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Rehabilitation of Mining Sites: The Case of the Gora/Sabodala Gold Mine in Senegal Prospects for Sustainable Development of a Mine

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第10期12卷 784-807页

作者： Dieye Pathé Mall Ibrahim samb mansour Ndong Robert Institut Africain de Management Dakar Senegal Amadou Makhtar Mbow University Dakar Senegal Geology and Hydrogeology Applied to Mines and Major Civil Engineering Works Dakar Senegal Environment Department at Sabodala Gold Operations Dakar Senegal

The southeastern part of Senegal, in West Africa, is home to the country’s first major gold mine owned by Sabodala gold operations SGO, as subsidiary of Teranga Gold Corporation during the timeframe of this study. As part of its expansion, the company opened and operated the Gora satellite mine for 4 years’ exploitation. At the end of the mine’s life, the authorities decided to close the site. In this context, SGO in compliance with its legal, regulatory and normative obligations, has commissioned a study of rehabilitation activities for a better environmental and social management of the Gora gold mine. This study is a first in Senegal and presents the general framework for the rehabilitation of a gold mine which will allow scientists to have several research perspectives in this field. The methodological approach consisted of a participatory process of collecting field data and data from stakeholders directly involved in mine rehabilitation and closure;these data were analyzed and coupled with international best practices in rehabilitation, closure, and post-mine management. Results of the selected options are based on known experiences from around the world, coupled with analysis of the SGO’s field activities results and those obtained from the synthesis of the interview guides from the numerous consultations. This synthesis made possible to align them with international guidelines presented in this document. In this context, the aspects related to the open-pit mine equipment, processing facilities and related infrastructure were a particular interest to the various stakeholders. Thus, the following rehabilitation options were retained by the group constituted by the populations: 1) Backfilling pits, for cultivation practices and development of agribusiness and the establishment of grazing land for livestock;2) Setting up water storage basins for the sustainable development of certain activities around the mine and aquifer recharge while respecting the protection

关键词： Rehabilitation Mine Closure Gora Sabodala Environment Sustainable Development

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CFD simulation of homogeneous reaction characteristics of dehydration of fructose to HMF in micro-channel reactors

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第6期26卷 1340-1349页

作者： Xin Zhang Hui Liu Amar samb Guofeng Wang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China China Tianchen Engineering Corporation (Beijing Branch) Beijing 100029 China

In this work the applicability of the micro-channel reactor technique to the production of promising platform chemical 5-hydroxymethyl furan(HMF) from fructose in aqueous solution is systemically investigated by performing CFD *** factors including solvents,residence time distribution of reaction mixtures,heat transfer conditions and micro-channel configurations are evaluated in terms of the reaction performance indices,i.e.,conversion of fructose,HMF selectivity and yield.A scale-up method from a single channel to a multiple channel reactor is also *** is demonstrated that:1) at the single channel scale,controlling residence times and temperature distribution of the reaction mixture within the channel is crucial for enhancing the reaction performance,while different channel configurations lead to marginal improvements;2) for the scaling-up of the reaction process,a reactor module containing 15 circular parallel channels could be used as module blocks,which can be stacked one by one to meet the required reactor performance and production *** present results show that micro-reactors are quite suitable for HMF production.

关键词： Fructose dehydration Micro-channel reactor Simulation Optimization

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Sanitary Evacuations at the Maternity Unit of the Social Hygiene Institute (IHS) in Dakar in 2020

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2023年第4期11卷 151-158页

作者： Mouhamadou mansour Niang Mohamaed Amine Inzale Fatou samb Cheikh Tidiane Cisse Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Objective: Determine the frequency of evacuations, specify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the evacuees, evaluate the data of the evacuation, the management and the maternal-fetal prognosis. Methods: Prospective and descriptive retrospective study concerning obstetrical evacuations received at the maternity ward of the Hospital of the Institute of Social Hygiene in Dakar between January 1 and December 31, 2020, i.e. a period of 12 months. Results: During the study period, we collected 1156 evacuees out of a total of 3507 patients treated in the Service, i.e. a frequency of 33%. The average age of the patients was 27.07 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. Patients aged between 20 and 29 were the most represented (51.73%). The average parity was 1.6 with extremes of 0 and 10 pares. The nulliparous (46.37%) were the majority. The majority of evacuated patients (99.6%) resided in the Dakar region, including 58% in the suburbs and 42% in the city center. The patients received had performed an average of 3 prenatal consultations with extremes ranging from 0 to 9 CPN. They most often came from health centers (55.05%) or hospitals (29.09%). The reasons for evacuations were dominated by dystocia (21.54%) followed by premature rupture of membranes (17.21%) and premature deliveries (16.35%). On admission, only 176 patients (15.2%) had an evacuation sheet. Patients transited on average through two health structures (extremes ranging from 0 to 7 structures) before reaching the reception structure. The evacuation was most often done with a private vehicle on the patient’s own means (91.96%). The outcome of the evacuees was most often vaginal delivery or hospitalization (72.79%). The majority of patients (99.4%) had evolved favorably but we deplore one maternal death (0.09%) linked to a late puerperal infection. We recorded 74 perinatal deaths and 1041 live births, i.e. a stillbirth rate of 71.1‰ live births. The causes of death were dominated by prematurit

关键词： Obstetrical Evacuations Institute of Social Hygiene Maternal-Fetal Prognosis

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High Blood Pressure and Pregnancy: Epidemiological, Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Prognostic Aspects at the Maternity Unit of the Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar (Senegal)

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2023年第4期11卷 140-150页

作者： Mouhamadou mansour Niang Fatou samb Kevin Nkondjio Cheikh Tidiane Cisse Gynecology-Obstetrics Department Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Objectives: To specify the epidemiological and clinical profile of the patients, to determine the methods of management and to evaluate the maternal and perinatal prognosis in the association of arterial hypertension and pregnancy (HTA) at the Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study on the management of the association of hypertension and pregnancy in the maternity ward of the Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar between January 1st, 2019 and on December 31st, 2020. Results: During the study period, we recorded 326 cases of hypertension associated with pregnancy among the 4290 pregnant women, i.e. a frequency of 7.6%. The epidemiological profile of the patients was that of a woman with an average age of 29, nulliparous (48.2%), married (99.1%), at a low socioeconomic level (61.3%) and with a personal history preeclampsia (14.4%). Most patients (83.1%) were evacuated or referred with pre-ec- lampsia as the main reason (40.8%). The average gestational age was 37 weeks of amenorrhea (SA) with extremes of 20 SA 6 days and 41 SA 5 days. Term pregnancies were the most represented (76.7%). Prenatal follow-up (CPN) was carried out in 319 patients (97.8%) with an average number of CPN of 3 and extremes of 1 and 9. Severe diastolic and severe systolic hypertension concerned respectively 19.3% and 16, 9% of patients. One hundred and eighty patients (55.2%) presented with oliguria. Strip albuminuria was performed in 235 patients (72.1%). It found 3 or more crosses in 38.3% of cases. We recorded 53 cases of anemia (16.3%), 16 cases of significant proteinuria (5%), hepatic cytolysis in 22 patients (6.7%), thrombocytopenia in 37 patients (11.3%), and 43 cases of hyperuricaemia (13.2%). Obstetric ultrasound found 36 cases of severe oligohydramnios (11%), 8 twin pregnancies (2.4%) and an umbilical Doppler anomaly in 10 patients (3.1%). Pre-eclampsia was the most common clinical form

关键词： HTA Pregnancy Preeclampsia Caesarean Section Prematurity

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Chemical characterization of essential oil from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis(D.R.) and Melaleuca leucadendron(Linn.)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第4期7卷 347-351页

作者： Rokhaya Fall Saliou Ngom Dienaba Sall Mbacke Sembène Abdoulaye samb Laboratory of Natural Products Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyCheikh Anta Diop University Center for the Development of Horticulture Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research Laboratory of Entomology Department of Animal BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyCheikh Anta Diop University

Objective: To isolate and identify the compounds in the essential oils from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis(D.R.) and Melaleuca leucadendron(Linn.) collected in Dakar,***: The essential oils from the leaves of these two myrtaceaes were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatograph and gas chromatography–mass ***: A total of 34 constituents were identified in the oil of Callistemon viminalis and the major compounds were 1.8-cineole(58.12%), limonene(9.72%), a-terpineol(9.56%),geranial(6.02%), d-elemene(3.53%), myrcene(2.96%) and a-pinene(2.49%).For the essential oil of Melaleuca leucadendron, 43 constituents were identified, and 1.8-cineole(28.87%), epiglobulol(23.06%), a-pinene(12.22%), limonene(11.65%) and a-terpineol(7.06%) were major ***: Considering properties of the identified major compounds, essential oils of both studied myrtaceae could be used in the medicine field including the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.

关键词： Callistemon viminalis Melaleuca leucadendron Essential oil Chemical composition

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体长频率分析法在塞内加尔沙丁鱼资源开发中的应用(英文)

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资源科学 2010年第4期32卷 620-626页

作者： Fambaye Ngom Sow Birane samb 程和琴 Oceanographic Research Center of Dakar-Thiaroye-CRODT Dakar Senegal 华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室上海200062

本研究利用Incofish项目开发的可持续发展指标开展渔业资源评估应用研究。研究对象为金色小沙丁鱼(Sardinella aurita)和短体小沙丁鱼(Sardinella maderensis)。数据来源于1990年—2005年间塞内加尔个体渔业渔获量及由DR FRIDTJOF NANSE... 详细信息

本研究利用Incofish项目开发的可持续发展指标开展渔业资源评估应用研究。研究对象为金色小沙丁鱼(Sardinella aurita)和短体小沙丁鱼(Sardinella maderensis)。数据来源于1990年—2005年间塞内加尔个体渔业渔获量及由DR FRIDTJOF NANSEN调查船在塞内加尔海域获得的渔获量。采用Froese(2004年)提出的三个可持续捕捞指标,为渔业资源量的开发状况作出诊断和评估。这些指标包括:渔获物中成鱼的百分比(以100%为最佳)、达到最适开捕体长鱼的百分比(以100%为最佳)和大型产卵鱼的百分比(以0%为最佳,体长大于最适开捕体长1.1倍的雌鱼即为大型产卵鱼)。分析结果表明:金色小沙丁鱼处于过度捕捞状态,幼鱼在其渔获物中占有优势地位,捕捞到的金色小沙丁鱼多数小于最适开捕体长,即生长型过度捕捞;短体小沙丁鱼处于充分开发利用状态。总体结果揭示,可持续捕捞指标能够成为替代或完善传统资源评估方法的有用工具。渔业相关的利益主体(包括公众)通过这些指标能够避免过度捕捞,从而更好地理解渔业管理。

关键词：可持续捕捞指标初次性成熟体长最适开捕体长小型中上层鱼塞内加尔

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Cam-Clay Models Using Castem 2000<sup>©</sup>and Plaxis<sup>©</sup>for the Study of the Slope Stability of the “Corniche Ouest” of the Dakar Peninsula (Senegal, West Africa)

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Geomaterials 2011年第2期1卷 51-58页

作者： Meissa Fall Serigne Sam samb Mapathé Ndiaye Oustasse A. Sall Fatou samb 不详

The stability of the natural slopes of the “Corniche Ouest” of Dakar Capital was intensively researched by previous [1] in [2] and recent studies [3]. Soils near the surface consist of weathered lateritic cuirass, silt and marl that have been intensively altered and fractured. Below these altered layers are limestones that are interbedded with other thin volcanic layers. Prior to the 1950s the area had been less urbanized. In the 1950s demand for habitations and administrative offices led to the development of the area but, no drainage system was available. In 1984 the area began moving down slope toward the ocean. Rates of movement were the fastest several months after the end of the rainy season and the slowest during the dry season. In the next years the earthflow moved as much as some meters, but in the processes the expensive homes and administrative buildings built became uninhabitable. Movement was caused by a combination of wave erosion along the coast removing some the mass resisting flow, added water due to the disposal of wastes, watering of lawns, and rainfall causing the clays to expand and weaken, and by the added weight of development on top of the flow. The first investigations, due to a lack of geotechnical information describe a stable area even though it was observed cracks and failure in habitations. The main results obtained were specially obtained by analytical techniques of slices. It is well known that the mechanical response of a solid mass of soil depends primarily on the laws of behavior which were affected to him. The Cam-Clay model is used with two comparative numerical codes such as Castem 2000?, a non commercial code and Plaxis 7.2? so as to compare the mechanical response of the slopes. The models of Cambridge are founded as simple theory and use only some soil mechanical parameters easy to determine. The results are founded highly different from a code to another, but they attest all that the system described is non stable. Otherwise

关键词： Corniche Ouest Stability Numerical Codes Cam Clay Movements Natural Slopes

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Determination of an Equivalent Loading Circle Which May Represent the Loading of the Dual Wheels

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2018年第2期8卷 234-244页

作者： Baye Birane Thiam Fatou samb Adama Dione Laboratoire de Mécanique et Modélisation UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Chef Département géotechnique UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal

This work aims to look for a simplifying surface that can represent the effect of the dual wheels on the variation of the stress and deformation state prevailing during the passage of traffic loads. This was facilitated by the results of Thiam (2016) [4] obtained on the distribution of the vertical contact stress in the space described by the dual wheels. The analysis of the results of this study, on all the loading circles considered, shows that the radius loading circle equal to 0.181 m makes it possible to most probably represent the effect of the dual wheels. With this new surface, the effect of the dual wheels can be determined in 2D. The choice of this load is confirmed by a study in case of overload. Thus, the single axle with dual wheels is represented by a simplified diagram equipped on each side by a disk of radius 0.181 m. These results are obtained using a numerical simulation under Cast3M with a gravelly lateritic pavement.

关键词： Dual Wheels Circular Surface Equivalent Loading Circle Single Axle with Dual Wheels Lateritic Gravelly Cast3M

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On the Functional Empirical Process and Its Application to the Mutual Influence of the Theil-Like Inequality Measure and the Growth

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Applied Mathematics 2013年第7期4卷 986-1000页

作者： Pape Djiby Mergane Gane samb Lo LERSTAD Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Sénégal LERSTAD Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Sénégal LSTA Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France

We set in this paper a coherent theory based on functional empirical processes that allows to consider both the poverty and the inequality indices in one Gaussian field in which the study of the influence of the one over the other is done. We use the General Poverty Index (GPI), that is a class of poverty indices gathering the most common ones and a functional class of inequality measures including the Entropy Measure, the Mean Logarithmic Deviation, the different inequality measures of Atkinson, Champernowne, Kolm and Theil called Theil-Like Inequality Measures (TLIM). Our results are given in a unified approach with respect to the two classes instead of their particular elements. We provide the asymptotic laws of the variations of each class over two given periods and the ratio of the variation and derive confidence intervals for them. Although the variances may seem somehow complicated, we provide R codes for their computations and apply the results for the pseudo-panel data for Senegalwith a simple analysis.

关键词： Functional Empirical Process Asymptotic Normality Welfare and Inequality Measure Weak Laws Pro and Anti-Poor Growth

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Probabilistic, Statistical and Algorithmic Aspects of the Similarity of Texts and Application to Gospels Comparison

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2015年第4期3卷 112-127页

作者： Soumaila Dembele Gane samb Lo LSTA Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France LERSTAD Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Sénégal Université des Sciences de Gestion de Bamako Bamako Mali

The fundamental problem of similarity studies, in the frame of data-mining, is to examine and detect similar items in articles, papers, and books with huge sizes. In this paper, we are interested in the probabilistic, and the statistical and the algorithmic aspects in studies of texts. We will be using the approach of k-shinglings, a k-shingling being defined as a sequence of k consecutive characters that are extracted from a text (k ≥ 1). The main stake in this field is to find accurate and quick algorithms to compute the similarity in short times. This will be achieved in using approximation methods. The first approximation method is statistical and, is based on the theorem of Glivenko-Cantelli. The second is the banding technique. And the third concerns a modification of the algorithm proposed by Rajaraman et al. ([1]), denoted here as (RUM). The Jaccard index is the one being used in this paper. We finally illustrate these results of the paper on the four Gospels. The results are very conclusive.

关键词： Similarity Web Mining Jaccard Similarity RU Algorithm Minhashing Data Mining Shingling Bible’s Gospels Glivenko-Cantelli Expected Similarity Statistical Estimation

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