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combining material characterization with single and multi-oxyanion adsorption for mechanistic study of chromate removal by cationic hydrogel

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第6期23卷 1004-1010页

作者： Irene M.c.Lo samuel c.N.Tang Department of civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

cationic hydrogel with magnetic property was synthesized via radical polymerization and its removal capacity of chromate from contaminated water was found to be 200 mg/*** Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） study,the mechanism of chromate removal by hydrogel was found to be non-specific adsorption,mainly due to ion exchange,as evidenced by the positively charged functional group,trimethyl ammonium-N＋（cH3）3,in the *** were accordingly determined by testing di？erent oxyanion adsorption onto the *** results of the chromate adsorption experiments illustrated that the amount of chromate adsorbed was nearly equal to that of the chloride released from the hydrogel,which is part of the evidence for ion *** and multi-oxyanion adsorption experiments were also performed,and it was demonstrated that ion removal was species independent,but charge dependent,another characteristic of the ion exchange *** was found that the same Langmuir model can be applied to best fit the findings of single and multi-oxyanion adsorption,which further indicates the mechanism of chromate removal is attributed to ion *** view of the above,the background anions compete for adsorption sites with chromate,evidenced by inhibitive chromate removal in the presence of background electrolytes in the batch studies,further echoing the ion exchange mechanism.

关键词： adsorption magnetic hydrogel mechanism ion exchange oxyanion

Inaccuracies in the history of a well-known introduction:a case study of the Australian House Sparrow(Passer domesticus)

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chinese Birds 2016年第2期7卷 95-109页

作者： samuel c.Andrew Simon c.Griffith Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University

Background:Modern ecosystems contain many invasive species as a result of the activity of acclimatisation societies that operated in the second half of the nineteenth century,and these species provide good opportunities for studying invasion ***,to gain insight into the ecological and genetic mechanisms that determine the rate of colonization and adaptation to new environments,we need a good understanding of the history of the introduced species,and a knowledge of the source population,timing,and number of individuals introduced is particularly ***,any inaccuracies in the history of an introduction will affect subsequent assumptions and ***:Focusing on a single well-known species,the House Sparrow(Passer domesticus),we have documented the introduction into Australia using primary sources(*** records and newspaper articles).Results:Our revised history differs in a number of significant ways from previous *** evidence indicates that the House Sparrow was not solely introduced from source populations in England but also from Germany and most strikingly also from India—with the latter birds belonging to a different *** also clarify the distinction between the number released and the number of founders,due to pre-release captive breeding programs,as well as identifying inaccuracies in a couple of well-cited sources with respect to the range expansion of the introduced ***:Our work suggests that caution is required for those studying introductions using the key sources of historical information and ideally should review original sources of information to verify the accuracy of published accounts.

关键词： Acclimatisation Bottlenecks Propagule size Range expansion Hybridisation

Improving water use efficiency by integrating fish culture and irrigation in coconut based farming system:A case study in Kasaragod District of Kerala(India)

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第2期7卷 36-44页

作者： Manoj P.samuel A.c.Mathew National Academy of Agricultural Research Management Hyderabad-500030India central Plantation crops Research Institute KasaragodKerala-671124India

The crop production in the district of Kasaragod in Kerala State(India)is characterized by low input-low yield concept and rain-fed agriculture.A field study was conducted in Western Ghat region of the district to develop a suitable rainwater harvesting system adoptable to hilly terrains and to test its efficacy for improving the use efficiency of the harvested water by its multiple *** cost-benefit analysis of the water harvesting system was also carried out to find out its affordability to *** water harvesting system has been developed by integrating three components:(i)improving the productivity of coconut and component crops in the cropping units(ii)developing multiple water use systems,and(iii)the conjunctive use of the harvested water along with other surface and groundwater *** on the estimated annual costs and returns,the Benefit-cost ratio was found to be 1.69 and all other financial viability criteria(IRR and NPV)were also found favourable for investment on a lined water harvesting tank integrated with a micro-irrigation system and fish *** study suggested that the rainwater harvesting could be implemented as a viable alternative to conventional water supply or on-farm irrigation projects considering the fact that any land anywhere can be used to harvest ***,the water use efficiency can be improved through effective harvesting and subsequent multiple uses of stored water.

关键词： rainwater harvesting water use efficiency plastic lined tank seepage loss fish culture financial viability

Targeting α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: a future potential for neuroprotection from traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1552-1554页

作者： samuel S.Shin c.Edward Dixon Department of Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medica Center

Traumatic brain injury （TBI） poses a significant socioeconomic burden in the world. The long lasting consequences in cognitive impairments are often underreported and its mechanisms are unclear. In this perspective, cholinergic dysfunction and thera-peutic strategy targeting this will be reviewed. Novel agents that can target specific subtype of acetylcholine receptors have been developed over the recent years and are at various stages of development, which include AR-R 17779, GTS-21, SSR- 180711A, AR-R17779, and PNU-282987. A detailed review on this topic has been previously published （Shin and Dixon, 2015）.

关键词： TBI nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Targeting a future potential for neuroprotection from traumatic brain injury Ach

Multi-objective optimization in highway pavement maintenance and rehabilitation project selection and scheduling:A state-of-the-art review

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Journal of Road Engineering 2023年第3期3卷 239-251页

作者： Mohammadhosein Pourgholamali samuel Labi Kumares c.Sinha Lyles School of civil Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

The motivation for cost-effective management of highway pavements is evidenced not only by the massive expenditures associated with these activities at a national level but also by the consequences of poor pavement condition on road *** paper presents a state-of-the-art review of multi-objective optimization(MOO)problems that have been formulated and solution techniques that have been used in selecting and scheduling highway pavement rehabilitation and maintenance ***,the paper presents a taxonomy and hierarchy for these activities,the role of funding sources,and levels of *** paper then describes how three different decision mechanisms have been used in past research and practice for project selection and scheduling(historical practices,expert opinion,and explicit mathematical optimization)and identifies the pros and cons of each *** paper then focuses on the optimization mechanism and presents the types of optimization problems,formulations,and objectives that have been used in the ***,the paper examines various solution algorithms and discusses issues related to their ***,the paper identifies some barriers to implementing multi-objective optimization in selecting and scheduling highway pavement rehabilitation and maintenance activities,and makes recommendations to overcome some of these barriers.

关键词： Multi-objective optimization Highway pavement Rehabilitation Maintenance Project selection Project scheduling Decision mechanism Pavement management

critical review of the impact of cover crops on soil properties

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International Soil and Water conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 343-354页

作者： Komlan Koudahe samuel cAllen Koffi Djaman Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department Kansas State University1016 Seaton Hall920 N.Martin Luther King Jr.DriveManhattanKS66506USA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State UniversityAgricultural Science Center at FarmingtonP.O.Box 1018FarmingtonNM87499USA

Grasses as well as leguminous and non-leguminous broadleaves are the major categories of commonly grown cover crops *** review focuses on the contribution of cover crops to soil *** review first considers the single and mixed cover crops and shows that grass species are desirable for their decay and ability to provide substantial soil cover,broadleaf species are used for their quick decomposition and capacity of releasing residues into the soil,while the leguminous species are used for their ability to fix atmospheric ***,the impacts of cover crops on soil health are *** cover crops into conventional cropping systems may reduce soil bulk density,improve soil structure and hydraulic properties to facilitate increased water infiltration and *** residue additions from cover crops may enhance soil organic c and N accretion as well as increase availability of P,K,ca,Fe and Mg in some soil types under certain climatic ***,cover crops may provide a better condition for microbial activity,abundance,and ***,the review shows that through proper management,cover crops may be utilized as an essential component of soil conservation practices for enhanced soil ***,further investigation is necessary to determine cover crop effects in additional cropping systems and climatic zones as well as the long-term effects of cover crops on soil properties,subsequent crop yield,and overall cropping system *** review is an important source of information for crop growers,crop management institutions,universities,and crop consultants for sustainable agricultural production.

关键词： cover crops Soil properties Grasses Leguminous

Disagreement between symptom-reflux association analysis parameters in pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease investigation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第19期16卷 2401-2406页

作者： samuel c Lüthold Mascha K Rochat Peter Bhler Division of Gastroenterology Departement of Pediatrics Hospital of Fribourg CH-1708 Fribourg Switzerland Asthma and Allergy Research Group University of Munich Lindwurmstrasse 4 D 80337 Munich Germany

AIM: To assess the agreement within 3 commonly used symptom-reflux association analysis (SAA) parameters investigating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants. METHODS: Twenty three infants with suspected GERD were included in this study. Symptom index (SI), Symptom sensitivity index (SSI) and symptom association probability (SAP) related to cough and irritability were calculated after 24 h combined pH/multiple intraluminal impedance (MII) monitoring. Through defined cutoff values, SI, SSI and SAP values are differentiated in normal and abnormal, whereas abnormal values point towards gastroesophageal reflux (GER) as the origin of symptoms. We analyzed the correlation and the concordance of the diagnostic classification of these 3 SAA ***: Evaluating the GER-irritability association, SI, SSI and SAP showed non-identical classification of normal and abnormal cases in 39.2% of the infants. When irritability was taken as a symptom, there was only a poor inter-parameter association between SI and SSI, and between SI and SAP (Kendall’s tau b = 0.37, P ctively). Evaluating the GER-cough association, SI, SSI and SAP showed non-identical classification of normal and abnormal cases in 52.2% of the patients. When cough was taken as a symptom, only SI and SSI showed a poor inter-parameter association (Kendall’s tau b = 0.33, P cONcLUSION: In infants investigated for suspected GERD with pH/MII-monitoring, SI, SSI and SAP showed a poor inter-parameter association and important dis-agreements in diagnostic classification. These limitations must be taken into consideration when interpreting the results of SAA in infants.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Infant Symptom-reflux association analysis Intraluminal impedance monitoring pH

Unravelling the competitive effect of microstructural features on the fracture toughness and tensile properties of near beta titanium alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第2期97卷 101-112页

作者： Yang Liu samuel c.V.Lim chen Ding Aijun Huang Matthew Weyland Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia Monash centre for Additive Manufacturing Monash UniversityNotting HillVIC3168Australia BAOWU Special Metallurgy co.Ltd. Shanghai200940China Monash centre for Electron Microscopy Monash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia

The competitive effect of microstructural features including primaryα(α_(p)),secondaryα(α_(s)),grain boundaryα(α_(GB)) and β grain size on mechanical properties of a near β Ti alloy were studied with two heat treatment *** relative effect of β grain size and STA(solution treatment and ageing)processing parameters on mechanical properties were quantitatively explored by the application of Taguchi *** results were further explained via correlating microstructure with the fracture toughness and tensile *** was found that large numbers of fine as precipitates and continuous α_(s) played greater roles than other features,resulting in a high strength and very low ductility(cess *** β grain size had a negative correlation with fracture *** the samples prepared by BAScA( β anneal slow cooling and ageing)process,improved ductility and fracture toughness were obtained due to a lower density ofα;precipitates,a basket-weave structure and zigzag morphology of α_(GB).For this heat treatment,an increase in prior β grain size had an observable positive effect on fracture *** contradictory effect of β grain size on fracture toughness found in literature was for the first time *** was shown that the microstructure obtained from different processes after β solution has complex effect on mechanical *** complexity derived from the competition between microstructure features and the overall sum of their effect on fracture toughness and tensile properties.A novel table was proposed to quasi-quantitatively unravel these competitive effects.

关键词： Nearβtitanium alloys Microstructural features competitive effect Fracture toughness βgrain size effect

Molecular Dynamics Study of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Lipid Layer Self-Assembly onto a Single-Walled carbon Nanotube

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Nano Research 2009年第12期2卷 945-954页

作者： Hongming Wang Servaas Michielssens samuel L.c.Moors Arnout ceulemans Laboratory of Quantum chemistry Department of Chemistry and INPAC Institute for Nanoscale Physics and ChemistryKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenBelgium

Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)are possible nano-injectors and delivery vehicles of molecular probes and drugs into *** order to explore the interaction between lipid membranes and carbon nanotubes,we investigate the binding mechanism of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine(DPPc)with SWNTs by molecular *** low concentration range simulations,the DPPc molecules form a supramolecular two-layered cylindrical structure wrapped around the carbon nanotube *** hydrophobic part of DPPc is adsorbed on the surface of the nanotube,and the hydrophilic top is oriented towards the aqueous *** higher concentration ranges,the DPPc molecules are found to form a supramolecular multi-layered structure wrapped around the carbon nanotube *** the saturation point a membrane-like structure is self-assembled with a width of 41.4Å,which is slightly larger than the width of a cell *** study sheds light on the existing confl icting simulation data on adsorption of single-chained phospholipids.

关键词： cell membrane molecular dynamics carbon nanotubes self-assembly nano-injector