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能源地球科学(英文) 2020年第3期1卷 174-193页

作者： Dorrik Stow Uisdean Nicholson samantha kearsey Dominic Tatum Andy Gardiner Amer Ghabra Mahmoud Jaweesh EGIS-IGE Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUK Glasgow International College 56 Dumbarton RoadGlasgowG116NUUK Department of Geology and Petroleum Exploration Engineering Faculty of Petroleum EngineeringSyrian Private UniversityDamascusSyria School of Geography University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

The Tigris-Euphrates is a continental-scale fluvial system,around 2800 km in length,which drains over 1 million km2 of SWAsia.The system originated in the Late Miocene and developed into the principal axial drainage system of the region,which follows broad regional structural features of the Mesopotamian Foreland Basin.Good preservation and outcropping of the Pliocene and Quaternary Euphrates deposits yield a viable local analogue for subsurface fluvial reservoirs in the region,and for other fluvial systems that have developed in foreland basin settings.This paper documents the first detailed study of the sedimentary characteristics of these Pliocene and Quaternary fluvial deposits along the middle reaches of the present-day Euphrates in Syria.The Euphrates fluvial system developed from small and probably short-lived isolated cut-and-fill channels in the Pliocene,characterised by abundant debrite and slump facies,through to a broad meandering system at present.The Quaternary deposits represent a braided to meandering system that was more energetic than that of the modern day Euphrates.The Quaternary facies include a dominance of gravels,pebbly sands and sands as channel associations,coupled with sands,muds and paleosols representing channel abandonment,overbank and crevasse-splay associations.Channel widths,where observed,range from 50 to 500 m,and minimum fill thicknesses range from 3 to 7 m.The combined channel-fill for stacked channels is up to 25 m thick.Lateral correlation of channel elements over at least 1 km of section indicates that rapid and extensive lateral migration has occurred.Crevasse splay lobes can be identified in the overbank deposits,with a width of 30e60 m and sand thickness of 0.5e1.5 m.The geometry,nature and dimensions of these architectural elements provide a useful analogue for subsurface reservoirs.The high-energy channel facies of the Quaternary system show very good reservoir attributes,with good correlation and connectivity.At the bed-scale there is significant heterogeneity of char

关键词： Euphrates river Fluvial facies Fluvial architecture Reservoir analogue

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Using clinical cases to guide healthcare

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第9期12卷 1555-1559页

作者： Michael Colwill samantha Baillie Richard Pollok Andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

Evidence-based practice(EBP)has been the gold standard in healthcare for nearly three centuries and aims to assist physicians in providing the safest and most effective healthcare for their patients.The well-established hierarchy of evidence lists systematic reviews and meta-analyses at the top however these methodologies are not always appropriate or possible and in these instances case-control studies,case series and case reports are utilised to support EBP.Case-control studies allow simultaneous study of multiple risk factors and can be performed rapidly and relatively cheaply.A recent example was during the Coronavirus pandemic where case-control studies were used to assess the efficacy of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers.Case series and case reports also play a role in EBP and are particularly useful to study rare diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease in transgender and gender non-conforming individuals.They are also vital in generating and disseminating early signals and encouraging further research.Whilst these methodologies have weaknesses,particularly with regards to bias and loss of patient confidentiality for rare pathologies,they have an important part to play in EBP and when appropriately utilised can significantly impact upon clinical practice.

关键词： Evidence based medicine Hierarchy of evidence Case reports Case series

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Molecular insights into clinical trials for immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer:Unravelling challenges and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第13期30卷 1815-1835页

作者： samantha Sharma Naresh Singh Anita Ahmed Turk Isabella Wan Akshay Guttikonda Julia Lily Dong Xinna Zhang Mateusz Opyrchal Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a complex disease with diverse etiologies and clinical outcomes.Despite considerable progress in development of CRC therapeutics,challenges remain regarding the diagnosis and management of advanced stage metastatic CRC(mCRC).In particular,the five-year survival rate is very low since mCRC is currently rarely curable.Over the past decade,cancer treatment has significantly improved with the introduction of cancer immunotherapies,specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors.Therapies aimed at blocking immune checkpoints such as PD-1,PD-L1,and CTLA-4 target inhibitory pathways of the immune system,and thereby enhance anti-tumor immunity.These therapies thus have shown promising results in many clinical trials alone or in combination.The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy,either alone or in combination with CRC,have been investigated in several clinical trials.Clinical trials,including KEYNOTE-164 and CheckMate 142,have led to Food and Drug Administration approval of the PD-1 inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab,respectively,for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high or deficient mismatch repair CRC.Unfortunately,these drugs benefit only a small percentage of patients,with the benefits of immunotherapy remaining elusive for the vast majority of CRC patients.To this end,primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy remains a significant issue,and further research is necessary to optimize the use of immunotherapy in CRC and identify biomarkers to predict the response.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors in CRC.The underlying rationale,challenges faced,and potential future steps to improve the prognosis and enhance the likelihood of successful trials in this field are discussed.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Immune checkpoint inhibitors Clinical trials Immunotherapy Microsatellite instability Microsatellite stability DNA mismatch repair

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You Know the Slang?Carved in Stone

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英语角 2024年第18期 34-35页

作者： samantha 不详

I'vegotanew board game.Do you want to play?It's a word game.You have to make words on the board with the letters you have.我有一个新的棋盘游戏。你想玩吗?这是一个单词游戏。你必须用你拿到的字母在棋盘上组词。

关键词：组词 word letters

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Do You Know The Slang?

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英语角 2024年第12期 34-35页

作者： samantha 不详

嘿,对不起我迟到了!我的电动车出了点问题,我不得不坐公交车过来。说实话,它"driveme up the wall"!我准备把它卖掉买辆新的。

关键词：电动车公交车说实话

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Mistreatment during Childbirth: Impact on Maternal Outcomes and Importance of Provider Perspectives

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第2期14卷 227-233页

作者： samantha Truong Katherine Lindsey Doughty Mary Greenwald Annekathryn Goodman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston USA

Background: Dying in childbirth is one of the most common causes of death for women. While maternal mortality rates, defined as deaths per 100,000 live births, have been steadily dropping in most countries worldwide, maternal mortality rates have doubled in the United States in the last twenty years. This commentary examines the various contributing factors to this trend. Methods: A literature review was performed using the keywords: maternal mortality, United States, disrespectful maternity care, obstetric violence, provider perspectives, and disparities. Maternal mortality statistics were obtained from the World Health Organization website. Results: Medical factors associated with maternal mortality include increased maternal age and cardiovascular conditions. Social factors include barriers to healthcare access, delays in receiving medical care, reduction in reproductive health services in some states, and non-obstetrical deaths such as accidents, domestic violence, and suicide. Racial inequities and disparities of care are reflected in higher maternal mortality rates for minorities and people of color. Disrespectful maternity care or obstetric violence has been reported worldwide as a factor in delay of lifesaving obstetrical care and reluctance by a pregnant person to access the healthcare system. About one in five US women has reported experiencing mistreatment, varying from verbal abuse to lack of privacy, from coerced procedures to neglect during childbirth. Conclusion: This commentary highlights the importance of inclusion of providers in research on respectful maternity care. Provider burnout, moral distress, limited time, and burden of clinical responsibilities are known challenges to respectful and comprehensive medical care. The association of disrespectful care with poor maternal outcomes needs to be studied. Exploring root causes of disrespectful childbirth care can empower nurses, midwives, and physicians to improve their environment and find solutions to reduce a potential cause of maternal morta

关键词： Maternal Mortality United States Disrespectful Maternity Care Obstetric Vi-olence Provider Perspectives Disparities

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趣话英语 Buzz Buzz

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英语角 2024年第13期 36-39页

作者： samantha 不详

同学们,你们喜欢吃奶酪吗?本期,Abby和Jack围绕着奶酪展开了一段有趣的小故事,一起来看看吧!Real Cheese真正的奶酪Abby:I wish my parents would take me to Europe.Jack:Why do you want to go there?Abby:I loveEuropeanfood,especiallypizza.Jack:You don't need to go to Italy to eat pizza;you can eat it here.Abby:But I want to eat real Italian pizza with authentic(正宗的)European cheese on top!

关键词： Italian authentic Buzz

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