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Mammalian cell cultures as models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) interaction studies:A review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第9期9卷 809-816页

作者： Walter Chingwaru Richard H.Glashoff Jerneja Vidmar Petrina Kapewangolo samantha l.sampson DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research Division of Molecular Biology and Human GeneticsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch University Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceBindura University Science Education Division of Medical Virology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch University Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University Medical Centre Maribor Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Namibia

Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) co-infections have remained a major public health concern worldwide,particularly in Southern *** our understanding of the molecular interactions between the pathogens has remained poor,primarily due to lack of suitable preclinical models for such *** reviewed the use,this far,of mammalian cell culture models in HIV-MTB interaction *** have described the use of primary human cell cultures,including monocyte-derived macrophage(MDM) fractions of peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC),alveolar macrophages(AM),cell lines such as the monocyte-derived macrophage cell line(U937),T lymphocyte cell lines(CEMx174,ESAT-6-specific CD4+ T-cells) and an alveolar epithelial cell line(A549) and special models such as stem cells,three dimensional(3D) or organoid cell models [including a blood-brain barrier(BBB) cell model] in HIV-MTB interaction *** use of cell cultures from other mammals,including:mouse cell lines [macrophage cell lines RAW 264.7 and J774.2,fibroblast cell lines(NIH 3T3,C3 H clones),embryonic fibroblast cell lines and T-lymphoma cell lines(***,TIMI.4 and R1.1)]; rat(T cells:Rat2,RGE,XC and HH16,and alveolar cells:NR8383) and primary guinea pigs derived AMs,in HIV-MTB studies is also *** the spectrum of the models available,cell cultures offer great potential for host-HIV-MTB interactions studies.

关键词： HIV Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell lines Primary cell models Co-infection

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Ocular therapies for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: more than meets the eye

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1755-1756页

作者： samantha J.Murray Nadia l.Mitchell Faculty of Agricultural and life Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses(NCls),also known as Batten disease,are a group of inherited,neurodegenerative,lysosomal storage diseases typically manifesting in *** are currently 13 known forms of NCl resulting from various mutations in the ClN(ceroid lipofuscinoses neuronal)genes(ClN1-8 and ClN10-14).Although varying in onset and severity,the NCls share several phenotypic features including seizures,motor dysfunction,cognitive decline,and progressive loss of vision(Mole et al.,2011).Current treatment strategies being investigated in pre-clinical studies and early stage clinical trials primarily target the brain and spinal *** these potential therapeutics show promise in attenuating neurological disease,protection against retinal dysfunction and degeneration is generally ineffective or not reported.

关键词： degeneration primarily typically

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Could diffuse coevolution explain the generic eggshell color of the brown-headed cowbird?

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 645-652页

作者： Daniel HANlEY Beheshteh MOGHADDAME-JAFARI samantha l.RUTlEDGE Department of Biology George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Department of Biology Mansfield University of PennsylvaniaMansfieldPA 16933USA Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

The brown-headed cowbird(hereafter cowbird)is an avian brood parasite that produces an egg dissimilar to those produced by the majority of its diverse host *** cowbird’s generic egg may result from a Jack-of-all-trades strategy;however,the evolutionary mechanisms that select for their generic eggs are *** we propose that the cowbird’s eggshell phenotypes have evolved via diffuse coevolution,which results from community-level selective pressures,rather than via pairwise coevolution that occurs between a particular host species and its brood *** diffuse coevolution the cowbird’s host community,with varying eggshell phenotypes and recognition abilities,would select for a cowbird eggshell phenotype intermediate to those of its host *** selection is exerted by hosts that reject cowbird eggs,rather than those that accept them;therefore,we expect cowbird eggshell colors can be approximated by both the phenotypes and rejection abilities of their host *** we use eggshell reflectance data from 43 host species to demonstrate that the cowbird eggshell phenotypes are reasonably predicted(within 2 just noticeable differences)by the eggshell phenotypes and rejection rates of their *** findings suggest that cowbird eggshell phenotypes,and potentially those of other some generalist parasites,may evolve via diffuse ***,this research provides insight into the underlying evolutionary processes that explain observed phenotypic variation and provides a framework for studying selection on both specialist and generalist parasites’traits.

关键词： cowbird diffuse coevolution egg rejection

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Evaluation of the AGCU Expressmarker 16 and 22 PCR Amplification Kits Using Biological Samples Applied to FTA Micro Cards in Reduced Volume Direct PCR Amplification Reactions

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 3-7页

作者： samantha J Ogden Kathryn l lamerton Peter J Tatnell R&D Bio-Research ToolsGE Healthcare Life SciencesThe Maynard CentreForest FarmWhitchurchCardiffUK

This study evaluated the performance of the Wuxi AGCU ScienTech Incorporation(HuiShan,Wuxi,China)AGCU Expressmarker 16(EX 16)and 22(EX22)short tandem repeat(STR)amplification kits in reduced reaction volumes using direct polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification *** commercially available PowerPlex21(PP21)System(Promega,Wisconsin,USA),which follows similar direct workflows,was used as a *** blood applied to chemically impregnated FTATM Micro Cards(GE Healthcare UK limited,Amersham Place,little Chalfont,Buckinghamshire,HP79NA,UK)was used to represent a complex biological *** concordance,first‑pass success rate,average peak heights,heterozygous peak height ratios(HPHRs),and intracolor and intercolor peak height balance were *** reduced volume PCR reactions,the performances of both the EX16 and EX22 STR amplification kits were comparable to that of the PP21 *** level of performance was maintained at PCR reaction volumes,which are 40%of that *** EX22 and PP21 System kits possess comparable overlapping genome *** study evaluated the performance of the AGCU EX16 and EX22 STR amplification kits in reduced PCR reaction volumes using direct workflows in combination with whole blood applied to FTATM Micro *** concordance,first‑pass success rate,average peak heights,HPHRs,and intracolor and intercolor peak height balance were determined.A concordance analysis was completed that compared the performance of the EX16 and EX22 kits using human blood applied to FTA Micro Cards in combination with full,half,and reduced PCR reaction *** PP21 System(Promega)was used as a reference *** appropriate,the distributions of data were assessed using the Shapiro‑Wilk *** normally‑distributed data,statistics were calculated using analysis of variance(ANOVA)and for nonparametric data the Wilcoxon/Kruskal‑Wallis test was *** significance was set at P<*** interva

关键词： Direct amplification DNA typing dried blood spots expressmarker(EX) forensic DNA analysis forensic science FTA sample collection cards short tandem repeat(STR)profiling

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Physics-based modeling of crowd evacuation in the Unity game engine

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2018年第4期9卷 108-138页

作者： Walter Alan Cantrell Mikel D.Petty samantha l.Knight Whitney K.Schueler University of Alabama in Huntsville 301 Sparkman Drive OKT N353Huntsville Alabama 35899United States of America

Crowds of people are often found in enclosed or constricted *** in such situations is usually conducted calmly,but real or perceived danger may trigger *** panicked crowds,the interpersonal distance crowd members normally observe is often overwhelmed by the physical pressure of crowd members pushing against each *** pressure can both slow evacuation and lead to injury or *** have been developed to study crowd evacuation in a range of *** paper describes the implementation,testing,and validation of a crowd evacuation model using Unity,a commercial computer game engine.A realistic physics-based model of crowd movement that calculates and considers the physical pressure crowd members exert on each other was implemented in *** implemented model was tested under both nonpanicked and panicked scenarios;those tests exhibited known qualitative characteristics of such *** model was then quantitatively validated by comparing its results to the outcome of an actual evacuation event,the 2003 fire at The Station nightclub in Rhode *** implementation and validation show that Unity can be an effective tool for evacuation modeling.

关键词： Crowd modeling crowd movement evacuation modeling game engines Unity.

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Rational Design of Titanium Carbide MXene Electrode Architectures for Hybrid Capacitive Deionization

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2020年第3期3卷 398-404页

作者： samantha Buczek Michael l.Barsoum Simge Uzun Narendra Kurra Ryan Andris Ekaterina Pomerantseva Khaled A.Mahmoud Yury Gogotsi Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J.Drexel Nanomaterials Institute Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia PA 19104USA Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute(QEERI) Hamad Bin Khalifa University(HBKU)P.O.Box 34110Doha Qatar

Intercalation redox materials have shown great promise for efficient water desalination due to available faradaic gallery *** capacitive deionization(CDI)cells previously demonstrated using MXenes were often limited in their salt adsorption capacity(SAC)and voltage window of *** this study,current collector-and binder-free Ti3C2Tx MXene electrode architectures are designed with porous carbon as the positive electrode to demonstrate hybrid CDI(HCDI)***,MXene current collectors are fabricated by employing a scalable doctor blade coating technique and subsequently spray coating a layer of a small flake MXene *** redox-active galleries of MXenes are capable of intercalating a variety of aqueous cations including Na+,K+,and Mg2+ions,showing volumetric capacitances up to 250 F *** a result,a salt removal capacity of 39 mg g-1 with decent cycling stability is *** study opens new avenues for developing freestanding,binder-and additivefree MXene electrodes for HCDI applications.

关键词： MXene bi-stacked design water desalination purification CDI

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Photoexcitation dynamics in solution-processed formamidinium lead iodide perovskite thin films for solar cell applications

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light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Hong-Hua Fang Feng Wang sampson Adjokatse Ni Zhao Jacky Even Maria Antonietta loi Photophysics&OptoElectronics Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 4Groningen 9747 AGThe Netherlands Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong UniversitéEuropéenne de Bretagne INSAFOTONUMR 608235708 RennesFrance

Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI3)is a newly developed hybrid perovskite that potentially can be used in high-efficiency solution-processed solar ***,the temperature-dependent dynamic optical properties of three types of FAPbI3 perovskite films(fabricated using three different precursor systems)are comparatively *** time-resolved photoluminescence(Pl)spectra reveal that FAPbI3 films made from the new precursor(a mixture of formamidinium iodide and hydrogen lead triiodide)exhibit the longest lifetime of 439 ns at room temperature,suggesting a lower number of defects and lower non-radiative recombination losses compared with FAPbI3 obtained from the other two *** the temperature-dependent Pl spectra,a phase transition in the films is clearly ***,exciton-binding energies of 8.1 and 18 meV for the high-and lowtemperature phases are extracted,***,the Pl spectra for all of the samples show a single peak at room temperature,whereas at liquid-helium temperature the emission features two peaks:one in higher energy displaying a fast decay(0.5 ns)and a second red-shifted peak with a decay of up to several *** two emissions,separated by~18 meV,are attributed to free excitons and bound excitons with singlet and triplet characters,respectively.

关键词： formamidinium lead iodide low temperature perovskite photoluminescence triplet exciton

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Optogenetic inhibition of medial prefrontal cortex projections to the nucleus accumbens core and methyl supplementation via l-Methionine attenuates cocaine-primed reinstatement

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 795-803页

作者： Katherine N.WRIGHT Amanda M.DOSSAT Caroline E.STRONG lindsay l.SAIlER samantha M.PAVlOCK Mohamed KABBAJ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Program in Neuroscience Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA National Institute on Drug Abuse BaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Biomedical Sciences College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA

DNA methylation has been identified as a powerful and activity-dependent regulator of changes in the brain that may underlie neuroadaptations in response to various types of stimuli,including exposure to drugs of ***,the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)projections to the nucleus accumbens(NAc)are critically important for reinstated cocaine-seeking in a rodent model of cocaine *** circuitry undergoes several epigenetic modifications following cocaine exposure,including changes in DNA methylation that are associated with drug-seeking *** have previously shown that methyl supplementation via l-Methionine(MET)administration attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior and reverses expression and methylation patterns of the immediate early gene c-fos,suggesting that MET may act by altering the excitability of this circuitry during cocaine *** the current study,male rats were microinjected with an adeno-associated virus overexpressing halorhodopsin in the mPFC,optical fibers were surgically implanted into the NAc,and the rats were given injections of MET *** underwent acquisition of cocaine self-administration(0.75 mg/kg/infusion,2-h sessions)followed by extinction training in the absence of drug-paired *** reinstatement tests were conducted:cue-induced reinstatement without optogenetic manipulations and cocaine-primed reinstatement with optogenetic inhibition of mPFC-to-NAc *** were no group differences before the cocaine-primed reinstatement session,and all groups showed robust cue-induced *** rats treated with MET and rats that received mPFC-to-NAc inhibition showed an abolishment of cocaine-primed reinstatement,suggesting that systemic methyl supplementation may act through this critical circuity.

关键词： cocaine-primed reinstatement corticolimbic DNA methylation methionine optogenetics

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Which psychosocial factors are associated with return to sport following concussion? A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 438-449页

作者： Jacqueline van Ierssel Kaleigh Ferdinand Pennock Margaret sampson Roger Zemek Jeffrey G.Caron Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 2W6Canada Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada Faculty of Medicine University of MontrealMontrealQC H3T 1J4Canada Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation MontrealQC H3S 1M9Canada

Background:Psycho social factors predict recurrent inj ury and return to preinjury level of performance following orthopedic injury but are poorly understood following *** management protocols prioritize physical measures of ***,the objective of this study was to describe the psychosocial factors associated with return to sport(RTS) and how they are measured in athletes who sustained a ***:MEDlINE,Embase,APA PsycINFO,CINAHl,and SPORTDiscus were searched through February 2,*** studies included original peer-reviewed publications describing psychosocial factors associated with RTS following a diagnosed *** primary outcome was scales or measures employed and/or key thematic ***:Of the 3615 studies identified,10 quantitative cohort studies(Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level-3) representing 2032 athletes(85% male;high-school and collegiate collision/contact athletes) and 4 qualitative studies representing 66 athletes(74% male;70% American football;aged 9-28 years) were *** identified 3 overarching themes and 10 outcome measures related to psychosocial factors associated with RTS following concussion:(a) fear(e.g,of recurrent concussion,of RTS,of losing playing status);(b) emotional factors(e.g,depression,anxiety,perceived stress,mental health,disturbance mood);and(c) contextual factors(e.g,social support,pressure,sense of identity).Conclusion:Although current medical clearance decisions prioritize physical measures of recovery,evidence suggests diverse psychosocial factors influence RTS following *** remains unclear which psychosocial factors contribute to a successful RTS,including the influence of sex/gender and *** studies should evaluate the association of psychological readiness with physical measures of recovery at medical clearance,preinjury level of performance,and risk of recurrent concussion to support RTS clinical decision-making.

关键词： Concussion Recovery Rehabilitation Sport psychology Sporting injuries

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Evolution of non‑lichenized,saprotrophic species of Arthonia(Ascomycota,Arthoniales)and resurrection of Naevia,with notes on Mycoporum

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第3期102卷 205-224页

作者： Vinodhini Thiyagaraja Robert lücking Damien Ertz Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe samantha C.Karunarathna Erio Camporesi Kevin D.Hyde CAS Key laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50002Thailand World Agro Forestry Centre East and Central Asia Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Freie Universitat BerlinKonigin‑Luise‑Str.6-814195 BerlinGermany Research Department Meise Botanic GardenNieuwelaan 381860 MeiseBelgium Service Général de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Fédération Wallonie-BruxellesRue A.Lavallée 11080 BrusselsBelgium A.M.B.G.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani” Via Roma 18ForliItaly A.M.B Circolo Micologico“Giovanni carini”C.P.314BresciaItaly Societa per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144BagnacavalloRAItaly

Fungi that are barely lichenized or non-lichenized and closely related to lichenized taxa,the so-called borderline fungi,are an important element in reconstructing the evolutionary history of lichenized *** is a prime example including non-lichenized,saprotrophic lineages which potentially were precursors to lichenized *** this study,we focused on saprotrophic species of Arthonia sensu lato,including new sequence data for Arthonia *** obtained fresh material of this taxon from a living branch of Fraxinus ornus in Italy to assess its taxonomic status and to elucidate its phylogenetic relationships within *** sections of the thallus and ascomata of *** confirmed the absence of a *** likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined mtSSU,nulSU and RPB2 sequence data placed the species close to ***(barely lichenized or non-lichenized)and ***(non-lichenized)in a clade closely related to Arthonia sensu stricto,and the *** clade is here resurrected under the name *** character state analysis within a broader context of Arthoniales does not support the saprotrophic lifestyle to be a plesiomorphic feature,but suggests loss of lichenization in Naevia,as well as loss and possible regain in a second clade containing saprotrophic species and including taxa resembling Mycoporum,underlining the evolutionary plasticity of *** two clades constitute model taxa to further investigate the evolution of alternative biological lifestyles within the context of chiefly lichenized taxa.

关键词： Arthonia susa Arthothelium Evolution lichenization Mycarthonia Pseudoarthonia Saprobes

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