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Heart healthy equals prostate healthy and statins, aspirin, and/or metformin （S.A.M.） are the ideal recommendations for prostate cancer prevention

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Asian journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 783-791,I0008页

作者： Mark A Moyad Nicholas j Vogelzang Department of Urology University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor Michigan USA Developmental Therapeutics Committee and Genitourinary Committee for US Oncology Research Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada USA

Cardiovascular disease （CVD） has been the number one cause of death in the U.S. for 114 of the last 115 years. Lifestyle factors that promote CVD also appear to increase prostate cancer risk and those that reduce CVD risk also appear to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The largest randomized trials utilizing dietary supplements or pharmacologic agents for prostate cancer prevention （Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial [SELECT]） have also shed light on the problems and future solutions in this area. Dietary supplements that have not been found to be CVD protective, such as selenium and Vitamin E have not been found to be prostate protective. In addition, over exposure to specific anti-oxidants in nutritionally replete populations may be encouraging cancer growth. Futuretrials of dietary supplements to prevent prostate cancer could be problematic because by the time a definitive trial is initiated the participants will no longer be ＂deficient＂ in the nutrient being tested, which arguably occurred in the SELECT trial. It is also interesting that statins, aspirin, and/or metformin （S.A.M.） are 3 generic, low-cost, heart healthy agents derived from natural sources with separate mechanism of actions, which all appear to have the best benefit to risk ratio compared to any other agent available for prostate cancer prevention, especially aggressive disease, or as an ancillary agent （s） to conventional cancer treatment. It is time to focus on the forest over the trees and recommend proven CVD protective measures for men concerned about their risk of prostate cancer.

关键词： aspirin diet lifestyle metformin prostate cancer statins

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A simulation study on the thermal and wetting behavior of alkane thiol sam on gold(111) surface

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2014年第4期24卷 405-411页

作者： j.Meena Devi Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) and School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (SEEE) SASTRA University

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate the structural,thermal and wetting properties of self-assembled monolayer(sam) of alkane thiol on gold *** specific heat capacity of the gold sam surface was found to linearly increase with the temperature in the range 100–300 *** was found to drop down at 400 K and this decrease might be attributed to the disorder of the sam *** of gold sam surface for two different terminal groups,namely methyl(hydrophobic),and hydroxy(hydrophilic) was studied at room *** difference in their wetting behavior and the structure of their interfacial water were examined from the estimation of the z density profile,radial distribution function,hydrogen bonds and orientation of water dipoles in the interfacial *** present simulation results suggest that the wetting behavior of the gold sam surface can be modified by altering the terminal functional group of the sam chains.

关键词： Gold surface Self-assembled monolayer(sam) Specific heat capacity Hydration and Molecular dynamics simulation

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sam68 is a regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第1期14卷 107-117页

作者： jeffrey A Tomalka Tristan j de jesus Parameswaran Ramakrishnan Department of Pathology School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland OH 44106 USA

Recognition of pathogens by Toll-like receptors （TLR） activate multiple signaling cascades and expression of genes tailored to mount a primary immune response, inflammation, cell survival and apoptosis. Although TLR-induced activation of pathways, such as nuclear factor kappaB （NF-κB） and mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPK）, has been well studied, molecular entities controlling quantitative regulation of these pathways during an immune response remain poorly defined. We identified sam68 as a novel regulator of TLR-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation. We found that TLR2 and TLR3 are totally dependent, whereas TLR4 is only partially dependent on sam68 to induce the activation of NF-KB c-Rel. Absence of sam68 greatly decreased TLR2- and TLR3-induced NF-κB p65 activation, whereas TLR4- induced p65 activation in a sam68-independent manner. In contrast, sam68 appeared to be a negative regulator of MAPK pathways because absence of sam68 enhanced TLR2-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases （ERK） and c-jun N-terminal kinases （jNK）. Interestingly, TLR2- and TLR3-induced gene expression showed a differential requirement of sam68. Absence of sam68 impaired TLR2-induced gene expression, suggesting that sam68 has a critical role in myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-dependent TLR2 signaling. TLR3-induced gene expression that utilize Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing beta interferon pathway, depend only partially on sam68. Our findings suggest that sam68 may function as an immune rheostat that balances the activation of NF-κB p65 and c-Rel, as well as MAPK, revealing a potential novel target to manipulate TLR signaling.

关键词： innate immunity MAP kinase NF-kappaB sam68 TLR

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Surface Characterisation of Silicon Based MEMS

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 407-410页

作者： LI j. CUI Z M. A. Baker The Surface Analysis Laboratory School of Engineering University of SurreyRutherford Appleton LaboratoryThe Surface Analysis Laboratory School of Engineering University of Surrey Guildford GU2 7XH UKChilton Didcot UKGuildford GU2 7XH UK

Polysilicon Microelectromechanical systems(MEMS) are the subject of intensive researches. Surface chemistry and topography of a MEMS test structure fabricated at Sandia National Laboratory, USA, were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and atomic force microscopy(AFM). XPS C_ 1sand Si_ 2pspectra from the polysilicon components, silicon nitride substrate and a reference silicon wafer were compared. The results confirm the presence of a self-assembled monolayer(sam) on the MEMS surface. An island-like morphology was found on both polysilicon and silicon nitride surfaces of the MEMS. The islands take the form of caps, being up to 0.5 μm in diameter and 20 nm in height. It is concluded that the co-existence of columnar growth and equiaxed growth during the low pressure chemical vapor deposition(LPCVD) of these layers leads to the observed morphology and the islands are caps to the columnar structures.

关键词： Microelectromechanical systems XPS Atomic force microscopy

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Enhancing sintering resistance of atomically dispersed catalysts in reducing environments with organic monolayers

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第6期7卷 1263-1269页

作者： jing Zhang Chithra Asokan Gregory Zakem Phillip Christopher j.Will Medlin Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA

Atomically dispersed precious metal catalysts maximize atom efficiency and exhibit unique ***,they are susceptible to *** reactions occurring in reducing environments tend to result in atomically dispersed metals sintering at lower temperatures than in oxidative or inert atmospheres due to the formation of mobile metal-H or metal-CO ***,we develop a new approach to mitigate sintering of oxide supported atomically dispersed metals in a reducing atmosphere using organophosphonate self-assembled monolayers(sams).We demonstrate this for the case of atomically dispersed Rh on Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) using a combination of CO probe molecule FTIR,temperature programmed desorption,and alkene hydrogenation rate *** suggests that sam functionalization of the oxide provides physical diffusion barriers for the metal and weakens the interactions between the reducing gas and metal,thereby discouraging the adsorbate-promoted diffusion of metal atoms on oxide *** results show that support functionalization by organic species can provide improved resistance to sintering of atomically dispersed metals with maintained catalytic reactivity.

关键词： Atomically dispersed catalysts Organic monolayers Rh Single atom catalysis Sintering

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P2X7 receptor in skin biology and diseases

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World journal of Dermatology 2016年第2期5卷 72-83页

作者： Nicholas j Geraghty Debbie Watson sam R Adhikary Ronald Sluyter School of Biological Sciences University of Wollongong Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ligand-gated cation channel present on immune and other cells. Activation of this receptor by its natural ligand extracellular adenosine triphosphate results in a variety of downstream responses, including the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cell death. In normal skin, P2X7 is present on keratinocytes, Langerhans cells and fibroblasts, while the presence of this receptor on other cutaneous cells is mainly inferred from studies of equivalent cell types present in other tissues. Mast cells in normal skin however express negligible amounts of P2X7, which can be upregulated in cutaneous disease. This review discusses the potential significance of P2X7 in skin biology, and the role of this receptor in inflammatory skin disorders such as irritant and chronic dermatitis, psoriasis, graft-versus-host disease, as well is in wound healing, transplantation and skin cancer.

关键词： P2X7 receptor Purinergic receptor Extracellular adenosine triphosphate CD39 Skin biology Skin immune system

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MICROSCOPIC CORROSION STUDIES OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第5期17卷 625-631页

作者： C.Leygraf j.Pan M.Femenia Division of Corrosion Science Department of Materials Science and EngineeringRoyal Institute of Technology(KTH)SE-100 44 StockholmSweden

Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy have been used for in situ monitoring of localized corrosion processes of different Duplex stainless steels (DSS) in acidic chloride solutions. The techniques allow imaging of local dissolution events with micrometer resolution, as opposed to conventional electrochemical techniques, which only give an overall view of the corrosion behavior. In addition, combined scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy were used for mapping the Volta potential variation over the surface of DSSs. A significant difference in Volta potential between the austenite and ferrite phases suggests galvanic interaction between the phases. A compositional gradient appears within 2 micrometers across the phase boundary, as seen with scanning Auger microscopy (sam). In all, the studies suggest that higher alloyed DSS exhibit a more homogeneous dissolution behavior than lower alloyed DSS, due to higher and more similar corrosion resistance of the two phases, and enhanced resistance of the ferrite/austenite phase boundary regions.

关键词： duplex stainless steel corrosion mechanism local electrochemical technique surface analysis micrometer resolution

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Alzheimer’s Disease Aβ-Amyloid Plaque Morphology Varies According to APOE Isotype

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World journal of Neuroscience 2023年第3期13卷 118-133页

作者： Ina Caesar K. Peter R. Nilsson Per Hammarström Mikael Lindgren Stefan Prokop james Schmeidler Vahram Haroutunian David M. Holtzman Patrick R. Hof sam Gandy Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Link&#246ping University Link&#246ping Sweden Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Department of Neuropathology Charité Universit&#228tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA james j. Peters VA Medical Center Bronx NY USA Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Department of Neurology Hope Center for Neurological Disorders Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Washington University St. Louis MO USA Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA

Background: The apolipoprotein E (APOE, gene;apoE, protein) ε4 allele is the most commonly identified genetic risk factor for typical late-onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Each APOE ε4 allele roughly triples the relative risk for AD compared to that of the reference allele, APOE ε3. Methods: We have employed hyperspectral fluorescence imaging with an amyloid-specific, conformation-sensing probe, p-FTAA, to elucidate protein aggregate structure and morphology in fresh frozen prefrontal cortex samples from human postmortem AD brain tissue samples from patients homozygous for either APOE ε3 or APOE ε4. Results: As expected APOE ε4/ε4 tissues had a significantly larger load of CAA than APOE ε3/ε3. APOE isoform-dependent morphological differences in amyloid plaques were also observed. Amyloid plaques in APOE ε3/ε3 tissue had small spherical cores and large coronas while amyloid plaques in APOE ε4/ε4 tissues had large irregular and multi-lobulated plaques with relatively smaller coronas. Despite the different morphologies of their cores, the p-FTAA stained APOE ε3/ε3 amyloid plaque cores had spectral properties identical to those of APOE ε4/ε4 plaque cores. Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that one mechanism by which the APOE ε4 allele affects AD is by modulating the macrostructure of pathological protein deposits in the brain. APOE ε4 is associated with a higher density of amyloid plaques (as compared to APOE ε3). We speculate that multilobulated APOE ε4-associated plaques arise from multiple initiation foci that coalesce as the plaques grow.

关键词： Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid Apolipoprotein Luminescent Conjugated Oligothiophenes Hyperspectral Separation

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亚甲蓝海藻酸微球的研究(英文)

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药物生物技术 2004年第6期11卷 356-360页

作者：涂家生 sam Bolla john Barr jelmer Miedema Xiaoling Li Bhaskara jiasti 中国药科大学药剂教研室南京210009China Thomas j Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University of the Pacific Stockton CA 95211 USA AP Pharma. Inc Redwood City CA 94063 USA

报道了一种适合于放大规模的制备多孔隙的海藻酸微球的方法—喷雾凝聚法。当 5 % (w/v)海藻酸钠溶液通过3/ 8”的喷枪在 4 0～ 6 0 psi气压下喷雾到 1mol/L氯化钙溶液中可以形成空隙率最大的微球。亚甲蓝被选作水溶性阳离子模型药物... 详细信息

报道了一种适合于放大规模的制备多孔隙的海藻酸微球的方法—喷雾凝聚法。当 5 % (w/v)海藻酸钠溶液通过3/ 8”的喷枪在 4 0～ 6 0 psi气压下喷雾到 1mol/L氯化钙溶液中可以形成空隙率最大的微球。亚甲蓝被选作水溶性阳离子模型药物。亚甲蓝的载药方法是吸附法。亚甲蓝的释放度结果表明载药微球在去离子水中释药不完全 ,在氯化钠溶液中由于钠离子和钙离子的交换使微球崩解而迅速释放药物。结果表明

关键词：海藻酸微球喷雾-凝聚法亚甲蓝

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Connections between metabolism and epigenetic modifications in cancer

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Medical Review 2021年第2期1卷 199-221页

作者： Guangchao Wang jingdong j.Han Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology(CQB)Peking University5 Yiheyuan RdHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China

How cells sense and respond to environmental changes is still a key *** has been identified that cellular metabolism is an important modifier of various epigenetic modifications,such as DNA methylation,histone methylation and acetylation and RNA N6-methyladenosine(m6A)*** closely links the environmental nutrient availability to the maintenance of chromatin structure and gene expression,and is crucial to regulate cellular homeostasis,cell growth and *** metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic alterations are widely observed,and facilitate cancer development and *** cancer cells,oncogenic signaling-driven metabolic reprogramming modifies the epigenetic landscape via changes in the keymetabolite *** this review,we briefly summarized the current evidence that the abundance of key metabolites,such as S-adenosyl methionine(sam),acetyl-CoA,α-ketoglutarate(α-KG),2-hydroxyglutarate(2-HG),uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine(UDP-GlcNAc)and lactate,affected by metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in dynamically regulating epigenetic modifications in *** improved understanding of the roles of metabolic reprogramming in epigenetic regulation can contribute to uncover the underlying mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in cancer development and identify the potential targets for cancer therapies.

关键词： cancer metabolic reprogramming DNA methylation epigenetic modifications histone acetylation histone methylation RNA m6A.

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