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Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment and Saccharification of Paper Sludge as a Renewable Material for Cellulosic Fibers

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第9期12卷 1573-1591页

作者： samar el-Mekkawi Wafaa Abou-elseoud Shaimaa Fadel Enas Hassan Mohammad Hassan Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department National Research CentreDokkiGiza12622Egypt Cellulose and Paper Department National Research CentreDokkiGiza12622Egypt

Recycling of paper sludge waste is crucial for establishing a sustainable green *** waste contains valuable sugars that can be converted into important chemicals such as ethanol,poly hydroxybutyrate,and lactic ***,the main challenge in obtaining sugars in high yield from paper sludge is the high crystallinity of cellulose,which hinders *** address this,pretreatment using phosphoric acid was optimized using response surface methodology to facilitate cellulose hydrolysis with minimal energy and *** created prediction model using the response surface method considered factors such as acid concentration(ranging from 60%to 85%),consistency(ranging from 4%to 10%),temperature(ranging from 25℃to 80℃),and time(ranging from 0.5 to 4 h).The results revealed that the model’s significant factors affecting the yield were acid concentration,reaction time,temperature,and the product of acid concentration and temperature,while the model’s significant factors affecting the crystallinity were the consistency,the temperature,and their *** results showed that the optimum conditions for pretreatment were using an acid concentration of 64%,temperature of 25℃,consistency of 10%,and time of 30 *** hydrolysis of the conditionally pretreated paper sludge resulted in a weight loss of 42%,compared to only 18%weight loss in non-pretreated paper ***,the optimized conditions led to low levels of furfurals and acetic acid,which are undesirable by-products that can interfere with sugar *** total sugar obtained under the optimized conditions was 0.43 g glucose/g sample(10.46 g/L),while the contents of methyl furfural,furfural,and acetic acid were 21.65,235.7,and 4.57 mg/L,*** study demonstrates the potential of phosphoric acid for pretreatment and hydrolysis of paper sludge,enabling efficient saccharification and the production of sugars with minimal undesired by-products.

关键词： Waste valorization fermentable sugars response surface methodology acid hydrolysis cellulose crystallinity

Unique presentation of neonatal liver failure:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 221-226页

作者： Eman Al Atrash Amer Azaz samar Said Mohammad Miqdady Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric GastroenterologySheikh Khalifa Medical CityAbu Dhabi 971United Arab Emirates Department of Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BACKGROUND Acute fulminant liver failure rarely occurs in the neonatal *** etiologies include viral infection(15%),metabolic/genetic disease(10%),hematologic disorders(15%),and ischemic injury(5%).Gestational alloimmune liver disease usually manifests as severe neonatal liver failure,with extensive hepatic and extrahepatic iron overload,sparing the reticuloendothelial *** liver failure is a rare cause of liver failure where a patient presents with liver failure in the neonatal period with no hepatocytes in liver *** SUMMARY A 5-week-old male presented with *** examination revealed an alert but deeply icteric *** data demonstrated direct hyperbilirubinemia,a severely deranged coagulation profile,normal transaminase,and normal *** resonance imaging of the abdomen was suggestive of perinatal *** biopsy showed histiocytic infiltration with an absence of *** hemosiderin deposition was identified in a buccal mucosa *** Neonatal liver failure in the absence of hepatocellular regeneration potentially reflects an acquired or inborn defect in the regulation of hepatic regeneration.

关键词： Liver Hyperbilirubinemia Le foie vide Neonatal hemochromatosis Case report

Contrast Normalization Strategies in Brain Tumor Imaging:From Preprocessing to Classification

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1539-1562页

作者： samar M.Alqhtani Toufique A.Soomro Faisal Bin Ubaid Ahmed Ali Muhammad Irfan Abdullah A.Asiri Department of Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of electronic Engineering The University of LarkanoLarkanaSindh75660Pakistan Computer Science Department Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkurSindh65200Pakistan eletrical Engineering Department Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkurSindh65200Pakistan electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Radiological Sciences Department College of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia

Cancer-related to the nervous system and brain tumors is a leading cause of mortality in various *** resonance imaging(MRI)and computed tomography(CT)are utilized to capture brain *** plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of brain tumors and the examination of other brain ***,manual assessment of MRI images by radiologists or experts is performed to identify brain tumors and abnormalities in the early stages for timely ***,early diagnosis of brain tumors is intricate,necessitating the use of computerized *** research introduces an innovative approach for the automated segmentation of brain tumors and a framework for classifying different regions of brain *** proposed methods consist of a pipeline with several stages:preprocessing of brain images with noise removal based on Wiener Filtering,enhancing the brain using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)to obtain well-enhanced images,and then segmenting the region of interest using the Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)clustering technique in the third *** final step involves classification using the Support Vector Machine(SVM)*** classifier is applied to various types of brain tumors,such as meningioma and pituitary tumors,utilizing the Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging(CE-MRI)*** proposed method demonstrates significantly improved contrast and validates the effectiveness of the classification framework,achieving an average sensitivity of 0.974,specificity of 0.976,accuracy of 0.979,and a Dice Score(DSC)of ***,this method exhibits a shorter processing time of 0.44 s compared to existing *** performance of this method emphasizes its significance when compared to state-of-the-art methods in terms of sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,and *** enhance the method further in the future,it is feasible to standardize the approach by incorporating a set of classifiers to increase the robustness of the brain classi

关键词： Brain tumor magnetic resonance imaging principal component analysis fuzzy c-clustering support vector machine

Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide and memantine in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第5期14卷 207-214页

作者： Duaa M.Bakhshwin Foziya W.Alhalabi Mohamad Omar Barasheed Ahmed M.Bakhshwin Maha H.Jamal Mohammed A.Bazuhair Fatemah O.Kamel Rania M.Magadmi Zoheir A Damanhouri samar M.Alsaggaf Department of Clinical Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Hera General Hospital MakkahSaudi Arabia Department of Pathology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Clinical Anatomy Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Objective:To assess the effect of memantine combined with liraglutide on aluminum chloride(AlCl_(3))and D-galactose(D-GAL)-induced neurotoxicity in ***:Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each:the positive control,the negative control,the memantine-treated group,the liraglutide-treated group,and the combination group treated with memantine and ***_(3)and D-GAL were used to induce *** tests,brain beta-amyloid protein,and oxidative stress biomarkers were ***:The Morris water maze test indicated an enhanced memory in the combination ***,the combination treatment of liraglutide and memantine resulted in a remarkable reduction in the beta-amyloid protein level in the brain *** inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly reduced,and the levels of antioxidant parameters were ***:The combination of liraglutide and memantine exerts neuroprotective effects and enhances memory and cognitive functions in rats with Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Cognitive function Glucagonlike peptide-1 Liraglutide Memantine

Case Report and Clinical Management of a Case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Detected in the Prenatal Period

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第7期14卷 996-1002页

作者： Amina Chaieb Oumayma Ben Rejeb samar Knaz Yasmine Ben Ali Syrine Chelly Safia Ernez Mouna Derouiche Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Farhat Hached University Hospital Sousse Tunisia Faculty of Medicine Ibn Al Jazzar University of Sousse Sousse Tunisia

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disease characterized by bone fragility due to a defect in type I collagen synthesis. The diagnosis is typically suspected based on suggestive ultrasound findings and confirmed through genetic studies. We present a case of osteogenesis imperfecta suspected during obstetrical ultrasound at 19 weeks’ gestation, which was later confirmed radiographically through computed tomography. Due to the severity of the condition, therapeutic termination of pregnancy was indicated.

关键词： Osteogenesis Imperfecta Ultrasound Screening Antenatal Diagnosis

Laboratory diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni: Current status and future trends

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第6期12卷 243-249页

作者： Amira Taman samar N.el-Beshbishi Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects about 290 million patients worldwide. Children aged between 5 and 14 years represent 45.8% of the affected patients, in addition, schistosomiasis has been reported in Schistosoma-free areas, mostly because of tourism and immigration from endemic countries. Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is mainly diagnosed via direct stool examination for egg detection. Immunological methods are favoured for disease monitoring and preliminary checking for communities in areas with low infection rates, and for patients with light and chronic infections where parasitological tests are negative. PCR-based diagnostic techniques are more sensitive, but expensive. Tegument proteins and miRNAs are promising markers for diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Here we review the diagnostic methods for schistosomiasis mansoni aiming to reach a standardized technique for diagnosis of early infection to help better control of the disease.

关键词： Schistosoma mansoni elISA miRNA Tegument Polymerase chain reaction

Regulatory and activated effector T cells in chronic hepatitis C virus: Relation to autoimmunity

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第30期8卷 1287-1294页

作者： Hanan Fouad Maissa el Raziky Eman Medhat Hassan Ghada Mahmoud Abdel Aziz samar K Darweesh Ahmed Reda sayed Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Hail University Department of Hepato-gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Beni Suef University

AIMTo investigate how Tregs are regulated in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients via assessment of Tregs markers (granzyme 2, CD69 and FoxP3), Teffs markers [TNFRSF4 (OX40), INFG] and CD4, CD25 genes. METHODSA prospective study was conducted on 120 subjects divided into 4 groups: Group I (n = 30) treatment naïve chronic HCV patients; Group II (n = 30) chronic HCV treated with Peg/Riba; Group III (n = 30) chronic HCV associated with non-organ specific autoantibody and Group IV (n = 30) healthy persons as a control group. Tregs and Teffs markers were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTSChronic HCV patients exhibited significant higher levels of both Teffs and Tregs in comparison to healthy control group. Tregs markers were significantly decreased in Peg/Riba treated HCV patients in comparison to treatment naïve HCV group. In HCV patients with antinuclear antibody (ANA) +ve, Tregs markers were significantly decreased in comparison to all other studied groups. Teffs markers were significantly elevated in all HCV groups in comparison to control and in HCV group with ANA +ve in comparison to treatment naïve HCV group. CONCLUSIONelevated Tregs cells in chronic HCV patients dampen both CD4+ and CD8+ autologous T cell immune response. Interferon-α and ribavirin therapy suppress proliferation of Tregs. More significant suppression of Tregs was observed in HCV patients with autoantibodies favoring pathological autoimmune response.

关键词： Autoimmunity T regulatory cells Hepatitis C virus T activator cells Interferon

Flow cytometric detection of hepatitis C virus antigens in infected peripheral blood leukocytes: Binding and entry

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第33期11卷 5203-5208页

作者： Mostafa K el-Awady Ashraf A Tabll el-Rashdy M Redwan samar Youssef Moataza H Omran Fouad Thakeb Maha el-Demellawy Department of Biomedical Technology National Research Center Tahrir Street Dokki Cairo Egypt Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute New Borg el-Arab City Alexandria Egypt Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Egypt Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute New Borg el-Arab City Alexandria Egypt

AIM： We designed two synthetic-core-specific peptides core 1 （C1） and core 2 （C2）, and an E1-specific peptide （el）. We produced specific polyclonal antibodies against these peptides and used the antibodies for detection of HCV antigens on surface and within infected peripheral blood leukocytes. METHODS： Peripheral blood from a healthy individual who tested negative for HCV RNA was incubated with HCV type 4 infected serum for i h and 24 h at 37 ℃. Cells were stained by direct and indirect immunofluorescence and measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS： After 1 h of incubation, antibodies against C1, C2, and el detected HCV antigens on the surface of 27%, 26% and 73% of monocytes respectively, while 10%, 5% and 9% of lymphocytes were positive with anti-C1, anti-C2 and anti-E1 respectively. Only 1-3% of granulocytes showed positive staining with anti-C1, anti-C2 and anti E1 antibodies. After 24 h of incubation, we found no surface staining with anti-C1, anti-C2 or anti-E1. Direct immunostaining using anti-C2 could not detect intracellular HCV antigens, after 1 h of incubation with the virus, while after 24 h of incubation, 28% of infected cells showed positive staining. Only plus strand RNA was detectable intracellularly as early as 1 h after incubation, and remained detectable throughout 48 h post-infection. Interestingly, minus RNA strand could not be detected after 1 h, but became strongly detectable intracellularly after 24 h post-infection. CONCLUSION： Monocytes and lymphocytes are the preferred target cells for HCV infection in peripheral blood leukocytes. Our specific anti-core and anti-E1 antibodies are valuable reagents for demonstration of HCV cell cycle. Also, HCV is capable of infecting and replicating in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as confirmed by detection of minus strand HCV RNA as well as intracellular staining of core HCV antigen.

关键词： Flow cytometry Hepatitis C virus Envelope Core Antibodies Indirect immunofluorescence Minus and plus RNA strand Peripheral blood mononudear cells

Molecular mechanisms targeting drug-resistance and metastasis in colorectal cancer:Updates and beyond

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第9期29卷 1395-1426页

作者： samar Al Bitar Marwan el-Sabban Samer Doughan Wassim Abou-Kheir Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiological SciencesAmerican University of BeirutBeirut 1107-2020Lebanon Department of Surgery American University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirut 1107-2020Lebanon

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most diagnosed malignancy and a major leading cause of cancer-related deaths *** advances in therapeutic regimens,the number of patients presenting with metastatic CRC(mCRC)is increasing due to resistance to therapy,conferred by a small population of cancer cells,known as cancer stem *** therapies have been highly successful in prolonging the overall survival of patients with *** are being developed to target key molecules involved in drug-resistance and metastasis of CRC,and these include vascular endothelial growth factor,epidermal growth factor receptor,human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase,in addition to immune ***,there are several ongoing clinical trials of newly developed targeted agents,which have shown considerable clinical efficacy and have improved the prognosis of patients who do not benefit from conventional *** this review,we highlight recent developments in the use of existing and novel targeted agents against drug-resistant CRC and ***,we discuss limitations and challenges associated with targeted therapy and strategies to combat intrinsic and acquired resistance to these therapies,in addition to the importance of implementing better preclinical models and the application of personalized therapy based on predictive biomarkers for treatment selection.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Metastatic colorectal cancer Targeted therapy Drugresistance Personalized medicine