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Histopathological,histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats

Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 211-227页

作者： Mahrous Abdelbasset Ibrahim sally salem mohammed Hany Goda Tammam Rehab Ibrahim Abdel-Karim Medhat mohammed Farag Forensic Medicine&Clinical Toxicology College of MedicineJouf UniversitySakakahSaudi Arabia Forensic Medicine&Clinical Toxicology Department Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt Histology and Cell Biology Department Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department Faculty of MedicineAl-Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt Medical biochemistry Department College of MedicineShaqra UniversityShaqraaSaudi Arabia Medical Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Department Faculty of MedicineBenha UniversityBenhaEgypt

Reaching a postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia is challenging in forensic practice.Therefore,this study was conducted to detect the histopathological,histochemical and biochemical changes that occur in adult albino rats following exposure to induced fatal hypothermia.Twenty-four adult albino rats were divided into the negative control,moderate hypothermia,severe hypothermia and hypoxia groups.Rats in the control group were euthanized when those in the moderate hypothermic group died.Blood samples were collected via heart puncture,and the cerebrum,heart,suprarenal gland,kidney,liver and skeletal muscle were removed to investigate the biochemical,histochemical and histopathological changes.Postmortem assessment depicted significant changes in lipid peroxidation,represented by increased malondialdehyde levels in the studied organs of the rats in hypothermic and hypoxia groups.Histopathological examination of the rats’organs revealed degeneration and necrosis in the hypothermia and hypoxia groups.Sections taken from the severe hypothermic rats revealed a loss of normal cardiac tissue architecture,necrotic changes in the pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex,and massive necrosis,mainly in the tubules of the renal cortex and medulla.These findings suggest that histological changes might be used as biochemical markers for postmortem diagnosing of fatal hypothermia,particularly in severe hypothermic conditions.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic medicine legal medicine autopsy forensic pathology histochemical hypothermia

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HDLIDP: A Hybrid Deep Learning Intrusion Detection and Prevention Framework

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2293-2312页

作者： Magdy M.Fadel sally M.El-Ghamrawy Amr M.T.Ali-Eldin mohammed K.Hassan Ali I.El-Desoky Computer Engineering and Systems Department Faculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityMansoura35516DKEgypt Head of Communications and Computer Engineering Department MISR Higher Institute for Engineering and TechnologyMansoura35111DKEgypt Mechatronics Department Faculty of EngineeringHours University in Egypt(HUE)New Damietta34517DTEgypt

Distributed denial-of-service(DDoS)attacks are designed to interrupt network services such as email servers and webpages in traditional computer networks.Furthermore,the enormous number of connected devices makes it difficult to operate such a network effectively.Software defined networks(SDN)are networks that are managed through a centralized control system,according to researchers.This controller is the brain of any SDN,composing the forwarding table of all data plane network switches.Despite the advantages of SDN controllers,DDoS attacks are easier to perpetrate than on traditional networks.Because the controller is a single point of failure,if it fails,the entire network will fail.This paper offers a Hybrid Deep Learning Intrusion Detection and Prevention(HDLIDP)framework,which blends signature-based and deep learning neural networks to detect and prevent intrusions.This framework improves detection accuracy while addressing all of the aforementioned problems.To validate the framework,experiments are done on both traditional and SDN datasets;the findings demonstrate a significant improvement in classification accuracy.

关键词： Software defined networks(SDN) distributed denial of service attack(DDoS) signature-based detection whale optimization algorism(WOA) deep learning neural network classifier

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Effects of feeding rate and formula fineness degree of ring die pellet mill on mechanical property, physical quality, energy requirements, and production cost of poultry diets

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第3期16卷 30-36页

作者： Khaled A.Metwally Reda I.Zaki sally S.Fouda Reem S.Alruhaimi Haifa A.Alqhtani Nouf Aldawood Ayman M.Mahmoud mohammed A.E.Naiel Department of Soil and Water Sciences Faculty of Technology and DevelopmentZagazig University44511Egypt Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology Department Central Laboratory for Aquaculture ResearchAgriculture Research CenterAbbassa 44661Abu-HammedSharkiaEgypt Bio Engineering Department Agricultural Engineering Research Institute(AENRI)Agriculture Research CenterEgypt Department of Biology College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Physiology Division Zoology DepartmentFaculty of ScienceBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef 62514Egypt Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M15GDUK Department of Animal Production Faculty of AgricultureZagazig UniversityZagazig 44511Egypt

The effect of a machine feeding rate(FR;1,1.5 and 2 Mg/h)and/or three levels of selected fineness degree(FD;3,5 and 7 mm)on machine performance,pellet physical parameters,required energy and production cost of three main types of broilers diets were examined in this experiment.The examined broiler diets were formulated to meet the Ross 308 strain requirements.A complete factorial design(3×3×3)was used to identify the effects of studied factors on the pellet mill machine and pellet production.The obtained results indicated that the pellet mill productivity significantly(p˂0.001)improved through increased pellet mill feeding rate level.In addition,the machine pelleting efficiency was found to be significantly affected by all studied variables and their interactions.While the total power consumption of the machine showed no variations under the impact of the tested factors or with any of their combinations.Regarding the pellet physical quality indices,all broiler diets with all selected FD and lower FR had the maximum durability and bulk density levels.Furthermore,lower feeding rates were associated with higher hardness degrees.The lowest production costs were substantially correlated with high FR and intermediate FD(5 mm).Furthermore,production costs were determined to be reduced in finisher broiler diets under different feeding rates.Moreover,manufacturing costs of finisher broiler meals were observed to decrease in several feeding rates.Overall,these findings indicate the capabilities of producing high-quality pellets and reducing the needed production costs by optimizing feeding rates to 2 Mg/h and 2 mm fineness in broiler diets.

关键词： feeding rate fineness degree broiler diets pellet quality production cost

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PEF Assisted Thermal Sterilization （PEF-ATS） Process-Inactivation of Geobacillus sterothermophilus Spores

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2012年第7期2卷 403-410页

作者： sally R. Alkhafaji mohammed M. Farid Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand

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术前应用氯胺酮复合右美托咪定对老年人术后谵妄的影响

术前应用氯胺酮复合右美托咪定对老年人术后谵妄的影响

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作者：莎丽（sally mohammed Hadi）中南大学

学位级别：硕士

研究背景：术后谵妄（POD）常见于接受大型手术的老年患者,增加患者术后护理难度,延长住院时间并且引起死亡率的增加;其常见于术后3天,发生率为10%至80%。术后谵妄的病理生理机制尚不明确,可能与认知功能改变有关。其发病的危险因素可... 详细信息

研究背景：术后谵妄（POD）常见于接受大型手术的老年患者,增加患者术后护理难度,延长住院时间并且引起死亡率的增加;其常见于术后3天,发生率为10%至80%。术后谵妄的病理生理机制尚不明确,可能与认知功能改变有关。其发病的危险因素可能有老龄、低氧血症、低碳酸血症、严重疼痛等。既往研究中,氯胺酮和右美托咪定分别被成功应用于预防术后谵妄。实验目的：本研究拟观察在择期行腹部手术的老年患者中,术前合用小剂量氯胺酮和右美托咪定（ketodex）对老年人术后谵妄的影响。方法：在该前瞻、随机和双盲研究中,45名65岁以上,体重41-90kg, ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ级,择期于全身麻醉下行腹部手术的患者分为两组,均于入室前30min肌注阿托品0.5mg,苯巴比妥100mg。其中ketodex组共23名患者,于全身麻醉诱导前5min静脉滴注给予右美托咪定（0.1μg/kg）和氯胺酮（0.5mg/kg）;对照组22名患者于全身麻醉诱导前5min给予相同容量的生理盐水。术中予以静吸复合维持麻醉,持续监测ECG、无创及有创血压、SP02、呼气末二氧化碳。术后连续3天与患者陪护或贴身护理的家属交谈,采用谵妄评估量表CAM量表)评估患者前1天谵妄的发生情况。依次询问患者陪护表中4个问题并描述患者前1天精神状况及行为学表现。如患者具备前2个问题中的表现且同时有问题3或问题4中阳性表现则可诊断患者发生了谵妄。统计分析两组患者基本资料以及术后并发症等统计学特征,比较两组患者谵妄发生率及持续天数的差异。 CAM量表* 1.急性起病：（判断从前驱期到疾病发展期的时间）病人的精神状况有急性变化的证据吗?行为变化在过去的一天中有反复或者严重程度变化吗? 2.注意障碍：（请患者按顺序说出21到1之间的所有单数）患者的注意力难以集中吗?例如,容易注意涣散或难以交流吗? 3.思维混乱：患者的思维是凌乱或不连贯的吗?例如,谈话主题散漫或不中肯,思维不清晰或不合逻辑,或从一个话题突然转到另一话题? 4.意识水平的改变：总体上看,您觉得患者的意识水平是机敏（正常）,警觉（对环境刺激高度警惕、过度敏感）嗜睡（瞌睡,但易于唤醒）或昏睡（难以唤醒）还是昏迷（不能唤醒）? 诊断标准：1+2+3/4为阳性即可诊断为谵妄结果：最终39名患者完成研究,其中ketodex组20人,对照组19人。患者基本资料及术后并发症组间无明显差异。术后3天ketodex组有5人（25.00%）发生谵妄,对照组9人（47.37%）。两组患者POD发生率差异不明显（P＞0.05）。然而,对照组患者谵妄的持续天数较ketodex组患者长（1.89±0.601vs1.20±0.447,P＜0.05）结论：择期行腹部手术的老年患者,全身麻醉诱导前给予小剂量氯胺酮及右美托咪定不能显著降低术后谵妄的发生率,但是可能缩短术后谵妄的持续时间。

关键词：麻醉谵妄右美托咪定氯胺酮

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Patients direct costs to undergo TB diagnosis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 221-229页

作者： Rachel M.Anderson de Cuevas Lovett Lawson Najla Al-Sonboli Nasher Al-Aghbari Isabel Arbide Jeevan B.Sherchand Emenyonu E.Nnamdi Abraham Aseffa mohammed A.Yassin Saddiq T.Abdurrahman Joshua Obasanya Oladimeji Olanrewaju Daniel Datiko sally J.Theobald Andrew Ramsay S.Bertel Squire Luis E.Cuevas Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK Zankli Medical Center AbujaNigeria Bingham University Nassarawa StateAbujaNigeria Medical Faculty Sana’a UniversitySana’aYemen National Tuberculosis Institute Sana’aYemen Bushullo Major Health Centre AwassaEthiopia Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine KathmanduNepal Armauer Hansen Research Institute Addis AbabaEthiopia The Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and MalariaGenevaSwitzerland Federal Capital Territory Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme AbujaNigeria Nigeria Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme AbujaNigeria REACH Ethiopia HawassaEthiopia UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland

Background:A major impediment to the treatment of TB is a diagnostic process that requires multiple visits.Descriptions of patient costs associated with diagnosis use different protocols and are not comparable.Methods:We aimed to describe the direct costs incurred by adults attending TB diagnostic centres in four countries and factors associated with expenditure for diagnosis.Surveys of 2225 adults attending smear-microscopy centres in Nigeria,Nepal,Ethiopia and Yemen.Adults>18 years with cough>2 weeks were enrolled prospectively.Direct costs were quantified using structured questionnaires.Patients with costs>75^(th) quartile were considered to have high expenditure(cases)and compared with patients with costs<75^(th) quartile to identify factors associated with high expenditure.Results:The most significant expenses were due to clinic fees and transport.Most participants attended the centres with companions.High expenditure was associated with attending with company,residing in rural areas/other towns and illiteracy.Conclusions:The costs incurred by patients are substantial and share common patterns across countries.Removing user fees,transparent charging policies and reimbursing clinic expenses would reduce the poverty-inducing effects of direct diagnostic costs.In locations with limited resources,support could be prioritised for those most at risk of high expenditure;those who are illiterate,attend the service with company and rural residents.

关键词： Tuberculosis Costs Access to healthcare Ethiopia Nepal Nigeria Yemen

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