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Open Journal of Geology 2019年第1期9卷 57-66页

作者： Shamim Akhtar Yasin Rahim Bin Hu Hinyuen Tsang Khawaja Muhammad Ibrar Muhammad Fahad Ullah saleh ibrahim bute Department of Earth Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

Pre-Cambrian to Paleocene age sedimentary rocks predominantly characterize the fold and thrust belt of eastern Hazara division. The Hazara Slate Formation is the oldest rock unit which represents the Precambrian sequence. The Permian and Triassic sequences are missing. The Jurassic sequence comprises Samana Suk Formation whereas the Cretaceous exposed is Chichali and Lumshiwal formations. The Eocene sequence consists of Nammal and Sakessar formations. The structural fabric of the area is mainly attributed to a series of northwest trending parallel to en echelon anticlines and synclines. Most of these folds are found to be asymmetric and are Northwest facing. Several thrust faults verging both to the north have been mapped that generally dissect the forelimbs of the anticlinal structures. But the following study going to be focus on surface structural features as well as subsurface projections of folds and faults. Study of such structural features has get prime importance in economic geology such as petroleum geology, mining geology and engineering geology. In our study area subsurface projection of folds and faults along the structural transects of the area suggests that these structures have formed as a result of shortening associated with ramping from a regional basal decollement. All the structures clearly demonstrate that the eastern Hazara area has been subjected to compressional deformation/stresses oriented northeast southwest. The repetition of rock units indicates, folding in the area and thrusting of Pre-Cambrian Hazara Formation over younger Paleocene Lockhart Formation, evidence of thrust fault. There are unconformable contacts between Hazara and Samana Suk, Chichali and Lumshiwal, Kawagarh and Hangu and Lockhart formations indicate fluctuation in the environment of deposition. The Bagnotar Fault, Dhamtaur syncline and Thai anticline are the major structural features identified and reported in the study area.

关键词： Thrust Faults Anticlines Synclines Compressional Deformation

Clustered Hyperbolic Categories

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Algebra Colloquium 2018年第1期25卷 81-106页

作者： ibrahim saleh Mathematics Department University of Wisconsin 80 Regent Street Madison Wisconsin 53715 USA

We introduce a class of categories, called clustered hyperbolic categories, which are constructed from a categorized version of preseeds called categorical preseeds using categorical mutations that are a ＂functorial＂ edition of preseed mutations. Every Weyl preseed p gives rise to a categorical preseed P which generates a clustered hyperbolic category; this is formed by copies of categories each one of which is equivalent to the category of representations of the Weyl cluster algebra H（p）. A ＂categorical realization＂ of Weyl cluster algebra is provided in the sense of defining a map Fp from any clustered hyperbolic category induced from p to the Weyl cluster algebra H（p）, where the image of Fp generates H（p）.

关键词： cluster algebras Weyl cluster algebras representations theory categorification of generalized Weyl algebras

Synthesis of amyl ester grafted on carbon-nanopolymer composite as an inhibitor for cleaner shale drilling

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Petroleum 2022年第4期8卷 529-537页

作者： Tawfik A.saleh Mukaila A.ibrahim Department of Chemistry King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge4401University DriveLethbridgeAlbertaT1K 3M4Canada

Wellbore instability in oil and gas industry well drillings is a significant challenge that is linked to shale swelling when shale interacts with free water molecules in the water-based drilling *** design of environmentally benign,biodegradable,and effective shale hydration inhibitors is a prominent objective of contemporary exploration in well-drilling fluids as a replacement for the common KCl which is detrimental to aquatic *** work reports the synthesis and potential of novel green acrylic polymer-amyl ester activated carbon(-C)nanocomposite to hinder shale hydration in formations during *** less hydrophobic acrylic acid-acrylamide-activated carbon-amyl ester(AA-AAm-C-Amyl)and more hydrophobic acrylic acid-acrylamide-octadecene-activated carbon-amyl ester(AA-AAm-OD-CAmyl)composites were synthesized,characterized,and tested with standard methods as a cleaner fluid additive for shale swelling inhibition,and their results compared with that of *** polymer matrixes displayed remarkable thermal *** also indicate that AA-AAm-C-Amyl and AA-AAm-OD-CAmyl composites could stabilize wellbore effectively with 95.2%and 93.7%anti-swelling ratio,and shale recovery capacity of 97%and 95.2%*** surface evaluation of the composite fluidtreated bentonite revealed that the mechanism of inhibition could be based on the collaborative action of nanopore plugging of carbon core and strong adsorption of the polymer component of the materials on clay surfaces via encapsulation and hydrogen bonding to form an impressive filter cake which could actively prevent water invasion into ***,AA-AAm-C-Amyl and AA-AAm-OD-C-Amyl composites could be a sustainable substitute for the conventional KCl as a shale inhibitor for welldrilling.

关键词： Clean shale drilling Sustainable materials Advanced technology Amyl ester activated carbon Polymer composite

Simplified mathematical model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on horizon fuel cell stack

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第4期4卷 668-679页

作者： ibrahim M.M.saleh Rashid ALI Hongwei ZHANG Materials and Engineering Research Institute Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK

This paper presents a simplified zero-dimensional mathematical model for a self-humidifying proton exchange membrane(PEM)fuel cell stack of 1 k *** model incorporates major electric and thermodynamic variables and parameters involved in the operation of the PEM fuel cell under different operational *** of each of these parameters and variables upon the operation and the performance of the PEM fuel cell are *** mathematical equations are modeled by using Matlab-Simulink tools in order to simulate the operation of the developed model with a commercial available 1kW horizon PEM fuel cell stack(H-1000),which is used for the purposes of model validation and tuning of the developed *** model can be extrapolated to higher wattage fuel cells of similar *** equation is presented to determine the impact of using air to supply the PEM fuel cell instead of pure oxygen upon the concentration losses and the output voltage when useful current is drawn from it.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane(PEM)fuel cell Activation losses Ohmic losses Concentration losses Cathode-anode model Membrane hydration model

Nonlinear restructuring of patterned thin films by residual stress engineering into out-of-plane wavy-shaped electrostatic microactuators for high-performance radio-frequency switches

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 397-409页

作者： Rayan Bajwa Heba saleh Milad Shojaeian ibrahim Tekin Murat Kaya Yapici Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University34956 IstanbulTurkey Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center 34956 IstanbulTurkey Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington98195 SeattleWAUSA

Electrostatic microelectromechanical (MEMS) switches are the basic building blocks for various radio-frequency (RF) transceivers. However, conventional cantilever-based designs of MEMS switches require a large actuation voltage, exhibit limited RF performance, and suffer from many performance tradeoffs due to their flat geometries restricted in two dimensions (2D). Here, by leveraging the residual stress in thin films, we report a novel development of three-dimensional (3D) wavy microstructures, which offer the potential to serve as high-performance RF switches. Relying on standard IC-compatible metallic materials, we devise a simple fabrication process to repeatedly manufacture out-of-plane wavy beams with controllable bending profiles and yields reaching 100%. We then demonstrate the utility of such metallic wavy beams as RF switches achieving both extremely low actuation voltage and improved RF performance owing to their unique geometry, which is tunable in three dimensions and exceeds the capabilities of current state-of-the-art flat-cantilever switches with 2D-restricted topology. As such, the wavy cantilever switch presented in this work actuates at voltages as low as 24 V while simultaneously exhibiting RF isolation and insertion loss of 20 dB and 0.75 dB, respectively, for frequencies up to 40 GHz. Wavy switch designs with 3D geometries break through the design limits set by traditional flat cantilevers and provide an additional degree of freedom or control knob in the switch design process, which could enable further optimization of switching networks used in current 5G and upcoming 6G communication scenarios.

关键词： performance cantilever dimensions

Web Attack Detection Using the Input Validation Method:DPDA Theory

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3167-3184页

作者： Osamah ibrahim Khalaf Munsif Sokiyna Youseef Alotaibi Abdulmajeed Alsufyani saleh Alghamdi Al-Nahrain University Al-Nahrain Nano Renewable Energy Research CenterBaghdadIraq Department of Management Information Systems Faculty of Science&Information TechnologyCyprus International UniversityNicosiaCyprus Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information Technology Taif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

A major issue while building web applications is proper input validation and *** can quickly exploit errors and vulnerabilities that lead to malicious behavior in web application validation *** are rapidly improving their capabilities and technologies and now focus on exploiting vulnerabilities in web applications and compromising ***-site scripting(XSS)and SQL injection attack(SQLIA)are attacks in which a hacker sends malicious inputs(cheat codes)to confuse a web application,to access or disable the application’s back-end without user *** this paper,we explore the problem of detecting and removing bugs from both client-side and server-side code.A new idea that allows assault detection and prevention using the input validation mechanism is *** addition,the project supports web security tests by providing easy-to-use and accurate models of vulnerability prediction and methods for *** these attributes imply a program statement that is vulnerable in an SQLIA,this can be evaluated and checked for a set of static code ***,we provide a script whitelisting interception layer built into the browser’s JavaScript engine,where the SQLIA is eventually detected and the XSS attack resolved using the method of input validation and script whitelisting under pushdown *** framework was tested under a scenario of an SQL attack and *** is demonstrated to offer an extensive improvement over the current *** framework’s main ability lies in the decrease of bogus *** has been demonstrated utilizing new methodologies,nevertheless giving unique access to sites dependent on the peculiarity score related to web *** proposed input validation framework is shown to identify all anomalies and delivers better execution in contrast with the current program.

关键词： Static dynamic detection prevention input validation deterministic push down automata

Modified Bat Algorithm for Optimal VM’s in Cloud Computing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2877-2894页

作者： Amit Sundas Sumit Badotra Youseef Alotaibi saleh Alghamdi Osamah ibrahim Khalaf Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjab144411India Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Al-Nahrain Nano-Renewable Energy Research Center Al-Nahrain UniversityBaghdad10072Iraq

All task scheduling applications need to ensure that resources are optimally used,performance is enhanced,and costs are *** purpose of this paper is to discuss how to Fitness Calculate Values(FCVs)to provide application software with a reliable solution during the initial stages of load *** cloud computing environment is the subject of this *** consists of both physical and logical components(most notably cloud infrastructure and cloud storage)(in particular cloud services and cloud platforms).This intricate structure is interconnected to provide services to users and improve the overall system’s *** case study is one of the most important segments of cloud computing,i.e.,Load *** paper aims to introduce a new approach to balance the load among Virtual Machines(VM’s)of the cloud computing *** proposed method led to the proposal and implementation of an algorithm inspired by the Bat Algorithm(BA).This proposed Modified Bat Algorithm(MBA)allows balancing the load among virtual *** proposed algorithm works in two variants:MBA with Overloaded Optimal Virtual Machine(MBAOOVM)and Modified Bat Algorithm with Balanced Virtual Machine(MBABVM).MBA generates cost-effective solutions and the strengths of MBA are finally validated by comparing it with Bat Algorithm.

关键词： Bat algorithm cloud computing fitness value calculation load balancing modified bat algorithm

Fruit Image Classification Using Deep Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 5135-5150页

作者： Harmandeep Singh Gill Osamah ibrahim Khalaf Youseef Alotaibi saleh Alghamdi Fawaz Alassery Department of Computer Science Guru Arjan Dev Khalsa College Chohla Sahib143408PunjabIndia Al-Nahrain University Al-Nahrain Nano-Renewable Energy Research CenterBaghdad964Iraq Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

Fruit classification is found to be one of the rising fields in computer and machine *** deep learning-based procedures worked out so far to classify images may have some ill-posed *** performance of the classification scheme depends on the range of captured images,the volume of features,types of characters,choice of features from extracted features,and type of classifiers *** paper aims to propose a novel deep learning approach consisting of Convolution Neural Network(CNN),Recurrent Neural Network(RNN),and Long Short-TermMemory(LSTM)application to classify the fruit *** accuracy depends on the extracted and selected optimal *** learning applications CNN,RNN,and LSTM were collectively involved to classify the *** is used to extract the image *** is used to select the extracted optimal features and LSTM is used to classify the fruits based on extracted and selected images features by CNN and *** study shows the supremacy of proposed over existing Support Vector Machine(SVM),Feed-forwardNeural Network(FFNN),and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)competitive techniques for fruit images *** accuracy rate of the proposed approach is quite better than the SVM,FFNN,and ANFIS *** has been concluded that the proposed technique outperforms existing schemes.

关键词： Image classification feature extraction type-II fuzzy logic integrator generator deep learning

Geochemistry and spectrometric prospection of younger granites and granitic pegmatites bearing uranium mineralization at *** El Rakeb area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第4期40卷 575-601页

作者： Gehad M.saleh Bahaa M.Emad ibrahim B.Abdel Kader Nuclear Materials Authority El MaadiP.O.Box 530CairoEgypt

The present study deals with the detailed field geology,mineralogy,geochemistry,and spectrometric prospection of rare metals and radioactive minerals associated with granitic pegmatites in the Gabal Um LassafAbu Dob-Um Atelia-Kadabora-Kab El Rakeb area(LDAKK),which are situated in the central Eastern Desert of *** study area is composed of granodiorites and *** latter is dissected by granitic pegmatites with a discriminatory distribution of economically important mineralization(rare-metals and U-Th minerals).The granitic pegmatites display a zoning structure composed of feldspar-rich zones enveloping pockets of mica(mostly muscovite) and all zoning internal quartz ***,the monzogranite and granitic pegmatites are composed of potash-feldspar,albite,and quartz with a small amount of biotite and *** mineralogical investigation of the highly radioactive zones in the granitic pegmatite shows enrichment in kasolite,uranothorite,thorite,xenotime,columbite,zircon,bismuth,and ***,the granitic pegmatites are enriched with high field strength elements(HFSE;Zr,Nb,Th,and U) and ion lithophilic elements(LILE;Rb,and Pb) and depleted in Ba,Sr,and *** are strongly peralkaline to metalumainous except for two samples,which are *** are formed by partial melting of metagreywackes at *** studied granitic pegmatites could belong to the NYF family(Niobium-Yttrium-Fluorine family) according to the geochemistry of the trace *** studied granitic pegmatites show deep negative Eu anomaly and display a strong M-type tetrad effect of rare earth *** field spectroscopy measurements showed the localization of the radiometric anomalous associated with the granitic pegmatites,which are intruded in the granitic host *** eU and eTh contents reached up to 316 and 1367 ppm,*** and thorium occurrences in the investigated granitic pegmatites are related to magmatic(syngenetic)ori

关键词： Geochemistry Gabal Um Lassaf-Abu Dob-Um Atelia-Kadabora-Kab El Rakeb area(LDAKK) Uranium REE Egypt