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Design Optimization for Generating a High Static Magnetic Field

World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2023年第4期11卷 793-806页

作者： Hussien A. Elharati salma ahmed alharati Ziad Omar Wareg Mohamed Amro Waregh Department of Electrical Engineering Higher Institute of Science and Technology Tripoli Libya Physics Department Ministry of Education Tripoli Libya Higher Institute of Science and Technology Nalut Libya

This paper details the creation of a device capable of generating a powerful and consistent static magnetic field. This apparatus serves the purpose of quantifying the magnetostrictive strain found in materials like annealed cobalt ferrite and Terfenol-D, specifically those shaped as cylindrical rods. In our investigation, the use of static magnetic fields proves most advantageous. This choice is made to mitigate the generation of eddy currents, which would inevitably occur if the magnetic field intensity were varied. The fundamental idea behind this design involves employing a C-shaped iron core constructed from low-carbon mild steel. On this core, three coils are mounted, each capable of producing one-third of the required 9000 Oersted (Oe) magnetic field strength. The test specimen is situated within the “jaws” of the C-shaped core, thus completing the magnetic circuit. To manage the heat generated by each coil, a cooling system consisting of copper tubes is employed. These tubes facilitate the flow of air to dissipate the heat. To model and predict the magnetic field strength produced by the coils, finite element analysis (FEMM) software is utilized, and the results align closely with the anticipated outcomes. This design effectively generates a robust and unchanging magnetic field measuring a stable 9000 Oe in total. Consequently, this equipment finds utility in characterizing the magnetic properties of specific materials.

关键词： Static Magnetic Field Magnetostrictive Strain Eddy Currents Magnetic Field Strength Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM)

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Estimation and mapping of water erosion and soil loss:Application of Gavrilovic erosion potential model(EPM)using GIS and remote sensing in the Assif el mal Watershed,Western high Atlas

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China Geology 2024年第4期7卷 672-685页

作者： Kabili salma Algouti ahmed Algouti Abdellah Ezzahzi salma The University of Cadi Ayyad Faculty of Sciences SemlaliaDepartment of GeologyGeoscience Geotourism Natural Hazards and Remote Sensing Laboratory(2GRNT)Marrakech 40000Morocco

Water erosion is a serious problem that leads to soil degradation,loss,and the destruction of *** the risk of erosion and determining the affected areas has become crucial in order to understand the main factors influencing its evolution and to minimize its *** study focuses on evaluating the risk of erosion in the Assif el mal watershed,which is located in the High Atlas *** Erosion Potential Model(EPM)is used to estimate soil losses depending on various parameters such as lithology,hydrology,topography,and *** information systems and remote sensing techniques are employed to map areas with high erosive potential and their relationship with the distribution of factors *** digital elevation models are also used in this study to highlight the impact of data quality on the accuracy of the *** findings reveal that approximately 59%of the total area in the Assif el mal basin has low to very low potential for soil losses,while 22%is moderately affected and 19.9%is at high to very high *** is therefore crucial to implement soil conservation measures to mitigate and prevent erosion risks.

关键词： Water erosion Soil degradation Risk Assif el mal watershed EPM GIS and remote sensing Map Morocco Digital elevations models

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Detection of schistosomiasis antibodies in urine patients as a promising diagnostic maker

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第10期4卷 773-777页

作者： salma Medani Elhag Eshtiyag Abdalla Abdelkareem Ashraf Siddig Yousif Ehab ahmed Frah ahmed Babiker Mohamed Department of Vector and Biomedical Studies Tropical Medicine Research InstituteNational Centre for ResearchKhartoumSudan Department of Immunology and Biotechnology Tropical Medicine Research InstituteNational Centre for ResearchKhartoumSudan National Centre for Research Ministry of Science and TechnologyKhartoumSudan

Objective:To determine secreted antischistosoma antibodies in urine and to discern the epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis in the agricultural field labourers’camps city in the Gezira State-central ***:Total of 66 urine and 66 serum paired samples were collected from those who confirmed parasitologically positive and negative with schistosomiasis from the two *** were tested using ELBA technique to measure and compare the immunoglobulin G(IgG) levels in serum and urine samples of schistosomiasis ***: The overall prevalence of *** and *** was 53.8%and 15.4%,while the intensity were(2.04 GMEC) and(0.9 GMEC) *** relative percentage of positive IgG individulas in urine was 92.40%where as 96.97%in *** no significant difference between the IgG levels in serum and urine samples was ***:This study shows that the detection of secreted IgG antibodies in urine can substitute serum for diagnosis of schistosomiasis.

关键词： Circulating antibodies Schistosomiasis Immunoglobulin G ELISA

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Numerical Study of the Efficiency of Multi-Layer Membrane Filtration in Desalination Processes

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第11期20卷 2509-2521页

作者： salma Moushi Jaouad Ait lahcen ahmed El Hana Yassine Ezaier ahmed Hader Imane Bakassi Iliass Tarras Yahia Boughaleb Bio-Geosciences and Materials Engineering Laboratory Higher Normal SchoolHassan II UniversityCasablanca50069Morocco Regional Center for Education and Training Professions Settat26002Morocco Engineering Sciences for Energy Laboratory ENSAChouaib Doukkali UniversityEl Jadida24000Morocco

Multi-layer membrane filtration is a widely used technology for separating and purifying different components ofa liquid mixture. This technique involves passing the liquid mixture through a series of membranes with decreasing pore sizes, which allows for the separation of different components according to their molecular size. Thisstudy investigates the filtration process of a fluid through a two-dimensional porous medium designed forseawater desalination. The focus is on understanding the impact of various parameters such as the coefficientof friction, velocity, and the number of layers on filtration efficiency. The results reveal that the number of layersplays a crucial role in desalination, with an increase in layers leading to enhanced filtration quality, following apower law relationship. The study explores the influence of the coefficient of friction on filtration performance,emphasizing its significant effect on the number of particles filtered over time. Additionally, the role of the initialvelocity in filtration efficiency is examined, showing distinct effects at both high and low velocities. Biofouling isidentified as a factor influencing filtration, with an initial increase in filtered particles followed by a decline due toparticle accumulation in pores.

关键词： Desalination process membranefiltration Langevin dynamic fluid velocity number of layers filtered particles

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Volumetric Overload Shocks: Why Is Starling’s Law for Capillary Interstitial Fluid Transfer Wrong? The Hydrodynamics of a Porous Orifice Tube as Alternative

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Surgical Science 2016年第6期7卷 245-249页

作者： ahmed N. Ghanem salma A. Ghanem Retired Consultant Urologist Mansoura Egypt Guys & St. Thomas NHS Trust London UK

Based on clinical and experimental work two new types of volumetric overload shocks are reported: volumetric overload shock type one and type two depending on the type of fluid causing their induction. Volumetric overload shock type one is induced by sodium-free fluids such as glycine, glucose, mannitol and sorbitol and is characterized with acute dilutional hyponatraemia. Volumetric overload shock type 2 is induced with sodium-based fluids normal saline and plasma substitutes used for resuscitation of the critically ill and has no serological marker. It presents with the multiple vital organs dysfunction or failure syndrome or the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Hypertonic sodium is an effective treatment when given early adequately. The underlying pathophysiology is discussed. An alternative to Starling’s law for the capillary interstitial fluid transfer is given. Hydrodynamic of a porous orifice tube akin to capillary with a surrounding Chamber akin to the interstitial fluid space demonstrated a rapid dynamic magnetic field-like fluid circulation between the surrounding chamber and the lumen of the G tube that represent an adequate replacement for Starling’s law.

关键词： Shock The Multiple Vital Organs Dysfunction or Failure Syndrome The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome The Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Syndrome Hyponatraemia

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Contribution to the soil-based Egyptian mycobiota in Hypocreales(Sordariomycetes)from Egypt

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Studies in Fungi 2022年第1期7卷 52-57页

作者： Mohamed B.H.Mazen ahmed M.Moharram Sedky H.A.Hassan salma M.Abdel-Latif Osama A.Al-Bedak Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516Egypt Assiut University Mycological Centre Assiut UniversityAssiut 71515Egypt Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceNew Valley UniversityEl-Kharga 72511Egypt Biology Department College of ScienceSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat123Oman

During soil fungal surveys in Egypt's New Valley Governorate,four significant fungal isolates from three different species have been *** of these strains were uncovered in Egypt for the first time,while the other two may be potential new *** four strains were identified as being Paramyrothecium spp.(two strains),Striaticonidium brachysporum,and Metarhizium pingshaense after the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region of the isolates was sequenced and matched to the closest match strains in *** strains in this investigation are being documented for the first time in *** four strains are briefly described and microscopically displayed in the article.

关键词： soil fungal

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Effects of Salicylic Acid on the Growth and Some Physiological Characters in Salt Stressed Tomato Plants （ Solanum L ycopersicum）

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Journal of Life Sciences 2011年第10期5卷 838-843页

作者： Hela Ben ahmed Nizar Dhaou salma Wasti Hajer Mimouni Ezzeddine Zid Unite d＇Ecophysiologie et Nutrition des plantes D~partement de Biologie Facult~ des Sciences de Tunis Campus UniversitaireTunis 1060 Tunisia

Excessive soil salinity is an important constraint limiting the distribution of plants in natural habitats, and is an increasingly severe agricultural problem in arid and semi-arid regions. Higher salinity levels caused significant reduction in growth parameters like leaf area, leaf length and root and shoot dry weight. Salicylic acid （SA）, a plant phenolic is now considered as a hormone-like endogenous regulator, and its role in the defence mechanisms against biotic stressors has been well documented. In recent years its role has been widely investigated in abiotic stress （salinity, drought, water deficit and so on）. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of salicylic acid on growth and some physiological characters of salt stressed tomato plants. The presence of salicylic acid at low concentration （0.01 mM） in culture medium riched with NaCl 100 mM （6 g·L^-1） improves the tolerance of tomato cv. Golden Sunrise to salinity. This amelioration results in stimulation of growth and development of plants. The applied of SA in saline medium induce：（i） an increase in chlorophyll content; （ii） a better supply of essential elements in plant growth, such as K＋; （iii） a decrease in toxic ions such Na＋ and CI in aerial organs; and （iv） an additional synthesis of organic solutes and osmoprotectors like proline and proteins. All these results suggest that salicylic acid could be successfully used in alleviating depressive effects of salt on the productivity of the cultivated tomato.

关键词： Amelioration growth physiological characters salicylic acid (SA) salinity Solanum lycopersicum.

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Perceived Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening Using Pap Smear Test among Women Attending Saad Abu Al Ella Hospital in Khartoum State, 2022

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2023年第2期14卷 73-79页

作者： Sara ahmed Hassan Said Atif Bashir Fazari Mona Awadalla Mohammed Ali Osman Fareeda Khan Kauthar Yahiya salma ahmed Hanan A. Abd Allah University of Medical Sciences & Technology Khartoum Sudan Latifa Hospital Dubai Health Authority Dubai United Arab Emirates Emirates Health Services Public Health Department Infectious Diseases Surveillance Sharjah United Arab Emirates

Background: Cervical cancer is the second common cancer among women worldwide. It is a preventable cancer, and early detection of precancerous conditions through the Papanicolaou cytology screening (Pap smear) is a key aspect of prevention;it is accepted worldwide as an efficient tool for secondary prevention. While the PS test is simple, inexpensive, and relatively reliable as a method of diagnosing cervical cancer, most women do not take the test. Therefore, this study is sought to describe the barriers to pap smear uptake among Sudanese women. Materials and Method: This total coverage observational, analytical and cross sectional, hospital-based study was conducted in Saad Abu El Ella Hospital in April 2022. The study was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire to assess the perceived barriers of 93 participants. All data were computerized using Microsoft Excel’17 and the data were described and analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS23). Results: The findings revealed that the mean age of the participants was 39.5 years and only 3.2% had ever undergone a pap smear test. Identified barriers were lack of information, not knowing where to go, and fear of pain. The majority, 72% are willing to routinely perform a pap smear test if well informed about it. The study also demonstrates that there is a significant correlation between perceived barriers score and willingness to perform the pap smear test (p value = 0.008), and between the perceived barriers score and the sociodemographic factors: Age (p value = 0.006), educational level (p value = 0.028) and occupation (p value = 0.040), but no association with the economic status was found (p value = 0.378). Conclusion: The detection rate is too low compared to the national target of over 70%. Therefore, more work is needed to reduce perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening by providing education/raising for popular awareness;addressing misconceptions and false beliefs;informing women about

关键词： Perceived Barriers Cervical Cancer Screening HPV Cervical Cancer Pap Smear Sudan

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CFD Simulation of Particles Mixing and Segregation in a Rotary Coating Disk: Influence of Drag Models and Restitution Coefficient

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第3期12卷 267-283页

作者： salma Awad Nouh Ku Zilati Bt Ku Shaari Lau Kok Keong Shafirah Bt Samsuri Tigabwa Yosef ahmed Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia

In this paper, the dynamics of a transverse plane of a rotary coating disk of a binary mixture system comprising sand and urea particles were simulated using the two-fluid model along with the kinetic theory of granular flow in Fluent 19.1. Although some parameters relating to the material properties and size of the rotary coating disk have been researched, the effects of both drag force and restitution coefficient on the flow characteristics have yet to be examined. Thus, this paper numerically examines the effect of the inclusion of drag models and particle-particle restitution coefficients on particle dynamics in a rotary disk operating in the rolling regime of the granular bed. Three particle-particle drag models were considered: the Schiller-Naumann, Syamlal-O’Brien, and Gidaspow. The Syamlal-O’Brien and Gidaspow models were both able to successfully simulate particle segregation in a perfect rolling regime, whereas the Schiller-Naumann drag model appeared to be unable to predict the segregation of the particles and the rolling flow regime under the assumed conditions. Four different values of the restitution coefficient were also investigated: 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 0.95. The higher restitution values of 0.9 and 0.95 were found to substantially affect flow characteristics, ensuring suitable rolling regime behaviour for the bed during the rotational movement. The lower restitution coefficients of 0.7 and 0.8, on the other hand, indicated that irregular velocity vectors could be obtained in the active region of the granular bed.

关键词： Rolling Mode Drag Model Restitution Coefficient CFD

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Finding the fragments:community-based epidemic surveillance in Sudan

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Global Health Research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 339-342页

作者： Mona Ibrahim Nada Abdelmagid Rahaf AbuKoura Alhadi Khogali Tasnime Osama Aljaile ahmed Israa Zain Alabdeen salma A.E.ahmed Maysoon Dahab Department of Social Policy and Intervention University of OxfordOxfordUK Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Julius Global Health University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands National Ribat University KhartoumSudan Department of Primary Care&Public Health Imperial College LondonLondonUK Sudan COVID-19 Research Group KhartoumSudan University of Khartoum KhartoumSudan Freelance Public Health Researcher SydneyAustralia Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK

Sudan faces inter-sectional health risks posed by escalating violent conflict,natural hazards and *** are frequent and overlapping,particularly resurgent seasonal outbreaks of diseases such as malaria,*** improve response,the Sudanese Ministry of Health manages multiple disease surveillance systems,however,these systems are fragmented,under resourced,and disconnected from epidemic response ***,civic and informal community-led systems have often organically led outbreak responses,despite having limited access to data and resources from formal outbreak detection and response *** a communal sense of moral obligation,such informal epidemic responses can play an important role in reaching affected *** effective,localised,and organised—they cannot currently access national surveillance data,or formal outbreak prevention and response technical and financial *** paper calls for urgent and coordinated recognition and support of community-led outbreak responses,to strengthen,diversify,and scale up epidemic surveillance for both national epidemic preparedness and regional health security.

关键词： Global health security Epidemic surveillance Health policy Low-income country Community-led surveillance

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