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Review of deep learning-based weed identification in crop fields

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第4期16卷 1-10页

作者： Wenze Hu samuel oliver wane Junke Zhu Dongsheng Li Qing Zhang Xiaoting Bie Yubin Lan School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000ShandongChina Department of Agricultural Engineering Harper Adams UniversityNewport TF108NBShropshireUK School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000ShandongChina Academy of Ecological Unmanned Farm Zibo 255000ShandongChina

Automatic weed identification and detection are crucial for precision weeding *** recent years,deep learning(DL)has gained widespread attention for its potential in crop weed *** paper provides a review of the current research status and development trends of weed identification in crop fields based on *** an analysis of relevant literature from both within and outside of China,the author summarizes the development history,research progress,and identification and detection methods of DL-based weed identification *** is placed on data sources and DL models applied to different technical ***,the paper discusses the challenges of time-consuming and laborious dataset preparation,poor generality,unbalanced data categories,and low accuracy of field identification in DL for weed *** solutions are proposed to provide a reference for future research directions in weed identification.

关键词： deep learning weed detection weed classification cation image segmentation Convolutional Neural Network image processing

Spreading depression and focal venous cerebral ischemia enhance cortical neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第8期12卷 1278-1286页

作者： Ryo Tamaki samuel Ige Orie Beat Alessandri oliver Kempski Axel Heimann Department of Neurosurgery Nara Medical University University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology

Endogenous neurogenesis can arise from a variety of physiological stimuli including exercise, learning, or ＂enriched environment＂ as well as pathological conditions such as ischemia, epilepsy or cortical spreading depression. Whether all these conditions use a common trigger to set off endogenous neurogenesis is yet unclear. We hypothesized that cortical spreading depression（CSD） induces neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus after cerebral venous ischemia. Forty-two Wistar rats alternatively underwent sham operation（Sham）, induction of ten CSDs or venous ischemia provoked via occlusion of two adjacent superficial cortical vein followed by ten induced CSDs（CSD ＋ 2-VO）. As an additional control, 15 na？ve rats received no intervention except 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine（Brd U） treatment for 7 days. Sagittal brain slices（40 μm thick） were co-stained for Brd U and doublecortin（DCX; new immature neuronal cells） on day 9 or Neu N（new mature neuronal cells） on day 28. On day 9 after sham operation, cell proliferation and neurogenesis occurred in the cortex in rats. The sole induction of CSD had no effect. But on days 9 and 28, more proliferating cells and newly formed neurons in the ipsilateral cortex were observed in rats subjected to CSD ＋ 2VO than in rats subjected to sham operation. On days 9 and 28, cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus was increased in sham-operated rats than in na？ve rats. Our data supports the hypothesis that induced cortical neurogenesis after CSD ＋ 2-VO is a direct effect of ischemia, rather than of CSD alone.

关键词： nerve regeneration cortical spreading depression two-vein occlusion adult neurogenesis stem cells cerebral cortex neural precursor cells neuron penumbra neural regeneration

The role of dietary nitrate supplementation in neurovascular function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1419-1420页

作者： Masahiro Horiuchi Gabriella M.K.Rossetti samuel J.oliver Division of Human Environmental Science Mount Fuji Research InstituteYamanashiJapan School of Sport Health and Exercise SciencesCollege of Human SciencesBangor UniversityBangorUK

A healthy diet combined with increased physical activity levels may protect against cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairments(Gorelick et al., 2011).Compared with the number of studies on the effects of physical activity, studies on how diet affects cerebral blood flow(CBF) regulation and cognitive function are relatively ***, we focus on the potential role of dietary nitrate supplementation in CBF regulation and cognitive function under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

关键词： al. nitrate conditions.

Sodium Diffuses from Glass Substrates through P1 Lines and Passivates Defects in Perovskite Solar Modules

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第6期6卷 393-401页

作者： Felix Utama Kosasih Francesco Di Giacomo Jordi Ferrer Orri Kexue Li Elizabeth M.Tennyson Weiwei Li Fabio Matteocci Gunnar Kusch Narges Yaghoobi Nia Rachel A.oliver Judith L.MacManus-Driscoll Katie L.Moore samuel D.Stranks Aldo Di Carlo Giorgio Divitini Caterina Ducati Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridge CB30FSUK Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy(CHOSE) Department of Electronic EngineeringUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome 00133Italy Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK Department of Materials and Photon Science Institute University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUK Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30ASUK Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy(LASE) National University of Science and Technology MISiSLeninskiy Prospekt 4Moscow 119049Russia Energy Research Institute@NTU Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637553Singapore MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics College of PhysicsNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR(ISM-CNR) Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100Rome 00133Italy Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genova 16163Italy

Most thin-film photovoltaic modules are constructed on soda-lime glass(SLG)substrates containing alkali oxides,such as Na_(2)*** may diffuse from SLG into a module's active layers through P1 lines,an area between a module's constituent cells where the substrate-side charge transport layer(CTL)is in direct contact with *** diffusion from SLG is known to cause several important effects inⅡ-Ⅵand chalcogenide solar modules,but it has not been studied in perovskite solar modules(PSMs).In this work,we use complementary microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to show that Na diffusion occurs in the fabrication process of *** diffuses vertically inside P1 lines and then laterally from P1 lines into the active area for up to 360 *** propose that this process is driven by the high temperatures the devices are exposed to during CTL and perovskite *** diffused Na preferentially binds with Br,forming Br-poor,l-rich perovskite and a species rich in Na and Br(Na-Br)close to P1 ***-Br passivates defect sites,reducing non-radiative recombination in the perovskite and boosting its luminescence by up to 5×.Na-Br is observed to be stable after 12 weeks of device storage,suggesting long-lasting effects of Na *** results not only point to a potential avenue to increase PSM performance but also highlight the possibility of unabated Na diffusion throughout a module's lifetime,especially if accelerated by the electric field and elevated temperatures achievable during device operation.

关键词： defect passivation monolithic interconnection perovskite solar modules soda-lime glass sodium diffusion solar cells thin-film photovoltaics

Accelerating material design with the generative toolkit for scientific discovery

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1649-1654页

作者： Matteo Manica Jannis Born Joris Cadow Dimitrios Christofidellis Ashish Dave Dean Clarke Yves Gaetan Nana Teukam Giorgio Giannone samuel C.Hoffman Matthew Buchan Vijil Chenthamarakshan Timothy Donovan Hsiang Han Hsu Federico Zipoli oliver Schilter Akihiro Kishimoto Lisa Hamada Inkit Padhi Karl Wehden Lauren McHugh Alexy Khrabrov Payel Das Seiji Takeda John R.Smith IBM Research Europe-Zurich RüschlikonSwitzerland IBM Research-UK HursleyUK IBM Research-Yorktown Heights New YorkUSA IBM Research-Tokyo TokyoJapan IBM Research-Almaden San JoseUSA

With the growing availability of data within various scientific domains,generative models hold enormous potential to accelerate scientific *** harness powerful representations learned from datasets to speed up the formulation of novel hypotheses with the potential to impact material discovery *** present the Generative Toolkit for Scientific Discovery(GT4SD).This extensible open-source library enables scientists,developers,and researchers to train and use state-of-the-art generative models to accelerate scientific discovery focused on organic material design.

关键词： enable scientific formulation

Prevalence and Predictors of High-Risk HPV in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 745-757页

作者： Aigbe Gregory Ohihoin Patrick Azuka Okwuraiwe Adesola Zaidat Musa Gbenga Olorunfemi Chika Kingsley Onwuamah Fehintola Ige Olufemi samuel Amoo Rosemary Audu Felix Okogbo Babafemi Daniyan Terrumun Swende Geoffrey Chukwubuike Onyemelukwe Haruna Daru Hadiza Usman Oladapo Shittu Jonah Musa oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi Innocent Achanya Ujah Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) Lagos Nigeria School of Public Health University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa College of Medicine Ambrose Alli University Edo State Nigeria National Obstetric Fistula Center Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Benue State University Benue State Nigeria Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Kaduna State Nigeria University of Jos Jos Nigeria University of Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria

Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among the female population in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV), the main causative agent, has the potential to eradicate cervical cancer. In-country evidence of sub-types of HPV associated with cervical cancer is scanty, thus necessitating this study. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a multistage sampling technique. A molecular technique using the Cobas 4800 machine was used for genotyping. Results: 570 participants were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants was 32.4 ± 5.2 years. The age of sexual debut ranged from 15 - 24 years with a median of 19 years. 194 participants were positive for high-risk HPV giving a prevalence of 34%. 3% (n = 17) were positive for HPV, 16. 4% (23) had a positive result for HPV, 18. 27% (n = 154) had a positive result for other high-risk groups (OHR) other than HPV 16 or 18. Positive status for high-risk HPV is associated with the presence of genital warts (OR = 7.5), a Positive HIV status (OR = 3.48), abnormal vaginal discharge (OR = 2.20), multiple sexual partners (OR = 2.30), and obesity (OR = 2.70). The prevalence of HIV in the study population was 6.84% (n = 39). Conclusion: Another High-risk HPV other than 16 and 18 appears to be the predominant form of HPV infection in Nigerian women. The risk of being positive for high-risk HPV is associated with the presence of genital warts, abnormal vaginal discharge, a positive HIV status, multiple sexual partners and Obesity. It is therefore necessary to disaggregate and study these high-risk sub-types.

关键词： HPV Cervical Cancer Prevalence Predictors Nigeria

Uncovering the roles of CAST/ELKS protein family in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity

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Uncovering the roles of CAST/ELKS protein family in the regu...

Outcome of Symptom-Based RT-PCR Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Experience from a Large Public Testing Centre in Nigeria

中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Wei Dong Monica Montesinos Matthias Lübbert R.oliver Goral Travis Putzke Kevin Goff Debbie Guerrero-Given Akari Hagiwara Maya Yamazaki Manabu Abe Kenji Sakimura Naomi Kamasawa Toshihisa Ohtsuka samuel M.Young,Jr Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research Southwest Medical University

Synapses utilize a network of proteins, the cytomatrix at the active zone(CAZ) to tightly regulate synaptic strength and SV release kinetics to match the changing needs of the neuronal circuit. The CAST/ELKS family, central components of the CAZ, have been implicated as key proteins that regulate synaptic function. However, their functional roles in the regulation of neuronal circuits remain unresolved. Using a newly created CAST KO/ELKS conditional KO mouse line which overcomes the embryonic lethality associated with constitutive KO of ELKS proteins, we analyzed the role of the CAST/ELKS protein family in regulation of presynaptic function to match the needs of the neuronal circuit. To do so, we utilized the calyx of Held, a large excitatory presynaptic terminal located in the auditory brainstem and the dominant input for driving postsynaptic spiking in the Medial Nucleus of the trapezoid body(MNTB) to help encode sound information. We carried out electrophysiological and ultrastructural analysis in both the immature(prehearing postnatal day,(P9-11) and functionally mature(hearing, P16-P21) calyx to elucidate the roles of the CAST/ELKS proteins. Here we identify for the first time, that the CAST/ELKS protein family regulates voltage gated Ca channel abundance in the presynaptic terminal. In addition, loss of CAST/ELKS proteins did not affect basal synaptic transmission. However, loss of CAST/ELKS resulted in increased release probability while decreasing the size of the RRP available for action potential mediated release in the functionally mature calyx. Therefore, we conclude that the CAST/ELKS proteins are critical molecules that differentially control key parameters of synaptic function in response to the changing neuronal circuit demand.

关键词： calyx of Held synaptic transmission plasticity pre-synaptic terminal CAST/ELKS

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 799-812页

作者： Aigbe Gregory Ohihoin Kazeem Adewale Osuolale Patrick Azuka Okwuraiwe Adesola Zaidat Musa Ayorinde Babatunde James Chika Kingsley Onwuamah Olufemi samuel Amoo Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Fehintola Ige Esther Ngozi Ohihoin Emelda Chukwu Ngozi Mirabel Otuonye Tajudeen Bamidele Adeola Olukosi Olusola Ajibaye Yekeen Raheem David Oladele Agatha Nkiru David Babatunde Adewale Rosemary Audu oliver Ezechi Nkiruka Nnonyelum Odunukwe Richard Adegbola Babatunde Lawal Salako Clinical Sciences Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Grants and M/E Unit (Biostatistics) Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Centre of Infectious Disease Research Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Central Research Laboratory Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Public Health Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos

Background: Access to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria is still highly restricted. Only patients who are symptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 are selected for testing. This pattern of testing will miss a large proportion of individuals with the infection who are asymptomatic and presymptomatic. This study reports the experience of a symptom-based study from a large testing centre in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study, reviewing data collected from respondents presenting at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) modified drive-through center for COVID-19 test between the period March 31st and August 31st, 2020 were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 9891 participants were recruited into the study and 2465 participants (24.9%) had a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2. The majority of the respondents were above 18 years old, n = 9163 (93.4%). The average age of the respondents was 36.7 years (sd 13.8 years). The age of the participants has a significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 status (AOR = 1.009, CI, 1.005 to 1.012, p = 0.0001). There was a male preponderance, n = 5652 (57.6%). The odds of having a positive status for SARS-CoV-2 were 0.9 times lower for female participants. The majority of the respondents had a history of travel, n = 6788 (68.6%). Cough was the commonest symptom, n = 1062 (10.7%) followed by fever, n = 979 (9.9%). The mortality rate was 0.1%. Among the participants with comorbidity, 31 (51.7%) had positive results for SARS-CoV-2 while 29 (48.3%) had negative results. Conclusion: Symptom-based approach to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria revealed a high positivity rate, while mortality from those tested in the study is low. Age and gender appear to play a significant role in the dynamics of the disease.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Symptoms RT-PCR Nigeria

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塞缪尔·贝克特桥

城市环境设计 2023年第6期146卷 248-263页

作者： Alan Karchmer oliver Schuh+Barbara Burg Palladium Photodesign 圣地亚哥·卡拉特拉瓦建筑事务所

塞缪尔·贝克特桥是一座平旋斜拉桥,具有倾斜、.弯曲的塔柱,跨度不等。该桥在水平面上平旋90°,以开放运河,允许船只通过。由于旋转轴距离南码头约29米,因此在后跨度中布置了钢块和重型混凝土作为压载手段。桥面的横截面是一个封闭的箱...

塞缪尔·贝克特桥是一座平旋斜拉桥,具有倾斜、.弯曲的塔柱,跨度不等。该桥在水平面上平旋90°,以开放运河,允许船只通过。由于旋转轴距离南码头约29米,因此在后跨度中布置了钢块和重型混凝土作为压载手段。桥面的横截面是一个封闭的箱梁,每侧都有悬臂肋,可以容纳四条车道(每个方向两条)、两条人行道和自行车道,以及未来容纳轻轨的空间。斜拉索均为固定钢索,其中25根60毫米钢索朝向前部,6根145毫米钢索朝向后部。河中的中心支撑由18根直径为1.2米的桩组成。直径不等的圆形混凝土支架内装有液压转向和提升设备,以及水平和垂直轴承,在转向时支撑整个桥梁。位于大桥两端的锁销由南桥台和北桥台的液压缸驱动,使大桥能够通车。该桥的钢结构在鹿特丹制造,然后作为一个整体运输到都柏林,地基部分和中心支撑都在都柏林完成。

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