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Parental k.owledge of Pre-Hospital Management of Avulsed Permanent Tooth in Children at k.th

Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 87-102页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi samuel k. addo Solomon Obiri-Yeboah Department of Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACk.ROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action tak.n at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered as the treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertak.n to assess the k.owledge of parents who accompany their children to the pediatric dental clinic, k.TH on the pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth in children. METHODS: A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the k.owledge of pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth from 83 parents who accompanied their wards to the pediatric dental clinic at k.TH. RESULTS: A total of 83 parents were involved in the study. 30 (36%) were males while 53 (64%) were females. The majority of the parents (57%) were either university trained or had attended college of education. Only 32 parents (39%) were aware of the possibility of replantation. Majority of the parents chose non-physiologic media as the transport media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-replantation before seek.ng professional help. 76 parents (92%) had no previous education on pre-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from this study indicate that parental k.owledge on pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth is low hence the need for massive public educational campaigns.

关键词： Parental k.owledge Tooth Avulsion Pre-Hospital Management Permanent Tooth

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 366-377页

作者： samuel Abok.i Dennis Yan-yin Tse School of Optometry The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Research Center for SHARP Vision The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Eye and Vision Research Sha TinHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk.factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their *** comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches,focusing on the activation of transcription factor *** meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies,such as exercise,calorie restriction,rapamycin,and metformin,in patients and animal models of these common retinal *** review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging,its neuroprotective effects,and its therapeutic potential for retinal *** impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific,influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing *** vascular endothelial cells,transcription factor EB controls important processes,including endothelial cell proliferation,endothelial tube formation,and nitric oxide levels,thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier,angiogenesis,and retinal ***,transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells,inhibiting vascular calcification and *** retinal pigment epithelial cells,transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy,lysosomal dynamics,and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin,thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in *** cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis,neuronal synapse plasticity,energy metabolism,microvasculature,and inflammation,ultimately offering pro

关键词： age-related macular degeneration anti-aging interventions autophagy calorie restriction diabetic retinopathy exercise glaucoma neuromodulation phagocytosis photoreceptor outer segment degradation retinal aging transcription factor EB

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Optimal control application to an Ebola model

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第4期6卷 283-289页

作者： Ebenezer Bonyah k.ngsley Badu samuel k.esi Asiedu-addo Department of Mathematics and Statistics Kumasi Polytechnic Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health ScienceUniversity of Ghana Faculty of Health Sciences Garden City University College Department of Mathematics Education University of Education

Ebola virus is a severe,frequently fatal illness,with a case fatality rate up to 90%.The outbreak.of the disease has been ack.owledged by World Health Organization as Public Health Emergency of International *** threat of Ebola in West Africa is still a major setback.to the socioeconomic *** control theory is applied to a system of ordinary differential equations which is modeling Ebola infection through three different routes including contact between humans and a dead *** an attempt to reduce infection in susceptible population,a preventive control is put in the form of education and campaign and two treatment controls are applied to infected and late-stage infected(super) human *** Pontryagins maximum principle is employed to characterize optimality control,which is then solved *** is observed that time optimal control is existed in the *** activation of each control showed a positive reduction of *** overall effect of activation of all the controls simultaneously reduced the effort required for the reduction of the infection *** obtained results present a good framework.for planning and designing cost-effective strategies for good interventions in dealing with Ebola *** is established that in order to reduce Ebola threat all the three controls must be tak.n into consideration concurrently.

关键词： Ebola Optimal control Pontryagins maximum principle Case finding Case holding

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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris k.Salgado Jose M.Santiago samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptak. of extracellular glutamate which mak.s them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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First Nationwide Survey of the Prevalence of TB/HIV Co-Infection in Ghana

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2018年第2期6卷 135-147页

作者： k.nnedy k. addo William k. Ampofo Richard Owusu Christian Bonsu Naomi Nartey Gloria I. Mensah samuel O. addo k.fi Bonney Justice k.mi Aduk.ei Hesse Nii A. addo Frank.A. Bonsu Department of Bacteriology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Accra Ghana Department of Virology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Accra Ghana Department of Clinical Pathology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Accra Ghana Executive Health Care and Consult Accra Ghana National AIDS/STI Control Programme Accra Ghana National Tuberculosis Control Programme Accra Ghana

Back.round: To better understand the extent of the magnitude of tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection in Ghana, a baseline study was conducted to establish the national prevalence of the dual infection. The study aimed to determine the most prevalent HIV serotype (HIV-1 or HIV-2) in TB patients (new and old cases);genotype mycobacterial species causing TB/HIV co-infection and determine their drug susceptibility patterns. Methods: Sputum and dried blood samples were collected from 503 TB patients from 67 health facilities nationwide between December 2007 and November 2008. All samples were processed for mycobacterial and HIV testing using conventional and molecular methods. Results: A total of 517 paired sputum samples were received from 517 patients. A total 503 patients [335 (66.6%) males;168 (33.4%) females] had at least one culture positive sample. Majority (93.0%) of the patients were new cases while 7.0% were old cases. All 503 TB isolates were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Of 503 blood samples, 74 were positive for HIV (14.7%), comprising 71 (14.1%) and 3 (0.6%) for HIV-1 and HIV-1 & 2 respectively;none was positive for HIV-2 alone. The seroprevalence of HIV in newly diagnosed TB patients and those already on treatment, was 69/468 (14.7%) and 5/35 (14.3%) respectively (p > 0.05). Differentiation of isolates from TB/HIV co-infected patients showed that 70/74 (94.6%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis while 4/74 (5.4%) were Mycobacterium africanum. Monoresistance to isoniazid and rifampicin were 4/74 (5.4%) and 1/74 (1.4%) respectively;resistance to both drugs (multi-drug resistant-MDR) was not observed. Sixty nine (93.2%) isolates were susceptible to both drugs. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV infection in TB patients was 14.7%. TB/HIV was common among the sexually active age group (25 - 34 years). Majority of the TB isolates were M. tuberculosis which were susceptible to both isoniazid and rifampicin. HIV-1 was the common s

关键词： TB/HIV Co-Infection Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Drug Resistance Ghana

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基于ANSYS的磁饱和式可控电抗器分析

基于ANSYS的磁饱和式可控电抗器分析

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作者： samuel addo Dark. 兰州交通大学

学位级别：硕士

磁控并联电抗器(Magnetically Controlled Shunt Reactor,MCSR)铁心同时受到交流和直流两种激励作用,而工作在多种复杂的激励条件下。尽管近年来MCSR因其在电力系统中的广泛应用而备受关注,但由于MCSR本质上的复杂性,需要采用工程仿真... 详细信息

磁控并联电抗器(Magnetically Controlled Shunt Reactor,MCSR)铁心同时受到交流和直流两种激励作用,而工作在多种复杂的激励条件下。尽管近年来MCSR因其在电力系统中的广泛应用而备受关注,但由于MCSR本质上的复杂性,需要采用工程仿真工具对其进行分析。ANSYS Maxwell(ANSYS)是一个工业领先的高性能仿真软件,它使用有限元分析来解决和分析许多工程问题。它可用于分析磁场、电场、结构等学科。ANSYS仿真方法不仅简单方便,而且在精度、时间和成本效率等方面具有突出的优势。本论文的主要研究内容是:对磁控并联电抗器的主铁芯结构、铁磁材料、磁化特性和运行特性进行了研究;分析了抽头比、触发角和磁饱和度对控制特性的影响;利用ANSYS建立了MCSR的三维结构模型,并计算了不同直流偏磁激励下绕组的磁场和电流波形,并与理论分析和数学推导进行了比较。算例结果表明:MCSRs在一个周期内左右磁芯柱间交替磁化和退磁,即两侧的磁阀在该周期内交替饱和和非饱和;无论磁阀的饱和程度如何,在整个可调范围内,大截面铁心都不会出现饱和现象;工作电流与触发角的关系近似为余弦曲线。注意,磁饱和特性曲线的微小差异会显着影响MCSR的性能。再次,经过精心设计的电磁阀可有助于减少谐波。此外,在设计MCSR时,在选择分接比值时,应满足磁路的有效长度,磁芯材料的磁通密度,绕组电阻,绕组匝数和额定电压,否则可能会MCSR将无法正常运行。算例结果符合理论分析,为实际工程设计提供了有力的理论依据。

关键词：磁控并联电抗器(MCSR) 磁饱和电流波形仿真模型 ANSYS Maxwell(ANSYS)

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Fish-on-Chips:unveiling neural processing of chemicals in small animals through precise fluidic control

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2351-2353页

作者： samuel k.H.Sy Ho k. Division of Neurology Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Li k. Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong IslandHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Center Hong Kong Science ParkPak Shek KokNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Margaret k.L.Cheung Research Center for Management of Park.nsonism Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Lau Tat-chuen Research Center of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Precise chemical cue presentation alongside advanced brainwide imaging techniques is important to the study of chemosensory processing in ***,the dynamic nature of chemical-carrying media,such as water or air,poses a significant challenge for delivering highly-controlled chemical flow to an animal ***,contact-based cue manipulation and delivery easily shift the position of the animal subject,which is often undesirable for high-quality brain ***,more advanced interfacing tools that align with the diverse range of body part sizes of an animal,ranging from micrometer-scale neurons to meter-long limbs,are much *** is particularly crucial when dealing with dimensions that are beyond the reach of conventional experimental tools.

关键词： dealing precise sizes

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First Nationwide Survey on the Resistance to First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in Ghana

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2018年第1期6卷 68-80页

作者： k.nnedy k. addo Richard Owusu Christian Bonsu k.ak. Owusu-Dark. samuel O. addo Gloria I. Mensah Mercy J. Newman David Ofori-Adjei Frank.A. Bonsu Department of Bacteriology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Microbiology School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana National Tuberculosis Control Programme Accra Ghana

Back.round/objective: A nationwide survey on the resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs was conducted in Ghana from 2007-2008 by Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research in collaboration with the National Tuberculosis Control Programme. We aimed to characterize mycobacterial species causing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and determine the resistance pattern to first line anti-TB drugs among newly diagnosed and previously treated PTB patients in Ghana. Methods: Two sputum samples from consented new smear positive PTB patients who had never been treated for TB or had been on anti-TB treatment for less than a month and patients who had been treated for TB previously for more than a month in selected diagnostic centres nationwide were collected for culture, identification and drug susceptibility test. Culture positive isolates were tested against streptomycin (S), isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R) and ethambutol (E) using the simplified proportion method and line probe assay (LPA). The LPA was performed in mid-2017. Results: Among 410 samples, 345 positive cultures were obtained and identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Of the 345 isolates, 133 were further differentiated by GenoType MTBC®as M. tuberculosis, 126 (94.7%) and M. africanum 7 (5.3%). The overall drug resistance patterns were as follows: 43/345 (12.5%), 6/345 (1.7%), 9/345 (2.6%) and 71/345 (20.6%) were resistant to H, R, E and S respectively and 5/345 (1.4%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Conclusion: The results indicate high levels of resistance to S and H among new and previously treated TB patients. We recommend adequate surveillance systems including periodic national anti-TB drug resistance surveys.

关键词： Tuberculosis National Survey Drug Resistance Ghana

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Disagreement between symptom-reflux association analysis parameters in pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease investigation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第19期16卷 2401-2406页

作者： samuel C Lüthold Mascha k.Rochat Peter Bhler Division of Gastroenterology Departement of Pediatrics Hospital of Fribourg CH-1708 Fribourg Switzerland Asthma and Allergy Research Group University of Munich Lindwurmstrasse 4 D 80337 Munich Germany

AIM: To assess the agreement within 3 commonly used symptom-reflux association analysis (SAA) parameters investigating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants. METHODS: Twenty three infants with suspected GERD were included in this study. Symptom index (SI), Symptom sensitivity index (SSI) and symptom association probability (SAP) related to cough and irritability were calculated after 24 h combined pH/multiple intraluminal impedance (MII) monitoring. Through defined cutoff values, SI, SSI and SAP values are differentiated in normal and abnormal, whereas abnormal values point towards gastroesophageal reflux (GER) as the origin of symptoms. We analyzed the correlation and the concordance of the diagnostic classification of these 3 SAA ***: Evaluating the GER-irritability association, SI, SSI and SAP showed non-identical classification of normal and abnormal cases in 39.2% of the infants. When irritability was tak.n as a symptom, there was only a poor inter-parameter association between SI and SSI, and between SI and SAP (k.ndall’s tau b = 0.37, P k.ndall’s tau b = 0.36, P k.n as a symptom, only SI and SSI showed a poor inter-parameter association (k.ndall’s tau b = 0.33, P k.n into consideration when interpreting the results of SAA in infants.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Infant Symptom-reflux association analysis Intraluminal impedance monitoring pH

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Population-Based Tuberculosis Disease Prevalence Survey in Ghana: The Role and Lessons Learnt from the Laboratory

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第2期7卷 95-108页

作者： k.nnedy k.asi addo samuel Ofori addo Christian Bonsu Ezek.el Mensah Sarah Edusei Prosper Dedzo Michael Amo Omari samuel k.dzawu Honesty Ganu samuel k.mah Atiadevie Frank.Adae Bonsu Department of Bacteriology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Chest Clinic Laboratory Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana National Tuberculosis Control Programme Accra Ghana

Back.round: Bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) cases used in calculating TB prevalence in a country are obtained through laboratory examination of sputum specimens. Objective: This article describes laboratory processing of specimens, results overview, conclusions and k.y lessons learnt from the perspective of laboratory personnel involved in the conduct of TB disease prevalence survey in Ghana in 2013. Methods: Symptoms screening and Chest X-ray suggestive of TB were used to select participants who produced sputum to confirm TB cases using microscopy, culture and Xpert®MTB/RIF assay (GeneXpert). Results: A total of 15,935 single and paired sputum specimens were received from eligible participants. About half of Ziehl-Nielsen (129/263) and Auramine O (122/246) stained smear positives were scanty positive. Culture positivity rate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was 266/14,994 (1.7%) and 100/15,179 (0.7%) in Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media respectively;while non-tuberculous mycobacterium was 294/14,994 (1.96%) and 167/15,179 (1.1%). Total contamination rates in MGIT (5.4%) were higher than in LJ (1.7%). Prevalence of smear positive TB and bacteriologically confirmed TB among adult population (≥15 years) was estimated at 111 (95% CI: 76 - 145) and 356 (95% CI: 288 - 425) per 100,000 population respectively. Conclusions and Lessons Learnt: Direct supervision of specimen collection by well-trained laboratory personnel, timely transportation of specimens from field to laboratory, prompt specimen processing and use of electronic data management systems are essential for a reliable TB disease prevalence survey data. More importantly, strengthening human and logistical capacity of the laboratory must be of utmost priority.

关键词： Prevalence Survey Tuberculosis Laboratory Lessons Learnt Ghana

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