, 0.24% phytagel and devoid of growth regulators. Culturing at 16 h photoperiod restricted both the induction of embryogenic calli cultures and somatic embryos. Somatic embryos germinated, developed shoots and rooted vigorously on MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Germinated plantlets were acclimatized, successfully.

关键词： Embryogenic callus micro-propagation Sapoteaceae shea tree somatic embryos.

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Impact of Urban Agriculture on the Species Distribution and Insecticide Resistance Profile of <i>Anopheles gambiae s.s.</i>and <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i>in Accra Metropolis, Ghana

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Advances in Entomology 2018年第3期6卷 198-211页

作者： Joseph Chabi Miracle C.Eziefule Rebecca Pwalia Joannitta Joannides Dorothy Obuobi Godwin Amlalo Charlotte A.Addae Iddrisu Alidu Dominic Acquah-Baidoo samuel Akporh Sampson Gbagba Kwadwo K.Frempong Melinda P.Hadi Helen Pates Jamet samuel K.dadzie Vestergaard-NMIMR Vector Labs Parasitology DepartmentNoguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research(NMIMR)University of GhanaAccraGhana Parasitology Department Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research(NMIMR)University of GhanaAccraGhana African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Sciences(ARPPIS) University of GhanaAccraGhana Vestergaard East Africa NairobiKenya Vestergaard Washington DCUSA

Malaria incidence in urban areas has generally been low compared to rural areas but recent data indicate that urban malaria remains a public health problem. It is therefore important to understand the factors that promote urban malaria to help formulate future vector control strategies. This study compared Anopheles gambiae s.l. (A. gambiae s.l.) species composition, distribution and insecticide resistance mechanisms between vegetable and non-vegetable growing areas in Accra Metropolis. Four sites were selected within the city of Accra which comprised of two vegetable-growing and two non-vegetable growing areas. WHO susceptibility tests were carried out on adults A. gambiae s.l. reared from larvae collected from the sites. Five insecticides were tested and the A. gambiae complex, resistance genotypes and enzyme activities of each population were characterized. All A. gambiae s.l. populations tested were resistant to all the insecticides, but relatively lower mortalities were observed in the vegetable growing areas. The mortality against 0.05% deltamethrin was 2.6% (Opeibea) and 12.5% (Korle-Bu) for the vegetable growing areas and 36.2% (Achimota) and 38.9% (Mataheko) in the non-vegetable growing areas. Anopheles gambiae s.s. (95% of Opeibea population) and Anopheles coluzzii, (98% of Korle-Bu population) were the dominant species in the vegetable growing areas. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc-1014F) frequencies of all the populations were similar but the acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) frequencies were significantly lower (p A. gambiae s.l. from Opeibea than from the other areas. The contribution of urban agriculture in the development of insecticide resistance needs to be considered in the formulation of future vector control strategies alongside other domestic usages.

关键词： Anopheles gambiae s.s. Anopheles coluzzii Insecticide Resistance Malaria Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) Urban Agriculture

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Bacteriological Assessment of the Quality of Raw-mixed Vegetable Salads Prepared and Sold by Street Food Vendors in Korle-Gonno, Accra Metropolis, Ghana

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Journal of Health Science 2014年第11期2卷 560-566页

作者： George Antepim Pesewu Jeffery N.Y.K. Agyei Kwakye I. Gyimah Michael A. Olu-Taiwo samuel Osei-Djarbeng Francis S. Codjoe Isaac Anim-Baidoo Rebecca Steele-dadzie Patrick F. Ayeh-Kumi Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (MEDLAB) School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences College of HealthSciences University of Ghana P. O. Box KB 143 Korle-Bu Accra Ghana W/A Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumasi Polytechnic P. O. Box 854 Kumasi Ghana W/A Department of Dieteties School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ghana P. O.Box KB 143 Korle-Bu Accra Ghana W/A

It is known that raw-mixed vegetable salads are essential part of people＇s diet all around the world. These vegetables salads are consumed raw and often without heat treatment or thorough washing. Raw-mixed vegetable salads therefore can serve as vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms associated with human diseases. The aim of this study was to isolate and analyze the common bacterial pathogens associated with raw-mixed vegetable salads prepared and sold by street food vendors in Korle-Gonno, Accra, Metropolis, Ghana. A total of 75 different raw-mixed vegetable salads were sampled from the open places and were subjected to bacteriological analysis using standard Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） of the United Nations （UN） total aerobic plate count method. A total mean colony count of bacteria ranged 0.87-5.6 log10 CFU/g was isolated. Escherichia coli （35%）, Staphylococcus aureus （33%）, Klebsiella sp. （17%）, and Bacillus sp. （15%） were the bacteria isolated from the various raw-mixed vegetables salads investigated. This study has shown that all the raw-mixed vegetable salads sampled from Korle-Gonno, Accra Metropolis, Ghana had a high bacterial contamination and their persistence and proliferation is a reflection of poor hygienic practices by the street food vendors. The use of unsafe or contaminated water to irrigate the vegetables when growing on the farm or garden could also be a contributing factor.

关键词： Quality raw-mixed vegetable salad aerobic plate count Escherichia coli.

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