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Impact of direct-acting antiviral regimens on hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第6期14卷 1053-1073页

作者： Iman Ibrahim Salama Hala m Raslan Ghada A Abdel-Latif Somaia I Salama samia m sami Fatma A Shaaban Aida m Abdelmohsen Walaa A Fouad Department of Community medicine Research National Research CenterGiza 12622DokkiEgypt Department of Internal medicine National Research CenterGiza 12622DokkiEgypt Department of Child Health National Research CenterGiza 12622DokkiEgypt

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a common cause of liver disease and is associated with various extrahepatic manifestations(EHms).This mini-review outlines the currently available treatments for HCV infection and their prognostic effect on hepatic manifestations and EHms.Direct-acting antiviral(DAA)regimens are considered pan-genotypic as they achieve a sustained virological response(SVR)>85%after 12 wk through all the major HCV genotypes,with high percentages of SVR even in advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.The risk factors for DAA failure include old males,cirrhosis,and the presence of resistance-associated substitutions(RAS)in the region targeted by the received DAAs.The effectiveness of DAA regimens is reduced in HCV genotype 3 with baseline RAS like A30K,Y93H,and P53del.moreover,the European Association for the Study of the Liver recommended the identification of baseline RAS for HCV genotype 1a.The higher rate of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)after DAA therapy may be related to the fact that DAA regimens are offered to patients with advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis,where interferon was contraindicated to those patients.The change in the growth of pre-existing subclinical,undetectable HCC upon DAA treatment might be also a cause.Furthermore,after DAA therapy,the T cell-dependent immune response is much weaker upon HCV clearance,and the down-regulation of TNF-αor the elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio might increase the risk of HCC.DAAs can result in reactivation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)in HCV coinfected patients.DAAs are effective in treating HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia,with clinical and immunological responses,and have rapid and high effectiveness in thrombocytopenia.DAAs improve insulin resistance in 90%of patients,increase glomerular filtration rate,and decrease proteinuria,hematuria and articular manifestations.HCV clearance by DAAs allows a significant improvement in atherosclerosis and metabolic and immunological conditions,with a reduction of major cardiovascular events.They also improve phy

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatic Extrahepatic Direct-acting antivirals Impact

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Current and novel modalities for management of chronic hepatitis B infection

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第5期15卷 585-608页

作者： Iman Ibrahim Salama samia m sami Somaia I Salama Ghada A Abdel-Latif Fatma A Shaaban Walaa A Fouad Aida m Abdelmohsen Hala m Raslan Department of Community medicine Research National Research CentreGiza 12411DokkiEgypt Department of Child Health National Research CentreGiza 12411DokkiEgypt Department of Internal medicine National Research CentreGiza 12411DokkiEgypt

Over 296 million people are estimated to have chronic hepatitis B viral infection(CHB),and it poses unique challenges for elimination.CHB is the result of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-specific immune tolerance and the presence of covalently closed circular DNA as mini chromosome inside the nucleus and the integrated HBV.Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen is the best surrogate marker for intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA.Functional HBV“cure”is the durable loss of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),with or without HBsAg seroconversion and undetectable serum HBV DNA after completing a course of treatment.The currently approved therapies are nucleos(t)ide analogues,interferon-alpha,and pegylated-interferon.With these therapies,functional cure can be achieved inmmune system that disrupts the interaction between them can lead to reactivation of HBV.Novel therapies may allow efficient control of CHB.They include direct acting antivirals and immunomodulators.Reduction of the viral antigen load is a crucial factor for success of immune-based therapies.Immunomodulatory therapy may lead to modulation of the host immune system.It may enhance/restore innate immunity against HBV(as toll-like-receptors and cytosolic retinoic acid inducible geneⅠagonist).Others may induce adaptive immunity as checkpoint inhibitors,therapeutic HBV vaccines including protein(HBsAg/pre S and hepatitis B core antigen),monoclonal or bispecific antibodies and genetically engineered T cells to generate chimeric antigen receptor-T or T-cell receptor-T cells and HBV-specific T cells to restore T cell function to efficiently clear HBV.Combined therapy may successfully overcome immune tolerance and lead to HBV control and cure.Immunotherapeutic approaches carry the risk of overshooting immune responses causing uncontrolled liver damage.The safety of any new curative therapies should be measured in relation to the excellent safety of currently approved nucleos(t)ide analogues.Development of novel

关键词： immunity infection overcome

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Inclusion of CoTiO_(3) to ameliorate the re/dehydrogenation properties of the mg–Na–Al system

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1215-1226页

作者： N.A.Ali N.Y.Yusnizam N.A.Sazelee sami-ullah Rather Haizhen Liu m.Ismail Energy Storage Research Group Faculty of Ocean Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu21030 Kuala NerusTerengganuMalaysia Department of Chemical and materials Engineering King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box80204Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Guangxi Novel Battery materials Research Center of Engineering Technology School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory of Featured metal materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures Nanning 530004China

For the first time,the mgH_(2)–NaAlH_(4)(ratio 4:1)destabilized system with CoTiO_(3) addition has been explored.The CoTiO_(3)-doped mgH_(2)–NaAlH_(4) sample begins to dehydrogenate at 130℃,which is declined by 40℃ compared to the undoped mgH_(2)–NaAlH_(4).moreover,the de/rehydrogenation kinetics characteristics of the CoTiO_(3)-doped mgH_(2)–NaAlH_(4) were greatly ameliorated.With the inclusion of CoTiO_(3),the mgH_(2)–NaAlH_(4) composite absorbed 5.2 wt.%H_(2),higher than undoped mgH_(2)–NaAlH_(4).In the context of dehydrogenation,the CoTiO_(3)-doped mgH_(2)–NaAlH_(4) sample desorbed 2.6 wt.%H_(2),almost doubled compared to the amount of hydrogen desorbed from the undoped mgH_(2)–NaAlH_(4) sample.The activation energy obtained by the Kissinger analysis for mgH_(2) decomposition was significantly lower by 35.9 kJ/mol than the undoped mgH_(2)–NaAlH_(4) sample.The reaction mechanism demonstrated that new phases of mgCo and AlTi_(3) were generated in situ during the heating process and are likely to play a substantial catalytic function and be useful in ameliorating the de/rehydrogenation properties of the destabilized mgH_(2)–NaAlH_(4) system with the inclusion of CoTiO_(3).

关键词： Destabilize system magnesium hydride Sodium alanate Hydrogen storage Additive.

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Rao Algorithms-Based Structure Optimization for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computers, materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 873-897页

作者： Shereen K.Refaay samia A.Ali moumen T.El-melegy Louai A.maghrabi Hamdy H.El-Sayed Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Sohag UniversitySohag82524Egypt Faculty of Engineering Assiut UniversityAssiut711745Egypt College of Engineering University of Business and TechnologyJeddah23411Saudi Arabia

The structural optimization of wireless sensor networks is a critical issue because it impacts energy consumption and hence the network’s lifetime.many studies have been conducted for homogeneous networks,but few have been performed for heterogeneouswireless sensor networks.This paper utilizes Rao algorithms to optimize the structure of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks according to node locations and their initial energies.The proposed algorithms lack algorithm-specific parameters and metaphorical connotations.The proposed algorithms examine the search space based on the relations of the population with the best,worst,and randomly assigned solutions.The proposed algorithms can be evaluated using any routing protocol,however,we have chosen the well-known routing protocols in the literature:Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems(PEAGSIS),Partitioned-based Energy-efficient LEACH(PE-LEACH),and the Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems Neural Network(PEAGSIS-NN)recent routing protocol.We compare our optimized method with the Jaya,the Particle Swarm Optimization-based Energy Efficient Clustering(PSO-EEC)protocol,and the hybrid Harmony Search Algorithm and PSO(HSA-PSO)algorithms.The efficiencies of our proposed algorithms are evaluated by conducting experiments in terms of the network lifetime(first dead node,half dead nodes,and last dead node),energy consumption,packets to cluster head,and packets to the base station.The experimental results were compared with those obtained using the Jaya optimization algorithm.The proposed algorithms exhibited the best performance.The proposed approach successfully prolongs the network lifetime by 71% for the PEAGSIS protocol,51% for the LEACH protocol,10% for the PE-LEACH protocol,and 73% for the PEGSIS-NN protocol;moreover,it enhances other criteria such as energy conservation,fitness convergence,packets to cluster head,and packets to the base station.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Rao algorithms optimization LEACH PEAGSIS

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Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula:a comprehensive review of the history,classification systems,management,and prognosis

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2024年第1期10卷 48-56页

作者： Ali Alkhaibary Ahoud Alharbi Nada Alnefaie Hajar Alammar Alshaymaa m.Arishy Noor Alghanim Yazeed m.Aldhfyan Arwa Albaiahy Yahya H.Khormi Wael Alshaya Saad AlQahatani Ahmed Aloraidi Ahmed Alkhani sami Khairy College of medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhSaudi Arabia King Abdullah International medical Research Center RiyadhSaudi Arabia Division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryKing Abdulaziz Medical CityMinistry of National Guard-Health AffairsRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Neurosurgery National Neurosciences InstituteKing Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia College of medicine Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia Department of Neurosurgery King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas account for the majority of spinal vascular malformations.They are typically located in the thoracolumbar region and are diagnosed in the middle-aged and elderly populations.Although spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas have been postulated to be acquired,their exact development remains uncertain.Typically,the arteriovenous shunt is situated close to the spinal nerve root,inside the dura mater,where the blood from the radiculomeningeal artery and radicular vein intermix.Throughout history,there have been multiple classification systems of spinal arteriovenous shunts since 1967.Those were mainly based on the evolution of diagnostic studies as well as the treatment of these lesions.Such classification systems have undergone significant changes over the years.Unlike intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula,spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is progressive in nature.The neurological manifestations,due to venous congestion,tend to be insidious as well as non-specific.These include sensory deficits,such as paresthesia,bilateral and/or unilateral radicular pain affecting the lower limbs,and gait disturbances.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas can be suspected on magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiography and confirmed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA).The management includes surgery,endovascular therapy,and in selected cases,radiotherapy.The treatment goal of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is to halt the progression of the disease.The prognosis depends on both the duration of symptoms as well as the clinical condition prior to therapy.The present article comprehensively reviews the pathophysiology,changes in classification systems,natural history,clinical manifestations,radiological features,management,and prognosis.

关键词： Connection Endovascular myelopathy Vascular

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Theory of Flexural Shear, Bending and Torsion for a Thin-Walled Beam of Open Section

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World Journal of mechanics 2024年第3期14卷 23-53页

作者： David W. A. Rees Abdelraouf m. sami Alsheikh College of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge UK

Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist implies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three aluminium alloy extruded channel sections mounted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of symmetry. Bending and shear are considered more generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second moments of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever modifies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacement. It is shown from the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be mentioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from axial torsional loading is identified with the sum of axial stress due to bending and axial stress arising from con

关键词： Thin Wall Theory Cantilever Beam Open Channel Section Principal Axes Flexure Transverse Shear Torsion Shear Centre Shear Flow Warping Fixed-End Constraint

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Enhancing Wireless Sensor Network Efficiency through Al-Biruni Earth Radius Optimization

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Computers, materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3549-3568页

作者： Reem Ibrahim Alkanhel Doaa sami Khafaga Ahmed mohamed Zaki marwa m.Eid Abdyalaziz A.Al-mooneam Abdelhameed Ibrahim S.K.Towfek Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research Center BlacksburgVirginia24060USA Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology Mansoura35511Egypt Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Delta University for Science and TechnologyMansoura35712Egypt Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence Research Center MeridenConnecticut06450USA School of ICT Faculty of EngineeringDesign and Information&Communications Technology(EDICT)Bahrain PolytechnicP.O.Box 33349Isa TownBahrain

The networks of wireless sensors provide the ground for a range of applications,including environmental moni-toring and industrial operations.Ensuring the networks can overcome obstacles like power and communication reliability and sensor coverage is the crux of network optimization.Network infrastructure planning should be focused on increasing performance,and it should be affected by the detailed data about node distribution.This work recommends the creation of each sensor’s specs and radius of influence based on a particular geographical location,which will contribute to better network planning and design.By using the ARImA model for time series forecasting and the Al-Biruni Earth Radius algorithm for optimization,our approach bridges the gap between successive terrains while seeking the equilibrium between exploration and exploitation.Through implementing adaptive protocols according to varying environments and sensor constraints,our study aspires to improve overall network operation.We compare the Al-Biruni Earth Radius algorithm along with Gray Wolf Optimization,Particle Swarm Optimization,Genetic Algorithms,and Whale Optimization about performance on real-world problems.Being the most efficient in the optimization process,Biruni displays the lowest error rate at 0.00032.The two other statistical techniques,like ANOVA,are also useful in discovering the factors influencing the nature of sensor data and network-specific problems.Due to the multi-faceted support the comprehensive approach promotes,there is a chance to understand the dynamics that affect the optimization outcomes better so decisions about network design can be made.Through delivering better performance and reliability for various in-situ applications,this research leads to a fusion of time series forecasters and a customized optimizer algorithm.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks optimization ARImA model BER algorithm metaheuristic algorithms

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Latency-Aware Dynamic Second Offloading Service in SDN-Based Fog Architecture

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Computers, materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1501-1526页

作者： Samah Ibrahim AlShathri Dina S.m.Hassan samia Allaoua Chelloug Information Technology Department College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia

Task offloading is a key strategy in Fog Computing (FC). Thedefinition of resource-constrained devices no longer applies to sensors andInternet of Things (IoT) embedded system devices alone. Smart and mobileunits can also be viewed as resource-constrained devices if the power, cloudapplications, and data cloud are included in the set of required resources. Ina cloud-fog-based architecture, a task instance running on an end device mayneed to be offloaded to a fog node to complete its execution. However, ina busy network, a second offloading decision is required when the fog nodebecomes overloaded. The possibility of offloading a task, for the second time,to a fog or a cloud node depends to a great extent on task importance, latencyconstraints, and required resources. This paper presents a dynamic service thatdetermines which tasks can endure a second offloading. The task type, latencyconstraints, and amount of required resources are used to select the offloadingdestination node. This study proposes three heuristic offloading algorithms.Each algorithm targets a specific task type. An overloaded fog node can onlyissue one offloading request to execute one of these algorithms accordingto the task offloading priority. Offloading requests are sent to a SoftwareDefined Networking (SDN) controller. The fog node and controller determinethe number of offloaded tasks. Simulation results show that the average timerequired to select offloading nodes was improved by 33% when compared tothe dynamic fog-to-fog offloading algorithm. The distribution of workloadconverges to a uniform distribution when offloading latency-sensitive nonurgenttasks. The lowest offloading priority is assigned to latency-sensitivetasks with hard deadlines. At least 70% of these tasks are offloaded to fognodes that are one to three hops away from the overloaded node.

关键词： Fog computing offloading algorithm latency-aware software defined networking SDN

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Effectiveness of hepatitis B virus vaccination program in Egypt:multicenter national project

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第22期7卷 2418-2426页

作者： Iman I Salama samia m sami Zeinab Nabil Ahmed Said manal H El-Sayed Lobna A El Etreby Thanaa m Rabah Dalia m Elmosalami Amany T Abdel Hamid Somaia I Salama Aida m Abdel mohsen Hanaa m Emam Safaa m Elserougy Amal I Hassanain Naglaa F Abd Alhalim Fatma A Shaaban samia A Hemeda Nihad A Ibrahim Ammal m metwally Community medicine Research Department National Research Center Child Health Department National Research Center micro--biology and Immunology Department Faculty of Medicine (for girls)Al-Azhar University Pediatrics Department Faculty of MedicineAin-Shams University Dermatology and Venereology Department National Research Center Environmental and Occupational medicine Department National Research Center

AIm:To assess the effectiveness of hepatitis B virus(HBV) vaccination program among fully vaccinated children.mETHODS:A national community based crosssectional study was carried out in 6 governorates representing Egypt. A total of 3600 children aged from 9 mo to 16 years who were fully vaccinated with HBV vaccine during infancy were recruited. Face to face interviews were carried out and sera were evaluated for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsA g),anti-HBV core antibodies(total) and quantitative detection of hepatitis B surface antibody using enzyme linked immunoassays techniques. Samples positive to HBs Ag/anti-HBV core antibodies were subjected to quantitative HBV-DNA detection by real time polymerase chain reaction with 3.8 IU/L detection limit. RESULTS:Sero-protection was detected among 2059 children(57.2%) with geometric mean titers 75.4 ± 3.6 IU/L compared to 3.1 ± 2.1 IU/L among nonseroprotected children. multivariate logistic analysis revealed that older age and female gender were the significant predicting variables for having non seroprotective level,with adjusted odds ratio 3.3,9.1and 14.2 among children aged 5 to mpared to those mong girls compared to boys with P mong children aged ≥ 7 years(0.59%) compared to 0.07% among younger children with odds ratio equal to 8.4(95%CI:1.1-64.2) and P mong girls(0.48%) than boys(0.29%) with P > 0.05. C ON C LU S I ON :T he E gy pt ian c ompuls or y H B V vaccination program provides adequate protection. Occult HBV infection exists among apparently healthy vaccinated children. Adherence to infection control measures is mandatory.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Immunization Seroprotection Brea

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Optimal Load Balancing in Cloud Environment of Virtual machines

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第6期41卷 919-932页

作者： Fuad A.m.Al-Yarimi sami Althahabi majdy mohammed Eltayeb Department of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityMuhayel AseerKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Information System King Khalid UniversityMuhayel AseerKingdom of Saudi Arabia

Cloud resource scheduling is gaining prominence with the increasingtrends of reliance on cloud infrastructure solutions. Numerous sets of cloudresource scheduling models were evident in the literature. Cloud resource scheduling refers to the distinct set of algorithms or programs the service providersengage to maintain the service level allocation for various resources over a virtualenvironment. The model proposed in this manuscript schedules resources of virtual machines under potential volatility aspects, which can be applied for anypriority metric chosen by the server administrators. Also, the model can be flexible for any time frame-based analysis of the load factor. The model discussed inthis manuscript relies on the Bollinger Bands tool for understanding the potentialvolatility aspects of a Virtual machine. The experimental study of the model compared to the contemporary load balancing model called STLB (Starvation Threshold-based Load Balancing) refers to a simple and potential model that can bemore pragmatic for sustainable ways of load balancing.

关键词： Cloud computing service level agreements virtual machines load balancing scheduling

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