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Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Local Context for a Contextualized Diffusion of Agroecological Intensification Options in Niger

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 270-301页

作者： Nouhou Salifou Jangorzo Maud Loireau Abou-Souﬁanou Sadda Ousmane sami Mari Abdoul-Aziz Saïdou Hassane Bil-Assanou Issoufou Département des Sciences du Sol et Télédétection Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi UMR DAP Maradi Niger Unité mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes (UMR DAP) Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UMR Espace-DEV Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) Perpignan France Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Représentation Niamey Niger Centre Imaan de Support en Recherche Transdisciplinaire UMR DAP/UDDM Niamey Niger Département des Sciences et Techniques de Productions Végétales Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi UMR DAP Maradi Niger

Spatio-temporal variability and dynamics in Sahelian agro-pastoral zones make each local situation a special case. These specificities must be considered to guide the dissemination of agricultural options with a view to sustainable development. The territorial scale of municipalities is not sufficient for this necessary contextualization;the scale of the “village terroir” seems to be a better option. This is the hypothesis we put forward in the framework of the Global Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems program (CRFS), i.e. local context is spatially defined by village terroir. The study is based on data collected through participatory mapping and surveys in “village terroirs” in three regions of Niger (Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri). Then the links between farm managers and their cultivated land, as well as the spatio-temporal dynamics of local context are analyzed. This study provides evidence of the existence and functional usefulness of the village terroir for farmers, their land management and their activities. It demonstrates the usefulness of contextualizing agricultural options at this scale. Their analysis elucidates the links between “terroirs village” and the specific functioning of the agrosocio-ecosystems acting on each of them, thus laying the systemic and geographical foundations for a model of the spatio- temporal dynamics of “village terroirs”. This initial work has opened up new perspectives in modeling and sustainable development.

关键词： Niger Option by Context Local Condition Complex System Multiscale Conceptual Modeling

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Medical therapy vs early revascularization in diabetics with chronic total occlusions:A meta-analysis and systematic review

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World Journal of Cardiology 2020年第11期12卷 559-570页

作者： Muhammad Shayan Khan Farhad sami Hemindermeet Singh Waqas Ullah Ma'en Al-Dabbas Khalid Hamid Changal Tanveer Mir Zain Ali Ameer Kabour Internal Medicine Mercy Saint Vincent Medical CentreToledoOH 43608United States Internal Medicine University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKansas66202United States Department of Cardiovascular Fellowship Mercy St Vincent Medical Center and HospitalToledoOH 43608United States Internal Medicine Abington Jefferson HealthAbingtonAbington TownshipMontgomery CountyPA 19001United States Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States Internal Medicine Detroit Medical CenterDetroitMI 48201United States Internal Medicine Abington Jefferson HealthPhiladelphiaPA 19001United States

BACKGROUND Management of chronic total occlusions(CTO)in diabetics is challenging,with a recent trend towards early revascularization[ER:Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and bypass grafting]instead of optimal medical therapy(OMT).We hypothesize that ER improves morbidity and mortality outcomes in diabetic patients with CTOs as compared to *** To determine the long term clinical outcomes and to compare morbidity and mortality between OMT and ER in diabetic patients with *** Potentially relevant published clinical trials were identified in Medline,Embase,chemical abstracts and Biosis(from start of the databases till date)and pooled hazard ratios(HR)computed using a random effects model,with significant P valueents were identified(1252 in OMT and 1196 in ER).Mean follow-up was 45-60 *** OMT was associated with a higher all-cause mortality[HR:1.70,95%confidence interval(CI):0.80-3.26,P=0.11]and cardiac mortality(HR:1.68,95%CI:0.96-2.96,P=0.07).Results were close to *** risk of repeat MI was almost the same in both groups(HR:0.97,95%CI:0.61-1.54,P=0.90).Similarly,patients assigned to OMT had a higher risk of repeat revascularization(HR:1.62,95%CI:1.36-1.94,Pence between the two(HR:1.00,95%CI:0.52-1.93,P=1.00).CONCLUSION In diabetic patients with CTO,there was a trend for improved outcomes with ER regarding all-cause and cardiac death as

关键词： Coronary angiography Diabetes mellitus Percutaneous coronary Intervention Coronary bypass grafts Chronic total occlusions Mortality

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Traditional Healer’s Medicinal Practice Survey and Clinical Evidence Assessment of “YIKI”: An Antimalarial Phytomedicine Recipe from Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第7期15卷 248-267页

作者： Zachari Kabre Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga Aminata Fofana Roland Nâg-Tiero Meda Anyirekun Fabrice Some Alassane Haro Natacha A. J. A. Boro Fazhira B. Ye Benjamin Kouliga Koama sami Eric Kam Eliasse Zongo Hadidjatou Belèm Windmi Kagambèga Florence Fournet Georges A. Ouedraogo Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant Direction Rgionale de lOuest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et denseignement en Sant et Biotechnologies Animales Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences et Techniques Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche en Bactriologie INSP/Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Maladies Infectueuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie Gntique Evolution et Contrle (MIVEGEC) Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement Universit de Monpellier Montpellier France

YIKI is an antimalarial phytomedicine used by a traditional healer to treat malaria in Bobo-Dioulasso. However, there is no scientific evidence to support its use by local populations. The aim of this study was to identify the medicinal practices of the healer holder of YIKI and assess the clinical evidence of its phytomedicine in the uncomplicated malaria treatment. Ethnomedical survey based on a semi-structured and open questionnaire was conducted from October to December 2019 with the healer. Malaria knowledge and diagnosis methods, patient treatment and monitoring, and recipe formulation steps were surveyed. Moreover, thick and thin blood smears were taken, haemoglobin levels and temperature of consenting patients were measured before treatment, mid-treatment and at the end of treatment. The survey revealed that the healer has a good knowledge of malaria symptoms and his diagnosis is based on observation and physical examination of patients. The healer’s malaria diagnosis was rudimentary and had accuracy problems, with only 62.79% of malaria cases confirmed by microscopy. The formulation of YIKI and its use to treat malaria follow a standard process for plant harvesting, powder quantities and posology, but do not use any reproducible parameters for dose adjustment. Forty-three patients diagnosed and treated by the healer participated in the study. Laboratory results revealed 27 Plasmodium falciparum infection cases, including 2 with parasitaemia ≥ 200,000 p/µl blood. 25 patients were selected for therapeutic evidence assessment. There was a 48% elimination of parasites, a 28% parasitaemia decrease without complete cure, with gametocytogenesis in some patients, and a 24% parasitaemia increase. Haemoglobin and temperature results suggested that YIKI was not cytotoxic and reduced fever. encouraging preliminary results have been obtained, but in view of the low number of patients, further YIKI efficacy and toxicity studies will be necessary for patient safety.

关键词： Antimalarial-Phytomedicine Efficacy Traditional Practices Bobo-Dioulasso

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Radical vs conservative surgery for hydatid liver cysts:Experience from single center

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第8期16卷 953-959页

作者： sami Akbulut Ayhan Senol Arsenal Sezgin Bahri Cakabay Mehmet Dursun Omer Satici Department of Surgery Diyarba-kir Education and Research Hospital Department of Radiology Diyarbakir Education and Research Hospital Department of Pathology Diyarbakir Education and Research Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Veni Vidi Hospital Department of Biostatistics Dicle University Faculty of Medicine

AIM:To compare the efficacy and safety of radical and conservative surgical interventions for liver hydatid ***:The study comprised 59 patients in two groups who had undergone radical and conservative surgical procedures for liver hydatid disease in our department between 2004 and 2009. Preoperative diagnostic tools,medical treatments,demographic and clinical characteristics,postoperative follow-up,and recurrence were compared in both groups. RESULTS:This non-randomized retrospective studyincluded 59 patients who had undergone liver hydatid disease surgery. The radical technique was used in 18 patients (mean age:42.1 ± 13.5 years,seven male,11 female),and the conservative technique was used in 41 patients (mean age:43.5 ± 13.9 years,17 male,24 female). The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 58 mo. Although operative time was significantly shorter in the conservative group (P ence was significantly reduced in the radical group (P = 0.045). No statistically significant differences were found in terms of hospitalization duration,cyst count and size,location,postoperative complications,scolicidal solution usage,or follow-up duration between the two ***:The more effective method for pre-venting postoperative recurrence is radical surgery. en-doscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for bile leakage in the early postoperative period may decrease the requirement for repeat surgery.

关键词： Echinococcosis endoscopic retrograde chol-angiopancreatography Digestive system surgery

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An Eigenspace Method for Detecting Space-Time Disease Clusters with Unknown Population-Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1945-1953页

作者： sami Ullah Nurul Hidayah Mohd Nor Hanita Daud Nooraini Zainuddin Hadi Fanaee-T Alamgir Khalil Department of Fundamental&Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONASSeri Iskandar32610PerakMalaysia Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research(CAISR) Halmstad UniversityHalmstadSE-30118Sweden Department of Statistics University of PeshawarPakistan

Space-time disease cluster detection assists in conducting disease surveillance and implementing control *** state-of-the-art method for this kind of problem is the Space-time Scan Statistics(SaTScan)which has limitations for non-traditional/non-clinical data sources due to its parametric model assumptions such as Poisson orGaussian *** this problem,an Eigenspace-based method called Multi-EigenSpot has recently been proposed as a nonparametric ***,it is based on the population counts data which are not always available in the least developed *** addition,the population counts are difficult to approximate for some surveillance data such as emergency department visits and over-the-counter drug sales,where the catchment area for each hospital/pharmacy is *** extend the population-based Multi-EigenSpot method to approximate the potential disease clusters from the observed/reported disease counts only with no need for the population *** proposed adaptation uses an estimator of expected disease count that does not depend on the population *** proposed method was evaluated on the real-world dataset and the results were compared with the population-based methods:Multi-EigenSpot and *** result shows that the proposed adaptation is effective in approximating the important outputs of the population-based methods.

关键词： Space-time disease clusters Eigenspace method nontraditional data sources nonparametric methods

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Coexistence of duodenum derived aggressive fibromatosis and paraduodenal hydatid cyst: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2018年第8期10卷 90-94页

作者： sami Akbulut Mehmet Yilmaz Saadet Alan Mehmet Kolu Nese Karadag Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute Inonu University Faculty of Medicine Department of Surgery Inonu University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pathology Inonu University Faculty of Medicine Department of Radiology Inonu University Faculty of Medicine

Intra-abdominal aggressive fibromatosis is a locally aggressive tumor mostly originating from the mesentery or retroperitoneal space, infiltrating adjacent tissues, and very rarely metastasizing to distant organs. There are only two case reports in the english language literature where intra-abdominal aggressive fibromatosis originated from the intestinal wall. In this study, we aimed to report a case of aggressive fibromatosis originating from the muscularis propria layer of the duodenum and invading pancreas. Another interesting aspect of this case is that a primary paraduodenal hydatid cyst was incidentally detected in the surgical specimen. A 46-year-old female patient presented to our clinic with postprandial nausea and vomiting. A contrast-enhanced abdominal computerized tomography revealed a mass lesion with a size of 100 mm × 80 mm which originated from the distal pancreas and compressed the gastric pilor externally. Upon exploration the distal part of duodenum, proximaljejunum, and pancreatic mass were noted to form a conglomerated structure. Therefore, the fourth part of the duodenum, a 25 cm part of the proximal jejunum, distal pancreas, and the spleen were excised enbloc. The pathology report of the specimen indicated fibromatosis with a diameter of 55 mm that originated from the muscularis propria of the duodenum and extended into the pancreatic parenchyma. There was also an incidentally detected 10 mm paraduodenal hydatid cyst. No tumor recurrence was detected at a follow-up period of 24 mo. In conclusion, the most ideal treatment of desmoid-type fibromatosis is surgical resection of the mass lesion with clean surgical borders. Although rare, this tumor may originate from the intestinal wall. Histopathological verification is of great significance for a proper diagnosis.

关键词： Duodenal wall Hydatid cyst Aggressive fibromatosis Intra-abdominal fibromatosis Desmoid tumor Desmoid-type fibromatosis

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Coexistence of abdominal cocoon, intestinal perforation and incarcerated Meckel's diverticulum in an inguinal hernia: A troublesome condition

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2014年第3期6卷 51-54页

作者： sami Akbulut Yusuf Yagmur Mehmet Babur Department of Surgery Diyarbakir Education and Research Hospital

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis(SEP) is a rare dis-ease entity, in which the small intestine becomes en-cased and mechanically obstructed by a dense, fibrotic membrane. The disorder is characterized as either primary(idiopathic) or secondary to other causes. The idiopathic cases of SEP, which lack any identifiable eti-ology according to clinical, radiological and histopatho-logical findings, are also reported under the designation of abdominal cocoon syndrome. The most frequent presenting symptoms of all SEP cases are nausea, vom-iting, abdominal distention and inability to defecate, all of which are associated with the underlying intestinal obstruction. Persistent untreated SEP may advance to intestinal perforation, representing a life-threatening condition. However, preoperative diagnosis remains a particular clinical challenge, and most diagnoses are confirmed only when the typical fibrous membrane en-casing the small intestine is discovered by laparotomy. Here, we report the clinical presentation of an 87-year-old male with signs of intestinal obstruction and the ul-timate diagnosis of concurrent abdominal cocoon, rightincarcerated Meckel's diverticulum, and gastrointestinal perforation in laparotomy.

关键词： Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis Cocoon syndrome Perforation Meckel’ s diverticulum

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Altered Lignin Biosynthesis Improves Cellulosic Bioethanol Production in Transgenic Maize Plants Down-Regulated for Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 817-830页

作者： Silvia Fornale Montserrat Capellades Antonio encina Kan Wang sami Irara Catherine Lapierre Katia Ruel Jean-Paul Joseleaue Jordi Berenguer Pere Puigdomenech Joan Rigau David Caparros-Ruiz Laboratori de Genetica Molecular Vegetal Centre de Recerca en AgriGenomica (CRAG) Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Edifici CRAG Campus UAB Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles) 08193 Barcelona Spain Area de Fisiologia Vegetal Universidad de Lean 24071 Spain Center for Plant Transformation Iowa State University G405 Agronomy Hall Ames IA 50011-1010 USA Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA-AgroParisTech UMR 1318 78026 Versailles cedex France Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolecules Vegetales-UPR-CNRS-5301 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09 France

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （CAD） is a key enzyme involved in the last step of monolignol biosynthesis. The effect of CAD down-regulation on lignin production was investigated through a transgenic approach in maize. Trans- genic CAD-RNAi plants show a different degree of enzymatic reduction depending on the analyzed tissue and show alter- ations in cell wall composition. Cell walls of CAD-RNAi stems contain a lignin polymer with a slight reduction in the S-to-G ratio without affecting the total lignin content. In addition, these cell walls accumulate higher levels of cellulose and ara- binoxylans. In contrast, cell walls of CAD-RNAi midribs present a reduction in the total lignin content and of cell wall polysaccharides. In vitro degradability assays showed that, although to a different extent, the changes induced by the repression of CAD activity produced midribs and stems more degradable than wild-type plants. CAD-RNAi plants grown in the field presented a wild-type phenotype and produced higher amounts of dry biomass. Cellulosic bioethanol assays revealed that CAD-RNAi biomass produced higher levels of ethanol compared to wild-type, making CAD a good target to improve both the nutritional and energetic values of maize lignocellulosic biomass.

关键词： Maize lignification lignocellulosic biomass secondary cell wall.

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A Review on Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Euphorbia hirta L.

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第6期14卷 710-726页

作者： Roland Nâg-Tiéro Meda sami Eric Kam Windmi Kagambega Eliasse Zongo Clarisse Ouedraogo Abdoulaye Segda Benjamin Kouliga Koama Franck Téounviel Somda Emmanuel Zongo Georges Anicet Ouedraogo Laboratoire de Recherche et d’enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche en Biochimie INSP/Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Médicine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale de Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biochimie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourou SANOU Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Euphorbia hirta L. is an annual medicinal herb throughout many tropical continents used to cure various diseases. Several studies have isolated many bioactive compounds from E. hirta. This study aimed at providing a collection of bioactive constituents in E. hirta. This review summarizes the extraction solvent, the structures and the properties of 38 bioactive phytochemicals isolated from E. hirta. It could help to understand the relationship existing between phytochemicals and their activities.

关键词： Euphorbia hirta Phytoconstituents Biological Activities Structures

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Ethnobotanical Survey of Appetite Suppressant Plants Used in Hauts-Bassins Areas of Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1001-1014页

作者： Emmanuel Zongo Roland Nâg-Tiero Meda Yaya Gnanou Yaya Gnanou sami Eric Kam Benjamin Kouliga Koama Pataréyaoba Alassane Ouedraogo Eliasse Zongo Ollo Da Dramane Paré Georges Anicet Ouedraogo Laboratoire de Recherche et d’enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biochimie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourou SANOU Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Médicine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale de l’Ouest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA) UFR/SVT University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This study aimed to list the medicinal plants used as an appetite suppressant in Hauts-Bassins areas of Burkina Faso. An ethnobotanical survey was undertaken from September to November 2021 using a semi-structured questionnaire. To determine well-known families and species, some indices such as Family Importance Value (FIV) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) were calculated respectively. Sixty-seven traditional healers (41 men and 26 women) have been interviewed. The age group from 41 to 60 years old was more represented (47.76%). Fifty-eight (58) plant species belonging to 29 families and 53 genera were recorded to have appetite suppressant properties. Fabaceae family (25%) was the most mentioned followed by Combretaceae (12%). The most mentioned species were Guierasenegalensis (7.64%), Parkiabiglobosa (6.18%), Annona senegalensis and Gardenia erubescens (5.35% for both). Leaves and fruits had the highest frequencies of use with 41% and 25% respectively. The decoction (49.62%) was the main preparation method. The oral route was the only mode of drug administration. These results would contribute to strengthening the database on the medicinal plants used as an appetite suppressant by the traditional healers in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Ethnobotanical Survey Appetite Suppressant Plants Hauts-Bassins Areas Burkina Faso

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