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Percutaneous coronary interventions in the elderly:a 10-year experience in Northern New England

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2005年第1期2卷 17-22页

作者： David j.Malenka james T.DeVries samuel j.shubrooks for the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group Section of Cardiology Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center LebanonNH Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences Dartmouth Medical SchoolHanoverNHUSA for the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group Section of Cardiology Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center LebanonNHUSA for the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group Division of Cardiology Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center BostonMAUSA Jr

Background There is a paucity of information available for clinical decision making applying to the elderly patient population. Therefore, data of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) including demographic information on the elderly patients, procedural practices, and outcomes are needed. Objectives and Methods From consecutive PCIs of participating institutions, demographics data, clinical, angiographic success and adverse clinical outcomes were collected. Standard statistical methods were used to compare crude differences in patient and procedural characteristics across age groups. Results At baseline, the prevalence of comorbid conditions ( renal failure and heart failure) increased with age. Unstable angina or a non-ST elevation MI were the most common indications for PCI across all age groups. Fewer patients ≥ 80 years old were undergoing primary PCI and older patients were somewhat less likely to receive a Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor blocker. Slightly more patients ≥ 80 years old underwent a 2-vessel PCI ( consistent with them having more multivessel disease) and these patients were more likely to have an intervention on a Type C lesion. Compared to patients ＜ 50 years old, those aged ≥ 70 years old had a significantly increased risk of death, MI, stroke, or vascular complications at the access site. Conclusions This study suggests increasing age is associated with increasing risk for an adverse outcome following PCI. This is in part attributable to case-mix but likely, also related to the changing physiology of aging. Despite the increased risk of the procedure, the clinical success rate for PCI is quite high and makes it a reasonable alternative for the treatment of CAD in the elderly.

关键词： coronary artery disease elderly percutaneous coronary intervention

Stent,drug,polymer——enefits,risks,and opportunities

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2006年第2期3卷 71-72页

作者： samuel j.shubrooks Interventional Cardiology Section Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School

　　It has been well established that use of drug-eluting stents has resulted in marked reduction in neointimal proliferation following stenting and that this is reflected clinically in a very significant decrease in late lumen loss, instent restenosis, and target lesion revascularization. This benefit occurs, however, in the setting of delayed endothelial and vascular wall healing with its potential for continuing thrombogenicity requiring more prolonged use of dual antiplatelet therapy to prevent stent thrombosis.……

关键词： enefits,risks,and opportunities Stent,drug,polymer

Single-atom Pt on carbon nanotubes for selective electrocatalysis

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 63-71页

作者： samuel S.Hardisty Xiaoqian Lin Anthony R.j.Kucernak David Zitoun Department of Chemistry Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials(BINA)Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael Department of Chemistry Molecular Science Research HubImperial College LondonLondonUK

Utilizing supported single atoms as catalysts presents an opportunity to reduce the usage of critical raw materials such as platinum,which are essential for electrochemical reactions such as hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Herein,we describe the synthesis of a Pt single electrocatalyst inside single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)via a redox reaction.Characterizations via electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy show the single-atom nature of the Pt.The electrochemical behavior of the sample to hydrogen and oxygen was investigated using the advanced floating electrode technique,which minimizes mass transport limitations and gives a thorough insight into the activity of the electrocatalyst.The single-atom samples showed higher HOR activity than state-of-the-art 30%Pt/C while almost no oxygen reduction reaction activity in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating range.The selective activity toward HOR arose as the main fingerprint of the catalyst confinement in the SWCNTs.

关键词： confinement electrocatalysis hydrogen platinum single atom catalysts

Constrained re-calibration of two-equation Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes models

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第2期14卷 82-89页

作者： Yuanwei Bin Xiaohan Hu jiaqi Li samuel j.Grauer Xiang I.A.Yang Department of Mechanical Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Machine-learned augmentations to turbulence models can be advantageous for flows within the training dataset but can often cause harm outside.This lack of generalizability arises because the constants(as well as the functions)in a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS)model are coupled,and un-constrained re-calibration of these constants(and functions)can disrupt the calibrations of the baseline model,the preservation of which is critical to the model's generalizability.To safeguard the behaviors of the baseline model beyond the training dataset,machine learning must be constrained such that basic calibrations like the law of the wall are kept intact.This letter aims to identify such constraints in two-equation RANS models so that future machine learning work can be performed without violating these constraints.We demonstrate that the identified constraints are not limiting.Furthermore,they help preserve the generalizability of the baseline model.

关键词： Machine learning Turbulence modeling Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes

Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 155-168页

作者： samuel j.CUSWORTH William j.DAVIES Martin R.MCAINSH Carly j.STEVENS Weilu WANG Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production systems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality and quantity, among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security, where sustainable plasticulture is a key agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently, plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics,specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

关键词： Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

Thermochemical co-conversion of biomass-plastic waste to biochar:a review

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期5卷 31-49页

作者： Adewale George Adeniyi Kingsley O.Iwuozor Ebuka Chizitere Emenike Oluwaseun j.Ajala samuel Ogunniyi Kabir B.Muritala Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of IlorinIlorinP.M.B.1515Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Landmark UniversityOmu-AranKwara StateP.M.B.1001Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaP.M.B.5025Nigeria Department of Chemistry Federal University of TechnologyBosso CampusMinnaNiger StateP.M.B.65Nigeria

Biomass and plastics are two of the most common municipal solid wastes globally that have continuously placed a burden on the environment.It is therefore important that they are properly recycled.Thermochemical coconversion offers a valuable opportunity to recycle biomass and plastics simultaneously into biochar,which reduces the time and cost of recycling them individually while producing a material with a wide range of applications.This study is a review of published literature that discusses the thermochemical co-processing of biomass and plastic wastes into biochar.It was observed that co-pyrolysis and co-hydrothermal carbonization are the most commonly utilized technologies for this process.The characteristics of different biomass and plastics that have been thermochemically converted into biochar were compared.The properties of the resulting biochar are affected by the feedstock composition,pre-treatment and blending ratio,the reactor’s configuration,reaction temperature,and the presence of a catalyst.Most studies found that treating the feedstocks separately resulted in a lower yield of biochar than processing them together.The biochar created by this procedure has been used as a soil additive and as an adsorbent for water treatment.Future perspectives and suggestions,such as the necessity for some technical advancement,biochar’s economic benefits,improved government participation,and raised social awareness,were also made.These factors have the potential to propel this field of study to great horizons.

关键词： Biomass Co-pyrolysis Plastic Thermochemical process Valorization

Academic productivity correlates with industry earnings in foot and ankle fellowship programs in the United States:A retrospective analysis

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World journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 129-138页

作者： Albert T Anastasio Anthony N Baumann Kempland C Walley Kyle j Hitchman Conor O’Neill jonathan Kaplan samuel B Adams Department of Orthopedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States College of Medicine Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOH 44272United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States School of Osteopathic Medicine Campbell UniversityLillingtonNC 27546United States

BACKGROUND The study investigates the connection between academic productivity and industry earnings in foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships.Utilizing metrics like the H-index and Open Payments Database(OPD)data,it addresses a gap in understanding the relationship between scholarly achievements and financial outcomes,providing a basis for further exploration in this specialized medical field.AIM To elucidate the trends between academic productivity and industry earnings across foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowship programs in the United States.METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis of the relationship between academic productivity and industry earnings of foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships at an individual faculty and fellowship level.Academic productivity was defined via H-index and recorded from the Scopus website.Industry earnings were recorded from the OPD.RESULTS Forty-eight foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships(100%of fellowships)in the United States with a combined total of 165 physicians(95.9%of physicians)were included.Mean individual physician(n=165)total life-time earnings reported on the OPD website was United States Dollar(USD)451430.30±1851084.89(range:USD 25.16-21269249.85;median:USD 27839.80).Mean physician(n=165)H-index as reported on Scopus is 14.24±12.39(range:0-63;median:11).There was a significant but weak correlation between individual physician H-index and individual physician total life-time earnings(P<0.001;Spearman’s rho=0.334)and a significant and moderate positive correlation between combined fellowship H-index and total life-time earnings per fellowship(P=0.004,Spearman’s rho=0.409).CONCLUSION There is a significant and positive correlation between academic productivity and industry earnings at foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships in the United States.This observation is true on an individual physician level as well as on a fellowship level.

关键词： Sunshine act Foot and ankle Orthopedic surgery Orthopedic fellowship Industry earnings

Exploring the effects of taurolidine on tumor weight and microvessel density in a murine model of osteosarcoma

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Oncology Research 2024年第7期32卷 1163-1172页

作者： LISANNE K.A.NEIjENHUIS LEUTA L.NAUMANN SONIA A.M.FERKEL samuel j.S.RUBIN STEPHAN ROGALLA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineStanford UniversityStanford94305USA Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden2333 ZAThe Netherlands Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden2333 CLThe Netherlands Department of General VisceralVascular and Thoracic SurgeryCharite University Medicine BerlinBerlin10117Germany

Background:Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary bone tumor.The prognosis for patients with disseminated disease remains very poor despite recent advancements in chemotherapy.Moreover,current treatment regimens bear a signiﬁcant risk of serious side effects.Thus,there is an unmet clinical need for effective therapies with improved safety proﬁles.Taurolidine is an antibacterial agent that has been shown to induce cell death in different types of cancer cell lines.Methods:In this study,we examined both the antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects of taurolidine in animal models of osteosarcoma.K7M2 murine osteosarcoma cells were injected,both intramuscular and intraperitoneal,into 60 BALB/c mice on day zero.Animals were then randomized to receive treatment with taurolidine 2%(800 mg/kg),taurolidine 1%(400 mg/kg),or NaCl 0.9%control for seven days by intravenous or intraperitoneal administration.Results:After 35 days,mice were euthanized,and the tumors were harvested for analysis.Eighteen mice were excluded from the analysis due to complications.Body weight was signiﬁcantly lower in the 2%taurolidine intraperitoneal treatment group from day 9 to 21,consistent with elevated mortality in this group.Intraperitoneal tumor weight was signiﬁcantly lower in the 1%(p=0.003)and 2%(p=0.006)intraperitoneal taurolidine treatment groups compared to the control.No antineoplastic effects were observed on intramuscular tumors or for intravenous administration of taurolidine.There were no signiﬁcant differences in microvessel density or mitotic rate between treatment groups.Reduced body weight and elevated mortality in the 2%taurolidine intraperitoneal group suggest that the lower 1%dose is preferable.Conclusions:In conclusion,there is no evidence of antiangiogenic activity,and the antitumor effects of taurolidine on osteosarcoma observed in this study are limited.Moreover,its toxic proﬁle grants further evaluation.Given these observations,further research is necessary to reﬁne the use of taurolidine in osteosarcoma tre

关键词： Osteosarcoma Taurolidine Cancer treatment Chemotherapy Murine models

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Introduction

journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2005年第1期2卷 2-2页

作者： samuel j.shubrooks Guest Editor Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Co-director Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Cardiovascular Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center jr. MD

Since the population worldwide is becoming increasingly older and heart disease, at least in much of the world, remains a leading cause of death, it is not surprising that there is growing interest in innovative metho... 详细信息

关键词： Introduction PCI