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Perspectives in human brain plasticity sparked by glioma invasion:from intraoperative(re)mappings to neural reconfigurations

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第5期19卷 947-948页

作者： sam Ng Hugues Duffau Guillaume Herbet Department of Neurosurgery Gui de Chauliac HospitalMontpellier University Medical CenterMontpellierFrance Institute of Functional Genomics University of MontpellierCNRSINSERMMontpellierFrance Praxiling Laboratory UMR5267CNRSPaul Valéry-Montpellier 3 UniversityMontpellierFrance

Exploring the aptitude of the human brain to compensate functional consequences of a lesion damaging its structural architecture is a key challenge to improve patient care in various neurological diseases,to optimize neuroscientifically-informed strategies of postlesional rehabilitation,and ultimately to develop innovative neuro-regenerative *** term‘plasticity’,initially referring to the intrinsic propensity of neurons to modulate their synaptic transmission in a learning situation,was progressively transposed to brain injury research and clinical ***,in the event of brain damage,adaptive mechanisms of compensation allow a partial reshaping of the structure and activities of the central nervous system,thus permitting to some extent the maintenance of brain functions.

关键词： plasticity figuration consequences

Pitfalls in internal jugular vein cannulation

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第10期12卷 1714-1717页

作者： Deb Sanjay Nag Amlan Swain Seelora Sahu Bhanu Pratap Swain Merina sam Department of Anaesthesiology Tata Main HospitalJamshedpur 831001JharkhandIndia

Central venous catheter insertion in the internal jugular vein(IJV)is frequently performed in acute care settings,facilitated by its easy availability and increased use of ultrasound in healthcare *** the increased safety profile and insertion convenience,it has ***,we aim to inform readers about the existing literature on the plethora of complications with potentially disastrous consequences for patients undergoing IJV cannulation.

关键词： Catheterization Central venous Complications Thoracic duct Arteriovenous fistula Vocal cord paralysis Pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade

Perioperative cardiac risks in myasthenia gravis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第13期12卷 2147-2150页

作者： Deb Sanjay Nag Abhishek Chatterjee Pratap rudra Mahanty Merina sam Murari Kumar Bharadwaj Department of Anaesthesiology Tata Main HospitalJamshedpur 831001India Department of Anaesthesiology Manipal Tata Medical CollegeJamshedpur 831017India

Myasthenia gravis(MG)is an autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular *** primary pathology in MG involves the presence of autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors(AChrs),which results in qualitative and quantitative reductions in the availability of functional *** muscles are also affected,resulting in various perioperative cardiac *** antibodies are commonly reported in MG cases with cardiac *** the presence of thymoma,the prevalence of cardiac manifestations in patients with MG increases to approximately 10%-15%.Cardiac involvement in MG may range from asymptomatic electrocardiogram changes to ventricular tachycardia,myocarditis,conduction disorders,heart failure,and sudden *** incidence of atrial fibrillation,ventricular and supraventricular extra systoles,and prolonged QTc have also been reported in patients with *** should consider the evaluation of autonomic dysfunction and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with MG.

关键词： Myasthenia Gravis Perioperative period receptors Cholinergic Anesthesia

Synergistic effect between Er-doped MoS_(2)nanosheets and interfacial Mo-N coupling phases for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1301-1308页

作者： Nian-Peng Li Lei Zhang Hua Zhang Fan-Fei Min Lei Wang sam Toan Xi-Jun Liu Guang-Zhi Hu State Key Laboratory of Mining response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines School of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan232001China Donghai Laboratory Zhoushan316021China Department of Chemical Engineering University of Minnesota-DuluthDuluthMN55812USA School of Ecology and Environmental Science Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau LakesYunnan UniversityKunming650504China MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China

Hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting is a promising and green *** one of the most representative transition metal sulfides layered materials,Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))has immense potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HEr).We successfully prepared a nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)in situ-grown erbium-doped MoS_(2)polyhedral structure(Er-MoS_(2)/NC)that incorporates an interfacial Mo-N coupling phase.

关键词： hydrogen interfacial coupling

Calcium/calcimimetic via calcium-sensing receptor ameliorates cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 268-279页

作者： Lie-Qi Tang Johnathan Fraebel Shi Jin Steven P Winesett Jane Harrell Wen-Han Chang sam Xianjun Cheng Department of Pediatrics University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States College of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Brain rehabilitation research Center Malcom Randall VA Medical CenterGainesvilleFL 32610United States Department of Medicine Endocrine Research UnitVeterans Affairs Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94121United States Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Florida Shands Children’s HospitalGainesvilleFL 32608United States

BACKGrOUND Enterotoxins produce diarrhea through direct epithelial action and indirectly by activating the enteric nervous ***-sensing receptor(CaSr)inhibits both *** latter has been well documented in vitro but not in *** hypothesis to be tested was that activating CaSr inhibits diarrhea in *** To determine whether CaSr agonists ameliorate secretory diarrhea evoked by cholera toxin(CTX)in *** CTX was given orally to C57BL/6 mice to induce *** and calci-mimetic r568 were used to activate *** maximize their local intestinal actions,calcium was administered luminally via oral rehydration solution(OrS),whereas r568 was applied serosally using an intraperitoneal *** verify that their actions resulted from the intestine,effects were also examined on Cre-lox intestine-specific CaSr *** outcome was measured biochemically by monitoring changes in fecal Cl-or clinically by assessing stool consistency and weight *** CTX induced secretory diarrhea,as evidenced by increases in fecal Cl-,stool consistency,and weight loss following CTX exposure,but did not alter CaSr,neither in content nor in ***,calcium and r568 were each able to ameliorate diarrhea when applied to diseased *** CaSr involvement is suggested by gene knockout experiments where the anti-diarrheal actions of r568 were lost in intestinal epithelial CaSr knockouts(villinCre/Casrflox/flox)and neuronal CaSr knockouts(nestinCre/Casrflox/flox).CONCLUSION Treatment of acute secretory diarrheas remains a global *** advances in diarrhea research,few have been made in the realm of diarrhea *** therapy has remained the standard of care,although it does not halt the losses of intestinal fluid and ions caused by *** is no cost-effective therapeutic for *** and other studies suggest that adding calcium to OrS or using calcimimetics to activate intestinal CaSr might

关键词： Cholera Enteric nervous system Secretory diarrhea Oral rehydration solution Calcium-sensing receptor Gene knockout

Biodiversity metrics on ecological networks: Demonstrated with animal gastrointestinal microbiomes

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Zoological research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第1期1卷 51-65页

作者： Zhanshan(sam)Ma Lianwei Li Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650201China

Biodiversity has become a terminology familiar to virtually every citizen in modern *** is said that ecology studies the economy of nature,and economy studies the ecology of humans;then measuring biodiversity should be similar with measuring national ***,there have been many parallels between ecology and economics,actually beyond *** example,arguably the second most widely used biodiversity metric,Simpson(1949)’s diversity index,is a function of familiar Gini-index in *** of the biggest challenges has been the high“diversity”of diversity indexes due to their excessive“speciation”-there are so many indexes,similar to each country’s sovereign currency-leaving confused diversity practitioners in *** 1973,Hill introduced the concept of“numbers equivalent”,which is based on renyi entropy and originated in economics,but possibly due to his abstruse interpretation of the concept,his message was not widely received by ecologists until nearly four decades *** Hill suggested was similar to link the US dollar to gold at the rate of$35 per ounce under the Bretton Woods *** Hill numbers now are considered most appropriate biodiversity metrics system,unifying Shannon,Simpson and other diversity ***,we approach to another paradigmatic shift-measuring biodiversity on ecological networks-demonstrated with animal gastrointestinal microbiomes representing four major invertebrate classes and all six vertebrate *** network diversity can reveal the diversity of species interactions,which is a necessary step for understanding the spatial and temporal structures and dynamics of biodiversity across environmental gradients.

关键词： Biodiversity on network Hill numbers Animal gut microbiome Network link diversity Network species diversity Network abundance-weighted link diversity

Prediction of Porous Media Fluid Flow with Spatial Heterogeneity Using Criss-Cross Physics-Informed Convolutional Neural Networks

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1323-1340页

作者： Jiangxia Han Liang Xue Ying Jia Mpoki sam Mwasamwasa Felix Nanguka Charles Sangweni Hailong Liu Qian Li State Key Laboratory of Petroleum resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Department of Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering College of Petroleum EngineeringChina University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Exploration Production research Institute SinopecBeijing102249China Ministry of Energy Tanzania Petroleum Development CorporationTowerDar es Salaam2774Tanzania Ministry of Energy Building Petroleum Upstream Regulatory Authority in Tanzania(PURA)Dar es Salaam11439Tanzania

recent advances in deep neural networks have shed new light on physics,engineering,and scientific *** the data-centered viewpoint with physical simulation is one of the research *** physicsinformedneural network(PINN)is currently the most general framework,which is more popular due to theconvenience of constructing NNs and excellent generalization *** automatic differentiation(AD)-basedPINN model is suitable for the homogeneous scientific problem;however,it is unclear how AD can enforce fluxcontinuity across boundaries between cells of different properties where spatial heterogeneity is represented bygrid cells with different physical *** this work,we propose a criss-cross physics-informed convolutionalneural network(CC-PINN)learning architecture,aiming to learn the solution of parametric PDEs with spatialheterogeneity of physical *** achieve the seamless enforcement of flux continuity and integration ofphysicalmeaning into CNN,a predefined 2D convolutional layer is proposed to accurately express transmissibilitybetween adjacent *** efficacy of the proposedmethodwas evaluated through predictions of several petroleumreservoir problems with spatial heterogeneity and compared against state-of-the-art(PINN)through numericalanalysis as a benchmark,which demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method over the PINN.

关键词： Physical-informed neural networks(PINN) flow in porous media convolutional neural networks spatial heterogeneity machine learning

Optimal transcorneal electrical stimulation parameters for preserving photoreceptors in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第11期19卷 2543-2552页

作者： sam Enayati Karen Chang Anton Lennikov Menglu Yang Cherin Lee Ajay Ashok Farris Elzaridi Christina Yen Kasim Gunes Jia Xie Kin-Sang Cho Tor Paaske Utheim Dong Feng Chen Schepens Eye research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Institute of clinical medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Medical Biochemistry Oslo University HospitalUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Ophthalmology Drammen HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammenNorway Department of Histology and Embryology School of MedicineMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkiye

retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary retinal disease that affects rod and cone photoreceptors,leading to progressive photoreceptor *** research supports the beneficial effect of electrical stimulation on photoreceptor *** study aims to identify the most effective electrical stimulation parameters and functional advantages of transcorneal electrical stimulation(tcES)in mice affected by inherited retinal ***,the study seeked to analyze the electric field that reaches the retina in both eyes in mice and post-mortem *** this study,we recorded waveforms and voltages directed to the retina during transcorneal electrical stimulation in C57BL/6J mice using an intraocular needle probe with rectangular,sine,and ramp *** investigate the functional effects of electrical stimulation on photoreceptors,we used human retinal explant cultures and rhodopsin knockout(rho^(-/-))mice,demonstrating progressive photoreceptor degeneration with *** retinal explants isolated from the donors’eyes were then subjected to electrical stimulation and cultured for 48 hours to simulate the neurodegenerative environment in *** density was evaluated by rhodopsin *** vivo rho^(-/-)mice were subjected to two 5-day series of daily transcorneal electrical stimulation using rectangular and ramp *** function and visual perception of mice were evaluated by electroretinography and optomotor response(OMr),*** was used to assess the morphological and biochemical changes of the photoreceptor and bipolar cells in mouse *** recordings indicated effective delivery of rectangular,sine,and ramp waveforms to the retina by transcorneal electrical stimulation,of which the ramp waveform required the lowest *** of the total conductive resistance of the post-mortem human compared to the mouse eyes indicated higher cornea-to-retina resistance in human *** tem

关键词： bipolar cells electrical stimulation neuroprotection photoreceptor degeneration retina retinal explants retinitis pigmentosa transcorneal electrical stimulation waveform

Analysis and Optimization of Operational and Pollutant Attributes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Orange Peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： ranjeet rAI r.r.SAHOO Mechanical Engineering Department GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineering Department IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The current study is performed to find sustainable solutions for the future of transportation and environmental *** conventional methods and experimental design table(L16 Orthogonal Array)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-powered engine's operational and pollutant *** L16 Orthogonal Array is obtained through Taguchi's experimental design approach using Minitab 16 *** experimental design incorporated three control variables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four *** operational parameters,namely brake thermal efficiency(BTE)and brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission characteristics,including hydrocarbon(HC),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,were acquired using the L16 orthogonal array(OA) and subsequently *** utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio and grey analysis was employed to determine the optimal operational state of the engine to achieve maximum performance while minimizing *** engine's ideal state of operation,in terms of BTE and BSFC,was determined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r/min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) carbon nanotube incorporated 20% orange peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contribution factors,*** 25% engine load,1000 r/min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions were the *** load affects emissions the *** BSFC increased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decreased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,respectively,at optimal operating conditions concerning diesel *** study shows that Taguchi-Grey's experimental design optimizes diesel engine operational and pollutant *** outcomes revealed that orange peel biodiesel infused with CNT can replace diesel fuel in a

关键词： Taguchi-Grey method OPB20CNT100 transesterification S/N ratio GrG HC CO and NO