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Decadal glacial lake changes in the Koshi basin, central Himalaya, from 1977 to 2010, derived from Landsat satellite images

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第10期14卷 1969-1984页

作者： Finu SHRESTHA GAO Xiao Narendra Raj KHANAL Sudan Bikash MAHARJAN Rajendra Bahadur SHRESTHA WU Li-zong Pradeep Kumar MOOL samjwal ratna bajracharya International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) 44600 Kathmandu Nepal Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CAREERI) CAS Lanzhou 730000 China Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan University 44600 Kirtipur Nepal Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200135 China

Changes in glacial lakes and the consequences of these changes, particularly on the development of water resources and management of glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF) risk, has become one of the challenges in the sustainable development of high mountain areas in the context of global warming. This paper presents the findings of a study on the distribution of, and area changes in, glacial lakes in the Koshi basin in the central *** on the number of glacial lakes and their area was generated for the years 1977, 1990, 2000, and 2010 using Landsat satellite images. According to the glacial lake inventory in 2010, there were a total of 2168 glacial lakes with a total area of 127.61 km^2 and average size of 0.06 km^2 in the Koshi basin. Of these,47% were moraine dammed lakes, 34.8% bedrock dammed lakes and 17.7% ice dammed lakes. The number of glacial lakes increased consistently over the study period from 1160 in 1977 to 2168 in 2010, an overall growth rate of 86.9%. The area of glacial lakes also increased from 94.44 km^2 in 1977 to 127.61 km^2 in 2010, a growth rate of 35.1%. A large number of glacial lakes in the inventory are small in size(≤ 0.1km^2). End moraine dammed lakes with area greater than 0.1 km^2 were selected to analyze the change characteristics of glacial lakes in the basin. The results show that, in 2010, there were 129 lakes greater than 0.1 km^2 in area; these lakes had a total area of 42.92km^2 in 1997, increasing to 63.28 km^2 in 2010. The distribution of lakes on the north side of the Himalayas(in China) was three times higher than on the south side of the Himalayas(in Nepal).Comparing the mean growth rate in area for the 33 year study period(1977-2010), the growth rate on the north side was found to be a little slower than that on the south side. A total of 42 glacial lakes with an area greater than 0.2 km^2 are rapidly growing between 1977 and 2010 in the Koshi basin, which need to be paid more attention to monitoring in the future an

关键词： Glacial lake Decadal glacial lake GLOF Inventory Landsat Koshi basin Nepal China

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Erratum to:Decadal glacial lake changes in the Koshi basin,central Himalaya,from 1977 to 2010,derived from Landsat satellite images

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2449-2450页

作者： Finu SHRESTHA GAO Xiao Narendra Raj KHANAL Sudan Bikash MAHARJAN Rajendra Bahadur SHRESTHA WU Li-zong Pradeep Kumar MOOL samjwal ratna bajracharya International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD) 44600 KathmanduNepal Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute(CAREERI) CASLanzhou 730000China Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan University44600 KirtipurNepal Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200135China

The article Decadal glacial lake changes in the Koshi basin,central Himalaya,from 1977 to 2010,derived from Landsat satellite images,written by Finu SHRESTHA,GAO Xiao,Narendra Raj KHANAL,Sudan Bikash MAHARJAN,Rajendra Bahadur SHRESTHA,WU Li-zong,Pradeep Kumar MOOL and samjwal ratna bajracharya,was originally erroneously published electronicaliy on the publisher's internet portal(currently SpringerLink)on 04 October 2017 without open access.

关键词： glacial basin images

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Modeling water resources under competing demands for sustainable development: A case study of Kaligandaki Gorge Hydropower Project in Nepal

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Water Science and Engineering 2019年第1期12卷 19-26页

作者： Rakesh Sahukhal Tri ratna bajracharya Energy Environment Research and Development CentreLalitpur 44602Nepal Institute of Engineering Department of Mechanical EngineeringTribhuwan UniversityLalitpur 44600Nepal

The challenges posed by climate change require that the quantity and quality of water resources in Nepal be managed with sustainable development practices. The communities around the Kaligandaki Gorge Hydropower Project in the Myagdi District of Nepal depend on river flow for most of their rural and agricultural needs. Without a sustainable development plan, the growing population of the region, confined in an area with declining water resources, will face serious challenges to economic growth. Meteorological data show increasing annual average rainfall at a slight rate of about 0.284 mm/year, with erratic annual percentage change in rainfall in the area. The mean and minimum temperatures show decreasing trends at the rates of 0.05-C and 0.14-C per year, respectively. An assessment of the impacts on water availability for domestic and irrigation usage in the face of competing demands caused by the hydropower development project in the Kaligandaki Gorge was undertaken. The water demand and supply modeling were conducted using the water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model, based on discharge data from the Kaligandaki River, which were obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal. The available data from 2001 to 2003 were used to estimate the model parameters while the stability of these parameters was tested with a validation period from 2004 to 2007. The performance of the model was assessed through statistical measures of calibration with the root mean square error and coefficient of determination, whose values were 0.046% and 0.79, respectively. Two scenarios were created in addition to the base case scenario: the discharge decrement scenario and new irrigation technology scenario. Analysis showed that a prioritization of demands will be necessary in the area in the near future for the purpose of sustainability of water resources, due to climate change impacts.

关键词： Climate change Competing demands Sustainable development Hydropower project WEAP

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尼泊尔喜马拉雅山冰川分布特征

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湖南师范大学自然科学学报 2012年第3期35卷 78-83页

作者：殷俊琦谢自楚吴立宗 MOOL K PRADEEP bajracharya R samjwal 湖南师范大学资源与环境学院中国长沙410081 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所中国兰州730000 国际山地综合发展中心尼泊尔加德满都GPO Box 3226

在中段喜马拉雅山南坡的尼泊尔境内,利用尼泊尔两次编目数据、2009—2010年Landsat遥感影像及数字高程模型,得到最新尼泊尔喜马拉雅山冰川分布图.利用GIS和统计软件分析了该地区冰川的空间分布、规模、类型特征.结果如下:水平方向上,冰... 详细信息

在中段喜马拉雅山南坡的尼泊尔境内,利用尼泊尔两次编目数据、2009—2010年Landsat遥感影像及数字高程模型,得到最新尼泊尔喜马拉雅山冰川分布图.利用GIS和统计软件分析了该地区冰川的空间分布、规模、类型特征.结果如下:水平方向上,冰川面积在经度上呈波状分布;垂直方向上,最大面积高度及对应的最大面积值分布流域从大到小是Gandaki、Koshi、Karnali流域.冰川面积在垂直空间的集中性与冰川作用差呈负相关;各流域发育小型冰川的条数较多,中型冰川的面积较多.大型冰川对地势和降水条件要求高,只分布在尼泊尔中部和东部;形态类型以复式流域、复式盆地和单一盆地为主,表碛覆盖冰川和雪崩补给冰川分布普遍.

关键词：冰川尼泊尔喜马拉雅山空间分布

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澜沧江和怒江流域的气候变化及其对径流的影响

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气候变化研究进展 2017年第4期13卷 356-365页

作者：刘苏峡丁文浩莫兴国王盛刘昌明罗贤何大明 Sagar ratna bajracharya Arun Bhakta Shrestha Nand Kishor Agrawal 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学资环学院/中丹学院北京100049 云南大学昆明650091 International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Kathmandu 100023Nepal

采用VIP(Vegetation Interface Processes)模型和HIMS(Hydro-Informatic Modeling System)模型,模拟分析了1957—2012年澜沧江和怒江流域(简称两江流域)水资源量的演变。根据CMIP5 RCP2.6,RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景预测,模拟了2030年代和2050年代流域水资源的变化。研究发现,过去50年间,两江流域的气温都呈升高趋势,但海拔较高的上游地区升幅大于下游。年总降水量的变化趋势不明显,但春季降水增加趋势明显。两江流域年总水资源量为650亿~850亿m^3,水资源总量长期变化趋势不明显,其中澜沧江的波动性(1.884,最大与最小之比)大于怒江。空间上水资源量呈现北低-南高的格局。在未来,两江流域气温仍呈增加趋势,降水呈增加趋势,径流呈增加趋势,空间变异性趋小,但较强的季节性变化对水资源安全仍具有较大的挑战性。

关键词：径流气温降水 VIP模型 HIMS模型

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