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Nitrogen-based fertilizers differentially affect protist community composition in paddy field soils

SOIL ECOLOGY LETTERS 2024年第3期6卷 230221-230221页

作者： Bodur, Seda Ozer samuel, solomon oloruntoba Suzuki, Kazuki Harada, Naoki Asiloglu, Rasit Niigata Univ Grad Sch Sci & Technol Niigata Japan North Carolina State Univ Dept Plant & Microbial Biol Raleigh NC USA Niigata Univ Inst Sci & Technol Niigata Japan

Nitrogen fertilizers' effects on protists in three paddy field soils were *** nitrogen fertilizers had distinctive effects on the protist *** effect of nitrogen fertilizers on protist communities slightly depended on the soil *** protists were the main groups that were affected by nitrogen *** are one of the most diverse and dominant microbial groups and they play critical roles in the soil ecosystem. Although nitrogen fertilizers have a profound impact on protist communities, still less is known about how different nitrogen fertilizer types affect protist community composition in different soil types. Here we investigated the effects of six inorganic nitrogen fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate) and an organic fertilizer (a mixture of rice husk and cow manure) on protist community composition in three paddy field soils using a high-throughput sequencing method. The effect of the fertilizers on the functional groups of protists, namely consumers (predators and decomposers), photoautotrophs, and parasites (plant pathogens and animal parasites) was also analyzed. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizers had distinctive effects on the beta diversity of the protists, while we also observed that the same fertilizer had slightly different effects depending on the soil type. Amoebozoa and Rhizaria were the most affected protist taxonomical groups, while predatory protists were the main functional groups that were affected by nitrogen fertilizers. Random forest analysis showed that most of the fertilizer-affected protists were predators, among which Cercozoa was the most affected taxa. In conclusion, our results provide important insights into the impact of nitrogen fertilizers on soil protist communities.

关键词： nitrogen fertilizer bottom-up paddy field predatory protist soil protist community

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Effect of structure parameters on forces acting on baffles used in gas-solids fluidized beds

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Particuology 2022年第2期20卷 111-119页

作者： Duiping Liu Yongmin Zhang Shuhao Zhang Adefarati oloruntoba Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy National Engineering Laboratory for MTODalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

Effects of some important structural parameters,*** pitch,and layout position,on dynamic forces acting on the baffles were examined in the fluidized bed of FCC particles operating under different superficial gas *** experimental baffles were made of multiple inclined *** found that the forces acting on the baffles decreased significantly with reducing pitch between the *** the baffles with a small slat pitch,the forces acting on the baffles increased slightly and then decreased with increasing superficial gas velocity,which is very different from the measured results of a single slat or tube immersed in fluidized *** different results are greatly related to the appearance of the“gas cushion”beneath the baffles,whose height increases with increasing superficial gas *** the other hand,a region with stronger particle circulation induced by the inclined slat array was observed in the *** slat near the wall and located below the region of downward-flowing particles was found to be subjected to the severest ***,the slats located in similar locations of industrial baffles are suggested to be reinforced to increase their structural strength.

关键词： Baffle Experiment Fluidized bed Force Slat

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)concentrations in soil,sediment and water samples around electronic wastes dumpsites in Lagos,Nigeria

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 206-215页

作者： oloruntoba Kike Omotayo Sindiku Oladele Osibanjo Roland Weber Department of Chemistry University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Raw Materials Research and Development Council AbujaNigeria POPs Environmental Consulting Schw€abischGmündGermany Department of Biological Sciences Lead City UniversityIbadanNigeria

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)were listed in the Stockholm Convention as POPs because of their bio-accumulative,long-range and toxicity ***,these should be managed and assessed by Parties of the convention in an environmentally sound *** present study assessed the status of PBDEs contamination at e-waste dumpsites in Lagos,*** and sediment samples were collected from 3 e-waste dumpsites and water samples were collected from rain water ponds located within the e-waste dumpsites vicinities and control sites over a period of two *** concentrations of ∑7PBDEs in soils from the e-waste dumpsites at 0e15 cm depth for the first and second year ranged from 141 to 302 ngg^(-1)dry weight,respectively while that of the control soils was 13.2 e27.2ngg^(-1)dry *** high concentrations may be attributed to the fact that open burning of electronic waste was the regular method of reducing the volume of e-waste at the *** levels across the soil profile from 0 to 45 cm depth showed a gradual increase in PBDEs accumulation in the topsoil and migration into the sub-soil over the period of 2 years,but with no significant difference(pvalue=0.89).Sediments and water from the rain water ponds around the dumpsites were found to be contaminated by PBDEs with levels ranging from 51.4 to 85.8ngg^(-1)and 14.4 to 27.4ngg^(-1),respectively,while levels in control for sediment and water are 11.5ngg^(-1)and 2.43ngg^(-1)***,however indicates that there was significance difference between the PBDEs levels in water and sediment from the study sites with those of their respective controls(p-value for water was 0.01,while that for sediment was 0.03).The levels of PBDEs in this study sites were higher than those of the respective *** range of PBDEs in e-waste dumpsites was comparable to those reported in USA and Europe but lower than those from *** samples from the e-waste dumpsites in Lagos were con

关键词： PBDEs soil listed

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Atmospheric Corrosion Studies of Ductile Iron and Austenitic Stainless Steel in an Extreme Marine Environment

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第9期11卷 914-918页

作者： Olasupo Ogundare Babaniyi Babatope Adelana Razaq Adetunji samuel Olugbenga oloruntoba Olusunle Department of Materials Science and Engineering ObafemiAwolowo University Ile Ife. Nigeria Department of Physics ObafemiAwolowo University Ile Ife. Nigeria National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure Abuja. Nigeria Prototype Engineering Development Institute Ilesa Nigeria

This paper presents the corrosion characteristics and the accompanying changes in the microstructure of unalloyed duc-tile iron (DI) and austenitic stainless steel (ASS) in table salt medium representing an upper limit in an extreme marine environment. The individual corrosion rates of DI and ASS was evaluated for the maximum time period of 1200 hr. Using the immersion test technique, the corrosion rate of DI was evaluated and found to be four-orders of magnitude greater than that of ASS. The corrosion product morphologies of the DI showed that the nodular matrix was gradually covered up as immersion time progressed while the corrosion channels and volume of pits that initially formed in ASS respectively deepened and increased with increased exposure time. This work is important as a reference point for the quantification of the corrosion effectiveness of alloying DI. The microstructures of the corroded samples showed corro-sion initiation and gradual accumulation of corrosion products.

关键词： Atmospheric Corrosion Ductile IronL Austenitic Stainless Steel Sodium Chloride And Microstructure

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Evaluation of Effects of Synthetic Compound and Mineral Admixture on Crystal Structure of Concrete

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2015年第3期3卷 134-141页

作者： samuel oloruntoba Olugbenga Olusunle Theresa Chikwuo Ezenwafor Bidemi Sikirat Jiddah-Kazeem Akeem Kareem Ojo Jeremiah Akinribide Adekunle Taofeek Oyelami Engineering Materials Development Institute Akure Nigeria

The effects of mineral admixture on the internal morphology of concrete were studied and evaluated in this work. Portland cement with five different additives was used in the complex admixture. These includes: extracted silica from corn hob ash, synthetic calcium carbonate, synthetic calcium hydrogen carbonate, white and dark kaolin, each replacing 10% of cement in the concrete formulation. The additives and the pure cements were subjected to intensive mixing to ensure homogeneity prior to water addition, after which each undergoes casting and curing. Elemental characterizations of the additives indicated the presence of some elemental oxides and crystallography studies were carried out on the pure and reinforced concrete. The obtained result indicated crystallographic adjustments of the indigenous concrete which will definitely contribute to modifying its mechanical properties.

关键词： Synthetic Carbonates Crystallography Elemental Characterization

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Effect of Organic Waste on Crystal Structure and Mechanical Properties of Concrete

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2015年第5期3卷 427-434页

The influence of organic waste as an additive to concrete formulation has been studied by replacing up to 10% of cement ratio with locally sourced organic additive. The reference cement used was Portland cement;three different organic wastes were used in the mixture: periwinkle shell, extracted silica from corn hob ash and coconut shell ash. Uniform distribution of the additive was ensured by thorough mixing prior to water addition. Casting and curing of the concrete were done in line with established standard. The compressive strength test was carried out using the Instron universal testing machine and the oxides of elemental composition of the cement and the additives were determined using EDXRF Spectrometer (EDX 3600B) while the crystallography studies were carried out using EMMA) X-ray diffractometer . The result obtained indicated that there was a significant difference between the value of density, packing efficiency and compressive strength of each reinforced concrete with that of the reference cement which was attributable to the presence of additives. The cement formulation with silica as admixture was found to have the highest compressive strength of 217.94 MPa, while the reference cement had the lowest compressive strength of 81.45 MPa. This study has established that locally sourced organic additives (emerging additives), influence the mechanical properties of concretes.

关键词： High Strength Concrete (HSC) Organic Waste Compressive Strength Elemental Characterization

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Impact of Informal Auto-Mobile Mechanic Workshops Activities on Groundwater Quality in Ibadan, Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第7期12卷 590-606页

作者： Elizabeth O. oloruntoba Toluwanimi O. Ogunbunmi Department of Environmental Health Sciences Faculty of Public Health College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

The detrimental effect of the activities in informal auto-mobile mechanic workshops is a major public health concern;and its impact on groundwater contamination cannot be ignored. We assessed the effect of activities of mechanics in auto-mobile workshops on the quality of groundwater sources. Water samples were collected from hand dug wells situated within 0 to 50 metres in twenty auto-mobile workshops randomly selected across three zones. A residential area was selected as the control site. Analysis of water for some physico-chemical parameters (pH, TDS, Electrical Conductivity, Alkalinity, Oil and Grease) and the heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, and Pb) was done using standard methods. Sanitary inspection was also carried out at each well location. Results were compared with the control and regulatory standards Nigerian Industrial Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NISDQW) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. Results revealed that mean values of pH, TDS and Electrical conductivity for the three zones, Alphonso, Temidire, and Ojoo were within WHO limits. The concentrations of Cu, Cd Cr and Pb in the water samples ranged from 0.02 - 6.12 mg/l, 0.1 - 2.19 mg/l, 0.2 - 0.79 mg/l and 0.02 - 35.8 mg/l across the three zones respectively. Mean concentrations of Cu (mg/l) were significantly higher in Alphonso (2.5 ± 2.06) than in other zones. Mean concentration of Cr (mg/l) was 0.34 ± 0.28, 0.37 ± 0.13 and 0.31 ± 0.3 for Alphonso, Temidire and Ojoo respectively. Cadmium was also present in all the zones but Pb was only detected in Alphonso. The mean concentrations for heavy metals were significantly higher when compared with the permissible limits for both NISDQW and WHO. The degree of groundwater contamination indicates poor water quality in the study area, and this requires regular monitoring. Enforcement of environmental regulations guiding activities of auto-mechanics should be done so that they can embrace environmentally friendly prac

关键词： Auto-Mobile Workshops Contamination Heavy Metals Groundwater

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Electrical Properties of Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>Thin Film Using Spin Coating Method

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2014年第1期2卷 15-20页

作者： Ayodele Abeeb Daniyan Lasisi Ejibunu Umoru Adeniyi Yisau Fasasi Joseph Olatunde Borode Kunle Michael Oluwasegun samuel oloruntoba Olugbenga Olusunle Centre for Energy and Research Development Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Engineering Materials Development Institute Akure Nigeria

This work investigated the electrical properties of TiO2 thin film on empty glass and ITO glass by spin coating method. Highly transparent titanium oxide thin films were prepared on empty glass and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) from a titanium (III) chloride precursor. The sheet resistance of the film prepared from both the synthesised and the commercially available TiO2 was measured by the Keithley four-point probe tester (KFPPT). A comparable sheet resistance of 10.69E + 00 Ω/sq was obtained on the ITO. The electrical conductivity of the TiO2 film on ITO glass substrate was found to be very high (3.46E + 05 Ω-1?cm-1) and comparable to that of the bare ITO glass.

关键词： Titanium Oxide ITO Spin Coating KFPPT Sheet Resistance and Conductivity

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Design and Development of Grip for Circular Test Piece Inuniversal Tensile Testing Machine

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2013年第6期1卷 331-335页

作者： Ojo Jeremiah Akinribide Adetunji Kolawole Ogunkoya Itopa Monday Momoh Olasupo Daniel Ogundare Ba’aku Emmanuel AttahDaniel samuel Olugbenga oloruntoba Olusunle Engineering Materials Development Institute Akure Nigeria

The design and development of jaw grip for circular tensile test samples in a universal mechanical tester were undertaken in this work. In developing economies, the cost of acquiring laboratory testing equipment and accessories is huge, thereby depriving most of the supposedly advanced laboratories of most of this necessary research equipment. Where the equipment is available, they are either non-functional due to inadequate maintenance know-how or non-availability of necessary accessories. The developed grip in this work is part of an effort at providing accessories as their need arises. Advanced design and manufacturing tools were deployed to develop the jaw grip by using austenitic stainless steel. The developed jaw grip was used on the test equipment to conduct tensile tests on steel samples and the results were found to conform to international standard. Consequently, replacement of worn-out accessories has been carried out in resent time, which eventually saves idle time of equipment or otherwise importation for replacement.

关键词： Mechanical Testing Tensile Test Jaw Grip

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Adansonia digitata aqueous leaf extract ameliorates dexamethasone-induced testicular injury in male Wistar rats

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2021年第3期10卷 113-120页

作者： Joseph Babatunde Dare Abdulfatai Olakunle Ojewale Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan John Adakole Adole Gloria Enevwo Okotie Christopher oloruntoba Akintayo Ayobami Dare Department of Anatomy Osun State UniversityCollege of Health SciencesOsogboOsunNigeria Department of Anatomy Bingham University KaruNasarawa StateNigeria Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesLagos State UniversityCollege of MedicineIkejaLagosNigeria Laboratory for Reproductive Biology and Developmental Programming Department of PhysiologyEdo UniversityUzairueIyamhoEdo StateNigeria Department of Physiology University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Physiology Afe Babalola UniversityAdo-EkitiEkitiNigeria Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesBingham UniversityKaruNasarawa StateNigeria

Objective:To evaluate the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Adansonia(A.)digitata L on dexamethasone-induced testicular damage in male Wistar ***:Twenty adult male Wistar rats weighing 170-190 g were divided into four ***Ⅰreceived 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer orally for 28 days and served as the normal control group;groupⅡreceived 10 mg/kg of dexamethasone(a synthetic glucocorticoid)intraperitoneally for 7 days and 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer orally for 21 days,groupⅢreceived 10 mg/kg of dexamethasone for 7 days and 800 mg/kg of *** extract orally for 21 days;groupⅣreceived 10 mg/kg of dexamethasone for 7 days and 300 mg/kg of vitamin-E orally for 21 *** was administered intra-peritoneally for 7 days and all administration lasted for 28 *** rats were sacrificed by anesthesia with diethyl ether and the testes of each animal were *** testis was homogenized in 0.25 M sucrose at 4℃for biochemical and histological ***:Administration of dexamethasone significantly decreased body weight,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)(P<0.05),and significantly increased malondialdehyde(MDA)activities(P<0.05).The degeneration in the population of spermatogonia and vacuolation and abnormal widening of the interstitial spaces were observed in the rats treated with ***,administration of *** significantly increased SOD,GPx,G6PDH,and LDH levels,significantly decreased MDA activities and improved the histoarchitecture of the testis(P<0.05).Conclusions:*** may have an ameliorative effect on dexamethasone-induced testicular damage in Wistar rats because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

关键词： Adansonia digitata L Dexamethasone Vitamin E Testis Oxidative stress Wistar rats

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