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Training Community Health Workers to Scale-Up HIV Care in Rural Lesotho:Implementation Lessons from the Field

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BioTRIZ Suggests Radiative Cooling of Buildings Can Be Done Passively by Changing the Structure of Roof Insulation to Let Longwave Infrared Pass

World Journal of AIDS（艾滋病） 2012年第3期

作者： Jonas Rigodon Keith Joseph salmaan keshavjee Corrado Cancedda Mona Haidar Nicolas Lesia Limpho Ramangoaela Jennifer Furin

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第1期5卷 55-66页

作者： salmaan Craig David Harrison Andrew Cripps Daniel Knott School of Engineering and Design Brunel UniversityLondon UB8 3PHUKBuro Happold LtdLondon W1T 1PDUK School of Engineering and Design Brunel UniversityLondon UB8 3PHUK Buro Happold Ltd London W1T 1PDUK

This paper demonstrates the application of a design tool called BioTRIZ. Its developers claim that it can be used to access biological strategies for solving engineering problems. Our aim is to design a roof for hot climates that gets free cooling through radiant coupling with the sky. The insulation in a standard roof stops the sun and convection from warming the thermal mass. But it also restricts the mass＇s longwave view of the cool sky. Different solutions to this conflict are offered by BioTRIZ. The chosen solution is to replace the standard insulation component with an open cell honeycomb. The vertical cells would allow longwave radiation to pass, while arresting convection. The solutions offered by BioTRIZ＇s technological counterpart include no such changes in structure. It is estimated that the thermal mass in the biomimetic roof would remain on average 4.5℃ cooler than in a standard roof over a year in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

关键词： biomimetics TRIZ BioTRIZ radiative cooling building design passive design

Preliminary Seroepidemiological survey of dengue infections in Pakistan,2009-2014

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 428-434页

作者： Muhammad Suleman Hyeong-Woo Lee Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi Muhammad Masroor Alam Nadia Nisar Uzma Bashir Aamir salmaan Sharif Shahzad Shaukat Adnan Khurshid Mehar Angez Massab Umair Ghulam Mujtaba Rani Faryal Department of Microbiology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Virology National Institute of HealthIslamabadPakistan Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology Inha University School of MedicineIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

Background:Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue fever,a vector borne infection which causes selflimiting to life threatening disease in humans.A sero-epidemiological study was conducted to understand the current epidemiology of dengue virus in Pakistan which is now known as a dengue endemic country after its first reported outbreak in ***:To investigate the prevalence of dengue virus in Pakistan during 2009-2014,a total of 9,493 blood samples were screened for the detection of anti-dengue IgM antibodies using *** and demographic features available with hospital records were reviewed to ascertain mortalities related to dengue hemorrhagic shock ***:Out of 9,493 samples tested,37%(3,504)were found positive for anti-dengue IgM *** the seropositive cases,73.6%(2,578/3,504)were male and 26.4%(926/3,504)were *** highest number(382/929;41.1%)of sero-positive cases was observed among the individuals of age group 31-40 *** highest number of symptomatic cases was reported in October(46%;4,400/9,493),and the highest number of sero-positive cases among symptomatic cases was observed in November(45.7%;806/1,764).Mean annual patient incidence(MAPI)during 2009-2014 in Pakistan remained 0.30 with the highest annual patient incidence(11.03)found in *** to the available medical case record,472 dengue related deaths were reported during ***:The data from earlier reports in Pakistan described the dengue virus incidence from limited areas of the *** findings are important considering the testing of clinical samples at a larger scale covering patients of vast geographical regions and warrants timely implementation of dengue vector surveillance and control *** registration number:It is an epidemiological research study,so trial registration is not required.

关键词： Dengue Virus epidemiology Pakistan IgM ELISA Vector

NS1 antigen: A new beam of light in the early diagnosis of dengue infection

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第12期9卷 1187-1189页

作者： Muhammad Suleman Rani Faryal Muhammad Masroor Alam salmaan Sharif Shahzad Shaukat Uzma Bashir Aamir Adnan Khurshid Mehar Angez Massab Umair Mian Muhammad Sufian Yasir Arshad Ghulam Mujtaba Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi Department of Microbiology Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Virology National Institute of Health

Objective: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and Ig M antibodies detection by ELISA. Results: A total of 1 270 serum samples were tested 86%(1 097/1 270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64%(807/1 270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52%(662/1 270), 51%(646/1 270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and Ig M ELISA ***: NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation.

关键词： Dengue Pakistan Epidemiology ELISA NS1 Antigen

Dengue outbreak in Swat and Mansehra,Pakistan 2013;an epidemiological and diagnostic perspective

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第4期9卷 371-375页

作者： Muhammad Suleman Rani Faryal Uzma Bashir Aamir Muhammad Masroor Alam Nadia Nisar salmaan Sharif Shahzad Shaukat Adnan Khurshid Mehar Angez Massab Umair Ghulam Mujtaba Mian Muhammad Sufian Yasir Arshad Lubna Rehman Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi Department of Microbiology.Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Virology National Institute of Health

Objective:To High light some epidemiological,clinical and diagnostic features of dengue fever during an outbreak and the role of different diagnostic techniques to achieve the highest level of accuracy in ***:Blood samples(n=323) were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from suspected dengue patients who visited different hospitals in Swat and Mansehra district of Pakistan between May-November 2013 during a dengue *** were tested for the detection of viral nucleic acid by real-lime *** structural protein-1(NS1antigen and IgM antibodies by ***:Out of 323 cases with clinical dengue infection,304 were positive by one or more diagnostic parameter:201 samples were positive by real-time PCR,209 were positive by NS1 ELISA and 190 were positive by IgM *** of real-time PCR and NS1 *** were comparable for early diagnosis of dengue virus *** antibody detection assay was found useful for the diagnosis in the samples collected later than day 5 of ***:The use of real-lime PCR or detection of non stnictural protein NS 1 by ELISA followed by IgM antibodies detection can be recommended for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection with a high level of accuracy.

关键词： Dengue virus NS1 Antigen Pakistan Diagnosis Epidemiology Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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形随流定

时代建筑 2015年第2期58卷 38-41页

作者：萨曼.克雷格赵刘蔚倪端哈佛大学设计研究生院

文章讨论了"会呼吸的建筑"未来发展的四要点。首先,此类建筑往往更细致地考虑到室内人群的温度感知。其次,气流多以热压驱动,通过一种新的渗透型空气缓冲空间的调节,在相对极端的气候环境里引入自然通风。除此之外,通过类似温度匹配这... 详细信息

文章讨论了"会呼吸的建筑"未来发展的四要点。首先,此类建筑往往更细致地考虑到室内人群的温度感知。其次,气流多以热压驱动,通过一种新的渗透型空气缓冲空间的调节,在相对极端的气候环境里引入自然通风。除此之外,通过类似温度匹配这样的关键要素,使热力学第二定律成为日常的专业讨论用语。最后,构形理论往往能使这一切得以实现,帮助我们设计出一些新颖有趣的建筑形式,让空气的流动与建筑空间获得更好的结合。

关键词：自然通风温度感知低(火用)设计构形理论