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Current perspectives of viral

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2402-2417页

作者： Daisuke Usuda Yuki Kaneoka Rikuo Ono Masashi Kato Yuto Sugawara Runa Shimizu Tomotari Inami Eri Nakajima Shiho Tsuge Riki Sakurai Kenji Kawai Shun Matsubara Risa Tanaka Makoto Suzuki Shintaro Shimozawa Yuta Hotchi Ippei Osugi Risa Katou sakurako Ito Kentaro Mishima Akihiko Kondo Keiko Mizuno Hiroki Takami Takayuki Komatsu Tomohisa Nomura Manabu Sugita Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Nerima HospitalNerima 177-8521TokyoJapan Department of Sports Medicine Faculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityBunkyo 113-8421TokyoJapan

Viral hepatitis represents a major danger to public health,and is a globally leading cause of *** five liver-specific viruses:Hepatitis A virus,hepatitis B virus,hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus,each have their own unique epidemiology,structural biology,transmission,endemic patterns,risk of liver complications,and response to antiviral *** remain few options for treatment,in spite of the increasing prevalence of viral-hepatitiscaused liver ***,chronic viral hepatitis is a leading worldwide cause of both liver-related morbidity and mortality,even though effective treatments are available that could reduce or prevent most patients’*** 2016,the World Health Organization released its plan to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by the year 2030,along with a discussion of current gaps and prospects for both regional and global eradication of viral ***,treatment is sufficiently able to prevent the disease from reaching advanced ***,future therapies must be extremely safe,and should ideally limit the period of treatment necessary.A better understanding of pathogenesis will prove beneficial in the development of potential treatment strategies targeting infections by viral *** review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on each type of viral hepatitis,together with major innovations.

关键词： Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis D virus Hepatitis E virus Current perspectives

The assembly of the Milky Way and its satellite galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第8期12卷 1021-1043页

作者： Martin C. Smith sakurako Okamoto Hai-Bo Yuan Xiao-Wei Liu Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China LAMOST Fellow Department of Astronomy Peking University Beijing 100871 China

In recent years it has become clear that the Milky Way is an important test- ing ground for theories of galaxy formation. Much of this growth has been driven by large surveys, both photometric and spectroscopic, which are producing vast and rich catalogs of data. Through the analysis of these data sets we can gain new and detailed insights into the physical processes which shaped the Milky Way＇s evolution. This review will discuss a number of these developments, first focusing on the disk of the Milky Way, and then looking at its satellite population. The importance of surveys has not gone unnoticed by the Chinese astronomy community and in the final section we discuss a number of Chinese projects that are set to play a key role in the development of this field.

关键词： Galaxy: structure -- Galaxy: evolution -- Galaxy: kinematics and dy-namics -- Galaxy: disk -- galaxies: dwarf-- surveys

Post-polypectomy bleeding and thromboembolism risks associated with warfarin vs direct oral anticoagulants

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第14期24卷 1540-1549页

作者： Naohiro Yanagisawa Naoyoshi Nagata Kazuhiro Watanabe Tatsuhiro Iida Mariko Hamada sakurako Kobayashi Takuro Shimbo Junichi Akiyama Naomi Uemura Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyo 162-8655Japan Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital Fukushima 963-8022Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National Center for Global Health and MedicineKohnodai HospitalChiba 272-8516Japan

AIM To verify the validity of the endoscopy guidelines for patients taking warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants(DOAC).METHODS We collected data from 218 patients receiving oral anticoagulants(73 DOAC users, 145 warfarin users) and 218 patients not receiving any antithrombotics(age-and sexmatched controls) who underwent polypectomy.(1) We evaluated post-polypectomy bleeding(PPB) risk in patients receiving warfarin or DOAC compared with controls;(2) we assessed the risks of PPB and thromboembolism between three AC management methods: Discontinuing AC with heparin bridge(HPB)(endoscopy guideline recommendation), continuing AC, and discontinuing AC without *** PPB rate was significantly higher in warfarin users and DOAC users compared with controls(13.7% and 13.7% vs 0.9%, P < 0.001), but was not significantly different between rivaroxaban(13.2%), dabigatran(11.1%), and apixaban(13.3%) users. Two thromboembolic events occurred in warfarin users, but none in DOAC users. Compared with the continuing anticoagulant group, the discontinuing anticoagulant with HPB group(guideline recommendation) had a higher PPB rate(10.8% vs 19.6%, P = 0.087). These findings were significantly evident in warfarin but not DOAC users. One thrombotic event occurred in the discontinuing anticoagulant with HPB group and the discontinuing anticoagulant without HPB group; none occurred in the continuing anticoagulant *** PPB risk was similar between patients taking warfarin and DOAC. Thromboembolism was observed in warfarin users only. The guideline recommendations for HPB should be re-considered.

关键词： High-risk endoscopic procedures Novel oral anticoagulants Endoscopic guideline validation Postprocedure gastrointestinal bleeding

A family history of diabetes is not associated with arterial stiffness in non-diabetic Japanese population

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2013年第4期3卷 177-183页

作者： Hirokazu Uemura sakurako Katsuura-Kamano Miwa Yamaguchi Mariko Nakamoto Mineyoshi Hiyoshi Fusakazu Sawachika Kokichi Arisawa Department of Preventive Medicine Institute of Health Biosciences The University of Tokushima Graduate School Tokushima Japan Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition Institute of Health Biosciences The University of Tokushima Graduate School Tokushima Japan

Prevalent diabetes is at high risk for cardiovascular diseases and has a high familial inheritance. However, little is known whether a non-diabetic subject with a family history of diabetes is at high risk for vascular damage or not. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between a family history of diabetes and arterial stiffness in adult non-diabetic Japanese population. We analyzed eligible 787 non-diabetic subjects (502 men and 285 women) aged 35-69 years who enrolled in the baseline survey of a cohort study in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan and who underwent a brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) measurement. Information on individual life-style characteristics including medical history and treatment for diseases and a first-degree family history of diabetes was obtained through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between a family history of diabetes and ba-PWV. We found no differences in age-and-systolic blood pressure-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted means of ba-PWVs between subjects of both sexes with and without a family history of diabetes. Logistic regression analyses including both sexes also revealed that subjects with a family history of diabetes showed no differences in age-and-systolic blood pressure-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for high ba-PWV compared to those without that trait. Our results suggest that a family history of diabetes itself is not associated with arterial stiffness in adult non-diabetic Japanese population.

关键词： Arterial Stiffness Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Family History of Diabetes Cross-Sectional Study

Obligate aerobic, gram-positive, weak acid-fast, nonmotile bacilli, Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens: Minireview of a rare opportunistic pathogen

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8443-8449页

作者： Daisuke Usuda Risa Tanaka Makoto Suzuki Shintaro Shimozawa Hayabusa Takano Yuta Hotchi Shungo Tokunaga Ippei Osugi Risa Katou sakurako Ito Kentaro Mishima Akihiko Kondo Keiko Mizuno Hiroki Takami Takayuki Komatsu Jiro Oba Tomohisa Nomura Manabu Sugita Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Nerima HospitalNerima-ku 177-8521TokyoJapan Department of Medicine Juntendo UniversityBunkyo-ku 113-8421TokyoJapan

Tsukamurella species are obligate aerobic,gram-positive,weak acid-fast,nonmotile *** are found in various environments,such as soil,water,sludge,and petroleum reservoir wastewater,and belong to the order *** 2016,there was a reclassification of species within the genus Tsukamurella,merging the species Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens(***)and Tsukamurella *** species are clinically considered to be a rare opportunistic pathogen,because most reported cases have been related to bacteremia and intravascular prosthetic devices and *** date,it has been isolated only from human specimens,and has always been associated with clinical disease;human infections are very *** infections have included pneumonia,brain abscesses,catheter-related bloodstream infections,ocular infections,bacteremia,and sepsis presenting with septic pulmonary emboli in patients who are *** date,there is no commercially available test for *** the other hand,sequence-based identification,including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,is an alternative method for identifying clinical isolates that are either slow growers or difficult to identify through biochemical *** golden standards for diagnosis and optimal management still remain to be ***,newer molecular biological techniques can provide accurate identification,and contribute to the appropriate selection of definitive therapy for infections caused by this *** of several antimicrobial agents have been proposed for treatment,though the length of treatment for infections has yet to be determined,and should be individualized according to clinical *** patients often experience severe cases due to infection,and life-threatening *** events associated with dissemination and/or failure of source control have ***

关键词： Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens Gram-positive bacilli Opportunistic infection Sequence-based identification Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry Combination antibiotic therapy

Exophiala dermatitidis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第27期9卷 7963-7972页

作者： Daisuke Usuda Toshihiro Higashikawa Yuta Hotchi Kenki Usami Shintaro Shimozawa Shungo Tokunaga Ippei Osugi Risa Katou sakurako Ito Toshihiko Yoshizawa Suguru Asako Kentaro Mishima Akihiko Kondo Keiko Mizuno Hiroki Takami Takayuki Komatsu Jiro Oba Tomohisa Nomura Manabu Sugita Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Nerima HospitalNerima-ku 177-8521TokyoJapan Department of Geriatric Medicine Kanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal HospitalHimi-shi 935-8531Toyama-kenJapan

Exophiala is a genus comprising several species of opportunistic black yeasts,which belongs to *** is a rare cause of fungal ***,infections are often chronic and recalcitrant,and while the number of cases is steadily increasing in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people,detailed knowledge remains scarce regarding infection mechanisms,virulence factors,specific predisposing factors,risk factors,and host *** most common manifestations of Exophiala infection are skin infections,and the most frequent type of deep infection is pulmonary infection due to *** invasive disease ranges from cutaneous or subcutaneous infection to systemic dissemination to internal *** final identification of the causative organism should be achieved through a combination of several methods,including the newly introduced diagnostic analysis,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry,together with sequencing of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid internal transcribed spacer region of the fungi,and histological and culture *** treatment,because anti-infective agents and natural compounds exhibited poor antibiofilm activity,few treatments have ultimately been found to be effective for specific antifungal therapy,so the optimal antifungal therapy and duration of therapy for these infections remain ***,most forms of disease caused by Exophiala dermatitidis require aggressive combination therapies:Both surgical intervention and aggressive antifungal therapy with novel compounds and azoles are necessary for effective treatment.

关键词： Exophiala dermatitidis Black yeast Immunocompromised host Matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry Ribosomal ribonucleic acid Antifungal drugs

Hemorrhagic shock due to submucosal esophageal hematoma along with mallory-weiss syndrome:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第27期10卷 9911-9920页

作者： Jiro Oba Daisuke Usuda Shiho Tsuge Riki Sakurai Kenji Kawai Shun Matsubara Risa Tanaka Makoto Suzuki Hayabusa Takano Shintaro Shimozawa Yuta Hotchi Kenki Usami Shungo Tokunaga Ippei Osugi Risa Katou sakurako Ito Kentaro Mishima Akihiko Kondo Keiko Mizuno Hiroki Takami Takayuki Komatsu Tomohisa Nomura Manabu Sugita Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Nerima HospitalNerima-ku 177-8521TokyoJapan Faculty of Medicine Juntendo UniversityBunkyo-ku 113-8421TokyoJapan

BACKGROUND Esophageal submucosal hematoma is a rare *** the exact etiology remains uncertain,vessel fragility with external factors is believed to have led to submucosal bleeding and hematoma formation;the vessel was ruptured by a sudden increase in pressure due to nausea,and the hematoma was enlarged by antiplatelet or anticoagulant *** conditions are rare,with a better *** present the first known case of submucosal esophageal hematoma-subsequent hemorrhagic shock due to Mallory-Weiss *** SUMMARY A 73-year-old female underwent endovascular treatment for an unruptured cerebral *** patient received aspirin and clopidogrel before surgery and heparin during surgery,and was well during the *** hours after returning to the ICU,she complained of chest discomfort,vomited 500 m L of fresh blood,and entered hemorrhagic *** submucosal hematoma with Mallory-Weiss syndrome was diagnosed through an endoscopic examination and computed *** addition to a massive fluid and erythrocyte transfusion,we performed a temporary compression for hemostasis with a Sengstaken-Blakemore(S-B)***,she became hemodynamically *** postoperative day 1,we performed an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and confirmed no expansion of the hematoma nor any recurring bleeding;therefore,we removed the S-B tube and clipped the gastric mucosal laceration at the esophagogastric *** started oral intake on postoperative day *** patient made steady progress,and was discharged on postoperative day *** We present the first known case of submucosal esophageal hematoma subsequent hemorrhagic shock due to Mallory-Weiss syndrome.

关键词： Esophageal submucosal hematoma Hemorrhagic shock Mallory-Weiss syndrome Antithrombotic therapy Anticoagulant therapy Case report

High doses of dextromethorphan induced shock and convulsions in a 19-year-old female:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第16期11卷 3870-3876页

作者： Shintaro Shimozawa Daisuke Usuda Toru Sasaki Shiho Tsuge Riki Sakurai Kenji Kawai Shun Matsubara Risa Tanaka Makoto Suzuki Yuta Hotchi Shungo Tokunaga Ippei Osugi Risa Katou sakurako Ito Suguru Asako Kentaro Mishima Akihiko Kondo Keiko Mizuno Hiroki Takami Takayuki Komatsu Jiro Oba Tomohisa Nomura Manabu Sugita Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Juntendo University Nerima HospitalNerima-city 177-8521TokyoJapan Clinical Training Center Juntendo University Nerima HospitalNerima-city 177-8521TokyoJapan Department of Sports Medicine Faculty of MedicineJuntendo UniversityBunkyo-city 113-8421TokyoJapan

BACKGROUND Dextromethorphan is a prevalent antitussive agent that can be easily obtained as an over-the-counter *** has been a growing number of reported cases of toxicity in recent ***,there are numerous instances of mild symptoms,with only a limited number of reports of severe cases necessitating intensive *** presented the case of a female who ingested 111 tablets of dextromethorphan,leading to shock and convulsions and requiring intensive care that ultimately saved her *** SUMMARY A 19-year-old female was admitted to our hospital via ambulance,having overdosed on 111 tablets of dextromethorphan(15 mg)obtained through an online importer in a suicide *** patient had a history of drug abuse and multiple self-inflicted *** the time of admission,she exhibited symptoms of shock and altered ***,upon arrival at the hospital,the patient experienced recurrent generalized clonic convulsions and status epilepticus,necessitating tracheal *** convulsions were determined to have been caused by decreased cerebral perfusion pressure secondary to shock,and noradrenaline was administered as a *** lavage and activated charcoal were also administered after *** systemic management in the intensive care unit,the patient’s condition stabilized,and the need for vasopressors *** patient regained consciousness and was *** patient was subsequently transferred to a psychiatric facility,as suicidal ideation *** We report the first case of shock caused by an overdose of dextromethorphan.

关键词： Dextromethorphan Drug overdose Shock Symptom Treatment Case report

Demonstration of three dopamine molecules bound to <i>α</i>-Synuclein: Implication of oligomerization at the initial stage

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2012年第2期3卷 149-155页

作者： sakurako Shimotakahara Yuuki Shiroyama Takashi Fujimoto Mai Akai Takaya Onoue Hiroko Seki Sayaka Kado Tomoya Machinami Yoichi Shibusawa Kenji Uéda Mitsuru Tashiro Chemical Analysis Center Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Chemistry School of Sciences and Engineering Meisei University Tokyo Japan Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Japan School of Life Science Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science Tokyo Japan School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science Tokyo Japan

α-Synuclein is the major component of the filamentous Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites that define neuropathological features and dementia with Lewy bodies. To investigate the role of dopamine (DA) in α-synuclein fibrillation, the structural propensities to form oligomers at the initial stage fibrillation were studied using size exclusion chromatography and various biophysical techniques. Interactions with DA were observed for wild-type α-synuclein and its mutants, A30P, E46K and A53T, using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results of ESI-MS indicate that an intact α-synuclein, which was not oxidized, had an ability to bind with three molecules of DA at the initial stage. Furthermore, upon binding to DA, α-synuclein oligomerizes to higher molecular weight species. These oligomers are structurally different from amyloid fibrils, as confirmed by thioflavin T and CD analysis.

关键词： α-Synuclein Dopamine Fibrillation Oligomerization Mass Spectrometry