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Box-Jenkins’ Methodology in Predicting Maternal Mortality Records from a Public Health Facility in Ghana

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2018年第6期8卷 189-202页

作者： David Adedia salifu nanga Simon Kojo Appiah Anani Lotsi Daniel A. Abaye School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Volta Region Ghana Department of Mathematics College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Statistics University of Ghana Legon Ghana

The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 advocated the reduction of maternal mortality rates significantly by 2015, however, maternal mortality rates continue to rise. Here, we modelled maternal mortality data for the years 2000 to 2013 obtained from a public hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. We applied the Box-Jenkins approach of univariate form of time series autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The output revealed that the ARIMA (1, 1, 1) model was most appropriate to model and predict monthly maternal cases with Akaike information criterion (AIC) value of 117.02 and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) value of 125.91. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test confirmed normality of the residuals. The Ljung-Box test on the residuals showed no serial correlation. The model was then validated based on the measures of accuracy. The results showed that the maternal mortality cases for the years 2000 to 2011 are high: minimum 3, median 11, mean 12 and maximum cases of 26 per month. The predicted mortality cases were 10 to 11 monthly for years 2012 to 2013, indicating that the target of MDG 5 could not be achieved by 2015. Fresh and perceptive strategies are urgently needed to arrest the unacceptably high death rates.

关键词： Maternal Mortality MDG 5 Box-Jenkins Methodology ARIMA Model Validation Ghana

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Assessment of Hypertension-Induced Deaths in Ghana: A Nation-Wide Study from 2012 to 2016

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2020年第3期8卷 158-170页

作者： David Adedia Livingstone Asem Simon Kojo Appiah salifu nanga Yeboah Boateng Kwabena O. Duedu Lotsi Anani Department of Basic Sciences School of Basic & Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science College of Basic and Applied Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana

Globally, hypertension is one of the leading causes of death. It can potentially lead to heart disease and stroke, among others, that could result to premature death. In Ghana, hypertension is considered as a disease that contributes to an increase in outpatients’ attendance. To assess the trend differentials of hypertension-induced deaths in Ghana, Chi-square test for equal proportions and Marascuilo procedure for pairwise comparison were performed using surveillance data on reported number of deaths from 2012 to 2016 across the then ten regions. The results show that incidence of hypertension-induced mortality was significantly different for almost all the regions and over the years. The incidence of hypertension-induced mortality has significantly reduced from 2012 to 2016. However, Volta Region recorded the highest incidence of mortality cases (p-value less of 0.0001) than the other regions during the period under review, while the Upper East Region recorded continuous increase in incidence of mortality cases with the highest in 2016. The Eastern Region, Central Region, and Greater Accra Region recorded significantly (p-value less of 0.0001) higher incidence of hypertension-induced mortality than the Ashanti Region, Brong Ahafo Region, Northern Region, Western Region and Upper West Region. The Upper West Region and Western Region had the lowest incidence of mortality. The decline in trend of hypertension-induced mortality could be attributed to some healthcare interventions put in place during the period. One of these interventions was the introduction of health insurance in 2003, a development which has been shown to affect the health seeking behaviors of the people. It is, therefore, important to investigate factors affecting these spatial and temporal dynamics in order to determine appropriate ways to actively control the hypertension-induced deaths in the country. Public education on health should be intensified so as to totally curb hypert

关键词： Hypertension Hypertension-Induced Mortality Chi-Square Test Marascuilo Test Incidence Rates Ghana

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Review of Dimension Reduction Methods

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2021年第3期9卷 189-231页

作者： salifu nanga Ahmed Tijani Bawah Benjamin Ansah Acquaye Mac-Issaka Billa Francis Delali Baeta Nii Afotey Odai Samuel Kwaku Obeng Ampem Darko Nsiah Department of Basic Science School of Basic and Biomedical Science University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Medical Laboratory Science School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana SANA Research and Consult Accra Ghana University of Management Studies Weija-Accra Ghana Department of Mathematics and Statistics Ho Technical University Ho Ghana Health Information Unit Tema General Hospital Tema Ghana Department of Data Quality Monitoring Ghana Statistical Service Accra Ghana Criminal Investigation Department Ghana Police Service Accra Ghana

Purpose: This study sought to review the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses variants, applications areas and data types applied on the various Dimension Reduction techniques. Methodology: The most commonly used databases employed to search for the papers were ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore and Mendeley. An integrative review was used for the study where 341 papers were reviewed. Results: The linear techniques considered were Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Locality Preserving Projections (LPP), Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Project Pursuit (PP). The non-linear techniques which were developed to work with applications that have complex non-linear structures considered were Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), Multi-dimensional Scaling (MDS), Isomap, Locally Linear Embedding (LLE), Self-Organizing Map (SOM), Latent Vector Quantization (LVQ), t-Stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). DR techniques can further be categorized into supervised, unsupervised and more recently semi-supervised learning methods. The supervised versions are the LDA and

关键词： Dimension Reduction Machine Learning Linear Dimension Reduction Techniques Non-Linear Reduction Techniques

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