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Exosomes: Emerging implementation of nanotechnology for detecting and managing novel corona virus-SARS-CoV-2

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022年第1期17卷 20-34页

作者： Akhilesh Dubey Cynthia Lizzie Lobo Ravi GS Amitha Shetty Srinivas Hebbar sally ael-zahaby Department of Pharmaceutics NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesNitte(Deemed to be University)Mangaluru 575018India Formulation and Development Viatris R&D CentreBengaluru 560105India Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyPharos University in AlexandriaAlexandria 21311Egypt

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 as an emerging novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had progressed as a worldwide pandemic since the end of 2019. COVID-19 affects firstly lungs tissues which are known for their very slow regeneration. Afterwards, enormous cytokine stimulation occurs in the infected cells immediately after a lung infection which necessitates good management to save patients. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of nanometric size released by reticulocytes on maturation and are known to mediate intercellular communications. The exosomal cargo serves as biomarkers in diagnosing various diseases;moreover, exosomes could be employed as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. Exosomes look promising to combat the current pandemic since they contribute to the immune response against several viral pathogens. Many studies have proved the potential of using exosomes either as viral elements or host systems that acquire immune-stimulatory effects and could be used as a vaccine or drug delivery tool. It is essential to stop viral replication, prevent and reverse the massive storm of cytokine that worsens the infected patients’ situations for the management of COVID-19. The main benefits of exosomes could be;no cells will be introduced, no chance of mutation, lack of immunogenicity and the damaged genetic material that could negatively affect the recipient is avoided. Additionally, it was found that exosomes are static with no ability for in vivo reproduction. The current review article discusses the possibilities of using exosomes for detecting novel coronavirus and summarizes state of the art concerning the clinical trials initiated for examining the use of COVID-19 specific T cells derived exosomes and mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes in managing COVID-19.

关键词： Exosomes COVID-19 Specific T cell-derived exosomes Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes Nanotechnology SARS-Co V-2

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Optimization of colorectal cancer screening strategies: New insights

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第28期30卷 3361-3366页

作者： Magie Tamraz Najib Al Ghossaini sally Temraz Department of Nutrition and Public Health Holy Spirit University of KaslikJounieh 446Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Ain Wazein Medical VillageChouf 1503Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology/OncologyAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirut 11072020Lebanon

In this editorial,we discuss the article by Agatsuma et *** concentrate specifically on the current routinely used screening tests recommended by society guidelines and delve into the significance of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)and its substantial impact on both incidence and mortality *** is highly recommended,and an early diagnosis stands out as the most crucial predictor of survival for CRC ***,it is essential to identify and address the barriers hindering adherence to screening measures,as these barriers can vary among different ***,we focus on screening strategy optimization by selecting high-risk *** with comorbidities who regularly visit hospitals have been diagnosed at an early stage,showing no significant difference compared to patients undergoing regular *** finding highlights the importance of extending screening measures to include patients with comorbidities who do not routinely visit the hospital.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms Early diagnosis Barriers to adherence Cancer screening guidelines Screening tests

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Exercise and exerkine upregulation:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a potential non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy for Parkinson’s disease

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BIOCELL 2024年第5期48卷 693-706页

作者： VIRAAJ VISHNU PRASAD JENNIFER sally SAMSON VENKATACHALAM DEEPA PARVATHI Department of Biomedical Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchChennai600116India

Physical activity and exercise have several beneficial roles in enhancing both physiological and psychological well-being of an *** addition to aiding the regulation of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism,exercise can stimulate the synthesis of exerkine hormones in the circulatory *** several exerkines that have been investigated for their therapeutic potential,Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is considered the most promising candidate,especially in the management of neurodegenerative *** to the ability of physical activity to enhance BDNF synthesis,several experimental studies conducted so far have validated this hypothesis and produced satisfactory results at the pre-clinical *** review highlights some of the recent animal model studies that have evaluated the efficiency of exercise in enhancing BDNF synthesis and promoting neuroprotective ***,this review focuses on understanding the therapeutic benefits of exercise-induced exerkine synthesis as a non-pharmacological strategy in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Regarding physical activity and exerkine induction,the neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)strategy could be considered as an alternate treatment modality for patients affected with PD.

关键词： Exercise therapy Dopaminergic neurons Parkinson’s disease Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Electrical stimulation

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Adaptive Segmentation for Unconstrained Iris Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 1591-1609页

作者： Mustafa AlRifaee sally Almanasra Adnan Hnaif Ahmad Althunibat Mohammad Abdallah Thamer Alrawashdeh Faculty of Architecture and Design Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Faculty of Computer Studies Arab Open UniversityRiyadh11681Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science and Information Technology Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan

In standard iris recognition systems,a cooperative imaging framework is employed that includes a light source with a near-infrared wavelength to reveal iris texture,look-and-stare constraints,and a close distance requirement to the capture *** these conditions are relaxed,the system’s performance significantly deteriorates due to segmentation and feature extraction ***,a novel segmentation algorithm is proposed to correctly detect the pupil and limbus boundaries of iris images captured in unconstrained ***,the algorithm scans the whole iris image in the Hue Saturation Value(HSV)color space for local maxima to detect the sclera *** image quality is then assessed by computing global features in red,green and blue(RGB)space,as noisy images have heterogeneous *** iris images are accordingly classified into seven categories based on their global RGB *** the classification process,the images are filtered,and adaptive thresholding is applied to enhance the global contrast and detect the outer iris ***,to characterize the pupil area,the algorithm scans the cropped outer ring region for local minima values to identify the darkest area in the iris *** experimental results show that our method outperforms existing segmentation techniques using the UBIRIS.v1 and v2 databases and achieved a segmentation accuracy of 99.32 on UBIRIS.v1 and an error rate of 1.59 on UBIRIS.v2.

关键词： Image recognition color segmentation image processing localization

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A Measurement Study of the Ethereum Underlying P2P Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 515-532页

作者： Mohammad ZMasoud Yousef Jaradat Ahmad Manasrah Mohammad Alia Khaled Suwais sally Almanasra Electrical Engineering Department Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Mechanical Engineering Department Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Computer Science Department Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Faculty of Computer Studies Arab Open UniversityRiyadh11681Saudi Arabia

This work carried out a measurement study of the Ethereum Peer-to-Peer(P2P)network to gain a better understanding of the underlying *** was applied because it pioneered distributed applications,smart contracts,and ***,its application layer language“Solidity”is widely used in smart contracts across different public and private *** this end,we wrote a new Ethereum client based on Geth to collect Ethereum node ***,various web scrapers have been written to collect nodes’historical data fromthe Internet Archive and the Wayback Machine *** collected data has been compared with two other services that harvest the number of *** has collectedmore than 30% more than the other *** data trained a neural network model regarding time series to predict the number of online nodes in the *** findings show that there are less than 20% of the same nodes daily,indicating thatmost nodes in the network change *** poses a question of the stability of the ***,historical data shows that the top ten countries with Ethereum clients have not changed since *** popular operating system of the underlying nodes has shifted from Windows to Linux over time,increasing node *** results have also shown that the number of Middle East and North Africa(MENA)Ethereum nodes is neglected compared with nodes recorded from other *** opens the door for developing new mechanisms to encourage users from these regions to contribute to this ***,the model has been trained and demonstrated an accuracy of 92% in predicting the future number of nodes in the Ethereum network.

关键词： Ethereum measurement ethereum client neural network time series forecasting web-scarping wayback machine blockchain

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Literature,Medicine,and Public Health:An Interview with sally Shuttleworth

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外国文学研究 2024年第4期46卷 1-14页

作者： Kong Derong sally Shuttleworth the School of Foreign Studies Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China English Literature at the University of Oxford

sally Shuttleworth is Professor of English and former Head of the Humanities Division at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of the British Academy(FBA). In 2021, she was included in The Queens' s Birthday Honours List and became a Commander of the Order of the British Empire(CBE). She has published extensively on the interrelated study of Victorian literature and science, especially medicine and public health, including The Mind of the Child: Child Development in Literature, Science and Medicine, 1840-1900(2020) and Anxious Times: Medicine and Modernity in Nineteenth-Century Britain(2019). In this interview, which was conducted during the interviewer's visit at the University of Oxford in early 2023, Prof. Shuttleworth discusses several major issues concerning the interdisciplinary study of “literature-medicine”: the borders of this field, the rise of Health Humanities, women's writings and healthcare, and the mission of humanists in the post-epidemic period.

关键词： Shuttleworth interdisciplinary studies medicine public health

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Irregular dietary habits as a predictor of stunting occurrence among children under 5 years of age:a literature review

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Frontiers of Nursing 2024年第1期11卷 17-22页

作者： Risnah Huriati Eka Hadrayani Arbianingsih Muthahharah Nurhidayah sally Purwanti Nursing Department Faculty of Health and MedicineUniversitas Islam Negeri AlauddinSouth Sulawesi 92118Indonesia

Objective:To identify the illustration of feeding patterns of stunting children using literature review ***:This study was a descriptive narrative research using literature review approach to explore dietary habits of children with stunting *** the literature review processes employed Guideline Review measurement of Joanna Briggs *** ar ticles in literature were obtained from journal databases,such as Pub Med,Science Direct,Google Scholar,and Dimensions through structured research question with Patient,Exposure an interest,Outcome or response(PEO)***:This study found 2246 published ar ticles from 2018 to 2021 about children with *** process was conducted fur ther to eliminate ar ticles with irrelevant titles and abstracts,and also the unsuitable ar ticles with the research question;hence,about 9 ar ticles were eligible to be reviewed *** these ar ticles mentioned that children with irregular dietary habits would likely experience *** low intake of nutritional food became the major predictor of ***:Inappropriate feeding patterns and the variety of food were being the factors of stunting emergence among children<5 years of *** consumption of carbohydrates,less animal-based protein,and misunderstanding about intake of sweetenedcondensed milk predisposed children to suffer stunting.

关键词： children dietary habit feeding pattern stunting literature review

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A single-nucleotide substitution in the leucinerich-repeat-only gene CsLRR1 confers powdery mildew resistance in cucumber

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Plant Communications 2024年第3期5卷 9-12页

作者： Xuewen Xu Wei Wang Yujiao Du Ziyi Wang Xueli Liu Ming Tan Xiaojian Lin Jun Xu Congxi Cai Xiaohua Qi Qiang Xu Aimin Wei Haipeng Fu Shengli Du sally A.Mackenzie Yuhui Wang Xuehao Chen Xiaodong Yang School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu 225009China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu 225009China Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District XuzhouJiangsu 221131China Tianjin Vegetable Research Center Vegetable Research Institute of Tianjin Kernel Agricultural Science&Technology Co.Ltd.Jinjing RoadTianjin 300384China State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation Tianjin 300381China Department of Biology The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China

Dear Editor,A variant with single substitution in the LRR-only protein CsLRR1,which regulates cucumber resistance to powdery mildew through a salicylic-acid-mediated pathway,provides a major source of resistance for cucumber *** powdery mildew(PM),mainly caused by the biotrophic pathogen Podosphaera xanthii(synonym Podosphaera fusca),poses a serious threat to cucumber crops globally,leading to substantial reductions in fruit yield and quality(Martinez-Cruz et al.,2017).

关键词： cucumber breeding powdery mildew resistance LRR-only protein salicylic acid

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Management Practices of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Questionnaire-Based Survey among Lebanese Oncologists

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 138-149页

作者： Joseph Kattan sally Temraz Fadi Nasr Arafat Tfayli Christina Khater Anas Mugharbel Hady Ghanem Hampig Raphael Kourie Georges Hachem Sarah Masri Jamil Debs Ali Shamseddine Department of Hematology-Oncology H&#244tel-Dieu de France University Hospital Faculty of Medicine Saint-Joseph University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Hematology-Oncology Division American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Hematology-Oncology Division American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Department of Hematology-Oncology Saint Charles Hospital Beirut Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Makassed General Hospital Beirut Lebanon Hematology-Oncology Division Lebanese American University Medical Center - Rizk Hospital Beirut Lebanon Department of Hematology-Oncology Saint George Hospital University Medical Center Beirut Lebanon Pfizer Medical Affairs Beirut Lebanon

Background and Objective: The outcome of locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma LA/mUC has improved over the past years with a plethora of new treatments and the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody-drug conjugates, and targeted agents, to identify locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma’s current management practices in Lebanon and the implication of the ongoing economic crisis on the medical practice. Methods: An online questionnaire was used to survey ten Lebanese oncologists from six different hospitals, between July 5 and July 11, 2022, requesting information pertaining to their current clinical practice in the pharmacological treatment of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Key Findings: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy was the most frequently reported initial treatment of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Participants reported using immune checkpoint inhibitors in platinum-ineligible patients and those with PDL1 positive tumors. Also, they would not consider the concomitant use of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in the first-line setting. Participants believed that avelumab maintenance is effective in the absence of progression after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy;they would consider initiating it 2 - 10 weeks after completion of chemotherapy. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: After comparing with current international guidelines, this study shows that Lebanese oncologists follow international guidelines and have deep knowledge of recent clinical trials for the management of locally advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma, regardless of economic crisis challenges.

关键词： Clinical Practice Chemotherapy Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors PDL1 Urothelial Carcinoma

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Associations of Gestational Exposure to Air Pollution and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Placental Inflammation

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Environment & Health 2024年第9期2卷 672-680页

作者： Emily A.Craig Yan Lin Yihui Ge Xiangtian Wang Susan K.Murphy Donald K.Harrington Richard K.Miller sally W.Thurston Philip K.Hopke Emily S.Barrett Thomas G.O’Connor David Q.Rich Junfeng Zhang Nicholas School of the Environment&Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina 27708United States Department of Psychiatry University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Environmental Medicine and Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Psychology University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Department of Environmental Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Public Health Sciences University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Rutgers School of Public HealthPiscatawayNew Jersey 08854United States Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Public Health Sciences Department of Medicineand Department of Environmental MedicineUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States

Restricted fetal growth(RFG)is a leading contributor to perinatal mortality and has been associated with gestational exposure to air pollution,such as fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),nitrogen dioxide(NO2),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).This study examines the association between trimester-specific and weekly means of air pollution throughout gestation and placental inflammatory markers at *** a prospective cohort study of 263 pregnant women in Rochester,NY,we measured interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in placental tissue and estimated gestational exposure to PM_(2.5)and NO_(2)using a high-resolution spatial-temporal *** to PAHs was estimated using urinary 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP)concentrations collected once per *** distributed lag models with a penalized spline function,each interquartile range(2.6μg/m^(3))increase in PM_(2.5)concentration during gestational weeks 6−11 was associated with decreased placental IL-6 levels(−22.2%,95%CI:−39.0%,−0.64%).Using multiple linear regression models,each interquartile range increase of 1-OHP was associated with an increase in TNF-αin the first trimester(58.5%,95%CI:20.7%,74.2%),third trimester(22.9%,95%CI:0.04%,49.5%),and entire pregnancy(29.6%,95%CI:3.9%,60.6%).Our results suggest gestational exposure to air pollution may alter the inflammatory environment of the placenta at delivery.

关键词： pregnancy air pollution PAHs placenta tumor necrosis factor interleukin

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