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Artificial light at night(ALAN) pollution alters bat lunar chronobiology:insights from broad-scale long-term acoustic monitoring

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Ecological Processes 2024年第01期13卷 176-187页

作者： Han Li Pauline Allen Saige Boris samantha Lagrama Jade Lyons Christina Mills Pauline Moussi Casey Nichols Carter Tacosik Mc Kenzie Tsaousis Nyzaya Livingston Wilson John f.Grider Kevin A.Parker Matina C.Kalcounis-Rueppell Department of Biology University of Nebraska Omaha Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Colorado Parks and Wild-life Parker Ecology LLC Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta

Background The timing of behavior and habitat use of nocturnal animals can be influenced by the lunar cycle in nature. The prevalence of artificial light at night(ALAN) has been recognized as a source of environmental pol-lution. The interaction between ALAN and the lunar cycle on bat behavior is important for understanding anthro-pogenic effects on bats. We utilized a decade(2012–2022) of acoustic monitoring data collected in North Carolina, United States, to investigate the relationship between bat activity, lunar cycle, and light pollution. We examined whether the amount of lunar illumination affected species-specific nightly activity and whether hourly bat activity patterns varied between nights with different moon phases. We further investigated if the relationship between bat activity and the lunar cycle might be altered by light *** We found that seven bat species showed activity variation across nights in relation to the amount of moon illumination when ALAN was absent. In general, bats were less active on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Light pollution interacted with the bat–lunar relationship in five of the seven species, masking the effect of the lunar cycle. We identified delayed bat activity patterns on nights with a full or waxing moon in seven species, and light pollution altered that pattern in four species. Overall, ALAN was associated with decreased bat activity inde-pendent of lunar cycle *** Our study demonstrated that at a broad spatial scale, ALAN negatively affected many North American temperate bat species and altered their lunar chronobiology. As light pollution is spreading to historically dark areas and habitats, ALAN might couple with other threats, such as the white-nose syndrome or climate change, to cause cascading damage in the environment that depends on ecosystem services such as pest control provided by bats. We argue that further research and conservation actions are needed to mitigate

关键词： Artificial light at night ALAN Bats Chiroptera Chronobiology Light pollution Lunar cycle Moonlight

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Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI)Model for Cancer Image Classification

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 401-441页

作者： Amit Singhal Krishna Kant Agrawal Angeles Quezada Adrian Rodriguez Aguiñaga samantha Jiménez Satya Prakash Yadav Department of Computer Science&Engineering Raj Kumar Goel Institute of TechnologyGhaziabad201017India Department of School of Computing Science and Engineering Galgotias UniversityGreater Noida203201India Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tijuana Baja California22414México Universidad Autónoma de Baja California TijuanaBaja California22414México Department of Computer Science and Engineering G.LBajaj Institute of Technology and Management(GLBITM)Affiliated to Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Technical UniversityLucknow201306India School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology(SCSET) Bennett UniversityGreater Noida201310India

The use of Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI)models becomes increasingly important for making decisions in smart healthcare *** is to make sure that decisions are based on trustworthy algorithms and that healthcare workers understand the decisions made by these *** models can potentially enhance interpretability and explainability in decision-making processes that rely on artificial ***,the intricate nature of the healthcare field necessitates the utilization of sophisticated models to classify cancer *** research presents an advanced investigation of XAI models to classify cancer *** describes the different levels of explainability and interpretability associated with XAI models and the challenges faced in deploying them in healthcare *** addition,this study proposes a novel framework for cancer image classification that incorporates XAI models with deep learning and advanced medical imaging *** proposed model integrates several techniques,including end-to-end explainable evaluation,rule-based explanation,and useradaptive *** proposed XAI reaches 97.72%accuracy,90.72%precision,93.72%recall,96.72%f1-score,9.55%fDR,9.66%fOR,and 91.18%*** will discuss the potential applications of the proposed XAI models in the smart healthcare *** will help ensure trust and accountability in AI-based decisions,which is essential for achieving a safe and reliable smart healthcare environment.

关键词： Explainable artificial intelligence artificial intelligence XAI healthcare cancer image classification

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Differential Expression of Mature MicroRNAs Involved in Muscle Maintenance of Hibernating Little Brown Bats, Myotis lucifugus: A Model of Muscle Atrophy Resistance

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2012年第5期10卷 295-301页

作者： samantha f.kornf.ld Kyle K.Biggar Kenneth B.Storey Institute of Biochemistry&Department of Biology Carleton University

Muscle wasting is common in mammals during extended periods of immobility. However, many small hibernating mammals manage to avoid muscle atrophy despite remaining stationary for long periods during hibernation. Recent research has highlighted roles for short non-coding microRNAs （miRNAs） in the regulation of stress tolerance. We proposed that they could also play an important role in muscle maintenance during hibernation. To explore this possibility, a group of 10 miRNAs known to be normally expressed in skeletal muscle of non-hibernating mammals were analyzed by RT-PCR in hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. We then compared the expression of these miRNAs in euthermic control bats and bats in torpor. Our results showed that compared to euthermic controls, sig- nificant, albeit modest （1.2-1.6 fold）, increases in transcript expression were observed for eight mature miRNAs, including miR-la-1, miR-29b, miR-181b, miR-15a, miR-20a, miR-206 and miR-128-1, in the pectoral muscle of torpid bats. Conversely, expression of miR-21 decreased by 80% during torpor, while expression of miR-107 remained unaffected. Interestingly, these miRNAs have been either validated or predicted to affect multiple muscle-specific factors, including myostatin, foxO3a, HDAC4 and SMADT, and are likely involved in the preservation of pectoral muscle mass and functionality during bat hibernation.

关键词： MlicroRNA Hibernation Metabolic rate depression Atrophy Dicer Myostatin

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Systems Biology Approach Pinpoints Minimum Requirements for Auxin Distribution during fruit Opening

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Molecular Plant 2019年第6期12卷 863-878页

作者： Xin-Ran Li Renske M.A.Vroomans samantha fox Veronica A.Grieneisen Lars Φstergaard Athanasius f.M.Maree Crop Genetics John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK Computational and Systems Biology John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK Centre of Excellence in Computational and Experimental Developmental Biology Institute of Biotechnology University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland Cell and Developmental Biology John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX Wales UK

The phytohormone auxin is implied in steering various developmental decisions during plant morphogenesis in a concentration-dependent *** maxima have been shown to maintain meristematic activity,for example,of the root apical meristem,and position new sites of outgrowth,such as during lateral root initiation and *** recently,it has been demonstrated that sites of auxin minima also provide positional *** the developingArabidopsis fruit,auxin minima are required for correct differentiation of the valve *** remains unclear,however,how this auxin minimum is generated and ***,we employ a systems biology approach to model auxin transport based on experimental *** allows us to determine the minimal requirements for its *** simulations reveal that two alternative processes-which we coin "flux-barrier" and "flux-passage"-are both able to generate an auxin minimum,but under different parameter *** models are in principle able to yield similar auxin profiles but present qualitatively distinct patterns of auxin *** models were tested by tissue-specific inducible ablation,revealing that the auxin minimum in the fruit is most likely generated by a flux-passage *** predictions were further supported through 3D PIN localization imaging and implementing experimentally observed transporter *** such an experimental-modeling cycle,we predict how the auxin minimum gradually matures during fruit development to ensure timely fruit opening and seed dispersal.

关键词： auxin mathematical modeling polar auxin transport fruit development systems biology of patterning

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MicroRNA Regulation in Extreme Environments: Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in the Intertidal Snail Littorina littorea During Extended Periods of freezing and Anoxia

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2012年第5期10卷 302-309页

作者： Kyle K.Biggar samantha f.kornf.ld Yulia Maistrovski Kenneth B.Storey Institute of Biochemistry&Department of Biology Carleton University

Several recent studies of vertebrate adaptation to environmental stress have suggested roles for microRNAs （miRNAs） in regulating glo- bal suppression of protein synthesis and/or restructuring protein expression patterns. The present study is the first to characterize stress- responsive alterations in the expression of miRNAs during natural freezing or anoxia exposures in an invertebrate species, the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea. These snails are exposed to anoxia and freezing conditions as their environment constantly fluctuates on both a tidal and seasonal basis. The expression of selected miRNAs that are known to influence the cell cycle, cellular signaling pathways, carbohydrate metabolism and apoptosis was evaluated using RT-PCR. Compared to controls, significant changes in expression were observed for miR-la-1, miR-34a and miR-29b in hepatopancreas and for miR-la-1, miR-34a, miR-133a, miR-125b, miR-29b and miR-2a in foot muscle after freezing exposure at -6 ~C for 24 h （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, in response to anoxia stress for 24 h, significant changes in expression were also observed for miR-la-1, miR-210 and miR-29b in hepatopancreas and for miR-1 a-1, miR-34a, miR-133a, miR-29b and miR-2a in foot muscle （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, protein expression of Dicer, an enzyme responsible for mature microRNA processing, was increased in foot muscle during freezing and anoxia and in hepatopancreas during freezing. Alterations in expression of these miRNAs in L. littorea tissues may contribute to organismal survival under freezing and anoxia.

关键词： freeze tolerance Anaerobiosis Metabolic rate depression Periwinkle Marine mollusk

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Genetics of anorexia nervosa:An overview of genome-wide association studies and emerging biological links

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第1期49卷 1-12页

作者： Clara de Jorge Martinez Gull Rukh Michael J.Williams Santino Gaudio samantha Brooks Helgi BSchi oth Department of Neuroscience Functional PharmacologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly School of Psychology Faculty of HealthLiverpool John Moores UniversityUK Department of Psychology School of Human and Community DevelopmentUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia

Anorexia nervosa(AN) is a complex disorder with a strong genetic component. Comorbidities are frequent and there is substantial overlap with other disorders. The lack of understanding of the molecular and neuroanatomical causes has made it difficult to develop effective treatments and it is often difficult to treat in clinical practice. Recent advances in genetics have changed our understanding of polygenic diseases,increasing the possibility of understanding better how molecular pathways are intertwined. This review synthetizes the current state of genetic research providing an overview of genome-wide association studies(GWAS) findings in AN as well as overlap with other disorders, traits, pathways, and imaging results. This paper also discusses the different putative global pathways that are contributing to the disease including the evidence for metabolic and psychiatric origin of the disease.

关键词： Anorexia nervosa Genome-wide association studies Genetic variants Psychiatry

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HDAC inhibitors overcome immunotherapy resistance in B-cell lymphoma

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Protein & Cell 2020年第7期11卷 472-482页

作者： Xiaoguang Wang Brittany C.Waschke Rachel A Woolaver samantha M.Y.Chen Zhangguo Chen Jing H.Wang Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusSchool of Medicine12800 E.19th AveMail Stop 8333AuroraCO 80045USA

Immunotherapy has been applied successully to treat B-cell lymphomas in preclinical models or clinical ***,immunotherapy resistance is a major challenge for B-cell lymphoma *** overcome this issue,combinatorlal therapeutic strategies have been pursued to achieve a better efficacy for treating B-cell *** of such strategies is to combine immunotherapy with histone deacetylase(HDAC)*** inhibitors can potentially increase tumor immunogenicity,promote antitumor immune respon-ses,or reverse immunosuppressive tumor ***,the combination of HDAC inhibitors and immunotherapy has drawn much attention in current cancer ***,not all HDAC inhibitors are created equal and their net effects are highly dependent on the specific inhibitors used and the HDACs they ***,we suggest that optimal treatment effh-cacy requires personalized design and rational combination based on prognostic biomarkers and unique profiles of HDAC ***,we discuss the possible mechanisms by which B-cell lymphomas acquire immunotherapy resistance and the effects of HDAC inhibitors on tumor cells and immune cells that could help overcome immunotherapy resistance.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy HDAC inhibitor B-cell lymphomas anti-PD1 resistance tumor immunogenicity

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Rational Design of Titanium Carbide MXene Electrode Architectures for Hybrid Capacitive Deionization

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2020年第3期3卷 398-404页

作者： samantha Buczek Michael L.Barsoum Simge Uzun Narendra Kurra Ryan Andris Ekaterina Pomerantseva Khaled A.Mahmoud Yury Gogotsi Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J.Drexel Nanomaterials Institute Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia PA 19104USA Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute(QEERI) Hamad Bin Khalifa University(HBKU)P.O.Box 34110Doha Qatar

Intercalation redox materials have shown great promise for efficient water desalination due to available faradaic gallery *** capacitive deionization(CDI)cells previously demonstrated using MXenes were often limited in their salt adsorption capacity(SAC)and voltage window of *** this study,current collector-and binder-free Ti3C2Tx MXene electrode architectures are designed with porous carbon as the positive electrode to demonstrate hybrid CDI(HCDI)***,MXene current collectors are fabricated by employing a scalable doctor blade coating technique and subsequently spray coating a layer of a small flake MXene *** redox-active galleries of MXenes are capable of intercalating a variety of aqueous cations including Na+,K+,and Mg2+ions,showing volumetric capacitances up to 250 f *** a result,a salt removal capacity of 39 mg g-1 with decent cycling stability is *** study opens new avenues for developing freestanding,binder-and additivefree MXene electrodes for HCDI applications.

关键词： MXene bi-stacked design water desalination purification CDI

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Restructuring the lithium-ion battery:A perspective on electrode architectures

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eScience 2023年第4期3卷 12-19页

作者： samantha N.Lauro James N.Burrow C.Buddie Mullins Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712-1224United States McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712-1589United States Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712-1591United States

The lithium-ion battery(LIB)has enabled portable energy storage,yet increasing societal demands have moti-vated a new generation of more advanced *** the discovery and optimization of battery active ma-terials has been the subject of extensive study since the 1980s,the most disruptive advancements of commercial LIBs in the past decade stem instead from overall cell design and *** pursuit of higher energy density and fast-charging capability,strategies focused on tuning the properties of composite electrode architectures(e.g.,porosity,conductivity,tortuosity,spatial heterogeneity)by restructuring the inactive component matrix of LIB electrode films have recently garnered *** perspective explores recent advances in electrode design through an applied lens,emphasizing synthetic platforms and future research directions that are scalable,commercially feasible,and applicable to a wide range of active *** introduce and critically assess recently proposed strategies for structuring electrode architectures,including spatial gradients of local compo-sition and microstructure;metal-foil current collector alternatives;and electrode templating techniques,evalu-ating both achievements in battery performance and commercial *** with improved active materials,new electrode architectures hold promise to unlock next generation LIBs.

关键词： Electrodes Composite films Batteries Microstructure Lithium-ion

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Non-Canonical functions of the E2f/DP Pathway with Emphasis in Plants

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 307-330页

作者： Víctor A.Sánchez-Camargo samantha Romero-Rodríguez Jorge M.Vázquez-Ramos facultad de Química Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAvenida Universidad y CopilcoCiudad de México04510México Plant Development and(Epi)Genetics Group Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversiteit van AmsterdamAmsterdam1098XHNetherlands

The E2f/DP pathway is a widely conserved regulatory mechanism in pluricellular *** family of E2f and DP transcription factors was originally described having a role in the transition from the G1 to the S phase of the cell ***,the discovery of hundreds of possible gene targets and their involvement in many other biochemical processes,soon showed that they participated in cell development and differentiation,chromatin remodeling,DNA repair and *** E2f/DP transcription factors can act as either activators or repressors of transcription depending on their association to other regulatory proteins,particularly the retinoblastoma protein,or even depending to their protein structure that can define their *** plants the E2f/DP pathway also regulates endoreduplication,a process present along the life cycle,from organ elongation to root differentiation and *** transcription factors also help plant cells to respond to environmental disturbances such as those caused by different types of radiation,or by *** review focuses on the“so called”non-canonical functions of the E2f/DP family proteins in animal and plant cells,that are in fact essential activities that connect regulatory circuits among multiple metabolic pathways by means of their atypical functions.

关键词： E2f DP transcription factors atypical functions plant cells

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