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Community-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study of hepatitis A in Bangladesh

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第39期15卷 4932-4937页

作者： samir k saha Setarunnahar saha Salim Shakur Mohammed Hanif Md Ahsan Habib Sanjoy k Datta Hans L Bock Bangladesh Institute of Child Health Dhaka Shishu Hospital Institute of Public Health Glaxo-Smithkline Biologicals 89 Rue de l'Institut

AIM： TO elucidate the age-distribution of anti-hepatitis A virus （HAY） seroprevalence across different socioeconomic status （SES） categories in Bangladesh which, despite scarce data, is generally deemed to have high endemicity. METHODS： Blood samples of 818 subjects from a stratified samp#e of schools and hospitals, comprising different age categories and SES were collected. They were assayed for total anti-HAV antibodies. Social and medical history data were obtained using a questionnaire. RESULTS： Overall anti-HAV seroprevalence was 69.6%, increasing with age from 1-5 years （40.4%） to 〉 30 years （98.4%）. Seroprevalence was lowest （49.8%） in the high SES group and highest （96.5%） in the rural lower-middle SES group. Among subjects aged 6-20 years, anti-HAV seroprevalence was lowest in urban private school children （43.0%）, followed by urban government school children （76.2%） and rural school children （96.5%）（P 〈 0.01）. Within the high SESgroup, anti-HAV seroprevalence was 32.3% in subjects 〈 10 years and 51.7% in those aged 11-20 years. Until now Bangladesh has been deemed to have high endemicity for HAV. CONCLUSION： The transition from high to intermediate HAV endemicity may be underway; high SES adolescents and adults remain particularly at risk of symptomatic illness. Preventive measures need consideration.

关键词： Age groups Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence Anti-hepatitis A virus antibodies Socioeconomic groups

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A Cyclic Probabilistic C-Contraction Results using Hadzic and Lukasiewicz T-Norms in Menger Spaces

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Analysis in Theory and Applications 2015年第3期31卷 283-298页

作者： Binayak S.Choudhury samir kumar Bhandari Parbati saha Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Department of Mathematics Bajkul Milani MahavidyalayaKismat BajkulDist–Purba Medinipur Bajkul West Bengal–721655 India

In this paper, we introduce generalized cyclic C-contractions through p number of subsets of a probabilistic metric space and establish two fixed point results for such contractions. In our first theorem we use the Hadzic type t-norm. In our next theorem we use Lukasiewicz t-norm. Our results generalize the results of Choudhury and Bhandari [11]. A control function [3] has been utilized in our second theorem. The results are illustrated with some examples.

关键词： Menger space Cauchy sequence fixed point φ-function ψ-function

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