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Sex and stress modulate pupal defense response in tobacco hornworm

Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 592-599页

作者： Sukhman Singh sakshi watts Ishveen Kaur Isabella Rodriguez Jessica Ayala Dariela Rodriguez Elian Martin Rupesh Kariyat Department of Entomology The Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePA 16802USA Department of Biology The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTX 78539USA School of Earth Environmental and Marine Sciences The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTX 78539USA Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

In insects,larval and adult defenses against predators have been well studied.However,pupal(also known as resting stage)defenses have been overlooked and not examined thoroughly.Although some pupa possess antipredator strategies such as hairs,spines,cryptic coloration,and exudation of chemicals,few studies have tested these responses and the factors affecting them.Here,we investigated the behavioral responses in tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta that pupates in soil by introducing an external stimulus using vibrations from an electric toothbrush to mimic predation.We observed that M.sexta made violent wriggling(twitching),followed by pulsating movements in response to the vibrational stimulus.Detailed examination showed that these twitches and pulsating events occurred more frequently and for longer periods of time in male pupa and were dependent on the magnitude of the stress(high and low frequency).However,when we estimated the angular force exerted by pupa using radian and angular momentum of twitches,it was found to be independent of pupal sex.A follow-up experiment on possible cascading effects of stress exposure on eclosion success revealed that low-and high-frequency stress exposure didn’t cause any of the common defects in eclosed adults.Our study clearly demonstrates that the so-called defenseless pupal stage uses a wide range of measurable defense behaviors that can actively defend against predators and should be examined further-linking observed behavior with underlying mechanisms.

关键词： hornworm predation pupal defenses pupal sex twitching

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Laser-induced graphene-coated wearable smart textile electrodes for biopotentials signal monitoring

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2024年第1期18卷 95-111页

作者： C.M.Vidhya Yogita Maithani sakshi Kapoor J.P.Singh Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew Delhi 110016India

This paper describes how to produce a wearable dry electrode at a reasonable cost and how to use it for the monitoring of biopotentials in electrocardiography.Smart textiles in wearable technologies have made a great advancement in the health care management and living standards of humans.Graphene was manufactured using the low-cost single-step process,laser ablation of polyimide,a commercial polymer.Graphene dispersions were made using solvent isopropyl alcohol which has low boiling point,nontoxicity,and environmental friendliness.After successive coating of the graphene dispersion on the cotton fabric to make it conductive,the sheet resistance of the resulting fabric dropped to 3% of its initial value.The laser-induced graphene(LIG)cotton dry electrodes thus manufactured are comparable to Ag/AgCl wet electrodes in terms of the skin-to-electrode impedance,measuring between 78.0 and 7.2 kΩ for the frequency between 40 Hz and 1 kHz.The LIG cotton electrode displayed a signal-to-noise ratio of 20.17 dB.Due to its comfort,simplicity,and good performance over a longer period of time,the textile electrode appears suited for medical applications.

关键词： biopotential electrocardiogram electromyogram flexible electrode textile porous graphene

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Cancer treatment with biosimilar drugs:A review

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第2期3卷 45-62页

作者： Shilpa Malakar Emmanuel Nuah Gontor Moses YDugbaye Kamal Shah sakshi Sinha Priya Sutaoney Nagendra Singh Chauhan Department of Microbiology Kalinga UniversityRaipurChhattisgarhIndia Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA UniversityMathuraUttar PradeshIndia Drug Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan KendraRaipurChhattisgarhIndia

Biosimilars are biological drugs created from living organisms or that contain living components.They share an identical amino-acid sequence and immunogenicity.These drugs are considered to be cost-effective and are utilized in the treatment of cancer and other endocrine disorders.The primary aim of biosimilars is to predict biosimilarity,efficacy,and treatment costs;they are approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)and have no clinical implications.They involve analytical studies to understand the similarities and dissimilarities.A biosimilar manufacturer sets up FDA-approved reference products to evaluate biosimilarity.The contribution of next-generation sequencing is evolving to study the organ tumor and its progression with its impactful therapeutic approach on cancer patients to showcase and target rare mutations.The study shall help to understand the future perspectives of biosimilars for use in gastro-entero-logic diseases,colorectal cancer,and thyroid cancer.They also help target specific organs with essential mutational categories and drug prototypes in clinical practices with blood and liquid biopsy,cell treatment,gene therapy,recombinant therapeutic proteins,and personalized medications.Biosimilar derivatives such as monoclonal antibodies like trastuzumab and rituximab are common drugs used in cancer therapy.Escherichia coli produces more than six antibodies or antibody-derived proteins to treat cancer such as filgrastim,epoetin alfa,and so on.

关键词： biologics biosimilars cancer Escherichia coli monoclonal antibody next-generation sequencing pharmacovigilance

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“A stitch in time”: Intraoperative diaphragmatic injury during laparoscopic nephrectomy - A case of immediate recognition and expert management

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 44-47页

作者： Prakash Gyandev Gondode Sridhar Panaiyadiyan Neha Garg sakshi Duggal Department of Anaesthesiology Pain Medicine and Critical Care All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of Urology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Laparoscopy within the urology field has undergone a noteworthy surge in popularity over the past decade,with particular importance given to renal surgeries such as simple nephrectomy,radical nephrectomy,donor nephrectomy,nephroureterectomy,and partial nephrectomy.1 This shift toward laparoscopic procedures among urologists can be attributed to the many benefits of these procedures,including reduced postoperative pain,shorter hospital stays,and faster recovery times.2 However,as with any evolving surgical technique,laparoscopic procedures in renal surgery bring forth their own set of distinctive challenges and complications.

关键词： nephrectomy faster attributed

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Development of donor specific antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination:What do we know so far?

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2024年第2期12卷 1-4页

作者： Ahmed Daoud Karim Soliman Maria Aurora Posadas Salas sakshi Vaishnav Genta Uehara AhmedAbdelkader Tibor Fulop Michael J Casey Department of Medicine Division of NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC 29425United States Department of Medicine Cairo University Medical SchoolCairo 11211Egypt Department of Medicine Medical ServicesRalph H.Johnson VA Medical CenterCharlestonSC 29425United States Department of Medicine Division of NephrologyMedical ServicesRalph H.Johnson VA Medical CenterCharlestonSC 29425United States

Vaccination against Coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19)was pivotal to limit spread,morbidity and mortality.Our aim is to find out whether vaccines against COVID-19 lead to an immunological response stimulating the production of de novo donor specific antibodies(DSAs)or increase in mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)of pre-existing DSAs in kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).This study involved a detailed literature search through December 2nd,2023 using PubMed as the primary database.The search strategy incorporated a combination of relevant Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords:"COVID-19","SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination","Kidney,Renal Transplant",and"Donor specific antibodies".The results from related studies were collated and analyzed.A total of 6 studies were identified,encompassing 460 KTRs vaccinated against COVID-19.Immunological responses were detected in 8 KTRs of which 5 had increased MFIs,1 had de novo DSA,and 2 were categorized as either having de novo DSA or increased MFI.There were 48 KTRs with pre-existing DSAs prior to vaccination,but one study(Massa et al)did not report whether pre-existing DSAs were associated with post vaccination outcomes.Of the remaining 5 studies,35 KTRs with pre-existing DSAs were identified of which 7 KTRs(20%)developed de novo DSAs or increased MFIs.Overall,no immunological response was detected in 452(98.3%)KTRs.Our study affirms prior reports that COVID-19 vaccination is safe for KTRs,especially if there are no pre-existing DSAs.However,if KTRs have pre-existing DSAs,then an increased immunological risk may be present.These findings need to be taken cautiously as they are based on a limited number of patients so further studies are still needed for confirmation.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination Kidney Renal transplant Donor specific antibodies

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Modeling and targeting an essential metabolic pathway of Plasmodium falciparum in apicoplast using Petri nets

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2022年第1期37卷 91-110页

作者： sakshi Gupta Gajendra Pratap Singh Sunita Kumawat Department of Mathematics Amity School of Applied SciencesAmity University HaryanaGurugramIndia School of Computational and Integrative Sciences and Concurrent Faculty at Special Centre for Systems Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia

Petri net(PN) is one of the promising computational and mathematical formalisms used to represent and study the behavior of complex metabolic networks. The various available analysis techniques of PN could be used to validate and analyze the network in different scenarios. Plasmodium falciparum is one of the threatening parasites which causes malaria, a deadly disease affecting a large number of today’s world population. The development of antimalarial drug resistance is an emerging global threat, highlighting the need to discover novel antimalarial targets. The fatty acid biosynthesis of malarial parasite is one of the essential metabolic pathways required for its growth and is present in apicoplast, a non-photosynthetic plastid. The malarial parasite obtains fatty acids by using type two fatty acid synthase(FAS II) enzyme,which is different from type one enzyme used by human host, making it an ideal drug target.This article proposes and studies the PN model of the parasite’s FAS II pathway to analyze the mechanism of potential drug targets in this pathway. The proposed PN model can serve as a base for further findings in the field of antimalarial drug targets to decrease the malaria mortality rate.

关键词： Petri net malaria Plasmodium falciparum type II fatty acid biosynthesis drug target property analysis

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Rice straw management through biofuel,biochar,mushroom cultivation,and paper production to overcome environmental pollution in North India

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第4期5卷 483-510页

作者： Vikram Kumar Pooja Singh Jyoti Sharma sakshi Saini Priyanka Sharma Asha Sharma Department of Botany Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtakHaryana124001India

Rice is the prominent food grain required by more than half of the world's population to fulfill their nutritional demand.With the continuous growth in the population at the global level,rice production has also been elevated.However,high rice production also creates a new problem in waste management worldwide.Rice straw,generated after rice harvest,possesses meager nutritional value,due to which it is less preferred as fodder and burned in the field.Paddy burning is one of the major causes of air pollution,leading to lung,heart,eye,and skin-related diseases and even premature death.This stubble burning also decreases soil fertility.In this review article,we have discussed the various economic uses of paddy straw which will help to reduce air pollution through the decline in paddy straw burning.Biochar is produced from paddy straw,which can be mixed into the soil to restore fertility and reduce toxic metals'bioavailability.The generation of biofuels such as biobutanol,bioethanol,and biogas from rice straw with their mechanism of synthesis is also discussed in this article.Rice straw can also be utilized in the preparation of solid fuel.Along with this,mushroom cultivation in paddy straw houses is also described.Paddy straw can be used for the pulp and paper industries,which will help to reduce the tree dependence of these industries.Apart from this,a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database on rice straw uses for the last 20 years was done,including a bibliographic keyword analysis to show published documents'trends.This review will give an elaborated overview of the alternative uses of rice straw with a quantitative analysis of air pollution caused by paddy straw burning.This review will also help to improve the current uses of paddy straw for industrial and commercial benefits to make it more economical.

关键词： Rice straw Environment pollution Biochar Biofuels Mushroom cultivation Paper and pulp

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Effects of heterofunctional alkali-metal formate doping on perovskite solar cell performance

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第6期8卷 1165-1171页

作者： sakshi Thakur Sung-Nam Kwon Dilpreet Singh Mann Seok-In Na Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics and LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute-Korea Jeonbuk National University567Baekje-daeroDeokjin-guJeonju-si54896Republic of Korea

Various internal and external defects present in the perovskite film are one of the main factors that causelow efficiency and stability, and in order to realize high-performance perovskite solar cells, it is necessaryto develop a method to effectively suppress them. In this study, a heterofunctional dopants strategy wasattempted to integrate the effect of alkali metal cations (Rbþ and Kþ) and formate anion (HCOO) throughdoping engineering with alkali-metal formates, i.e., rubidium formate (RbHCOO) and potassium formate(KHCOO). Inclusive physical and photoelectric analysis revealed that doping with a small amount ofalkali-metal formate leads to crystal growth and reduction of grain boundaries, and further passivates orinhibits bulk and surface defects. As a result, the photogenerated charge recombination was reduced andthe charge carrier transport was improved, leading to improved PSC performance. RbHCOO-dopedinverted planar PSCs achieved a PCE of up to 20.41% with long-term stability. Our findings provide away for producing high-quality perovskite films with low defect densities that are essential for realizinghigh-performance PSCs.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Heterofunctional dopant Alkali-metal formate Rubidium formate Potassium formate Reduction of the charge trap density

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Assessment of terrace gardens as modifiers of building microclimate

能源与人工环境(英文)

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2022年第1期3卷 105-112页

作者： Chitra Chidambaram Surabhi S.Nath Pranjali Varshney sakshi Kumar School of Architecture and Planning Sharda UniversityKnowledge Park IIIGreater NoidaUttar Pradesh 201310India Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi Okhla Industrial EstatePhase IIINew Delhi 110020India

Hard concrete roofs cause excessive heat gain impacting thermal comfort in buildings.Terrace gardens promoting greening at higher levels of built structures are seen as one of the key mitigating strategies for modifying building microclimate and improving urban health.We have undertaken a research project to quantitatively assess the value of a terrace garden in a residential scale.A garden patch of about 15 m 2 in area,a typical size available in most urban terraces is developed.Surface temperatures are measured over a period of 15 months between July 2018 to January 2020 using four thermocouple sensors,placed within and outside the garden bed,on and below the roof.We compare the thermal performance of the terrace garden across years,seasons,time of the day,presence or absence of garden bed and type and height of vegetation.The surface temperature data was found to correlate well with the ambient air temperature values.The results show that the terrace garden moderates and stabilises the ceiling temperatures and reduces it by about 2-3°C in winter months and 5-7°C in hot summers.The garden also provided nearly 400 g of fresh monthly vegetable harvest per m 2 of garden.Further,the cooling impact of the terrace garden with natural,tall,wild vegetation is higher as compared to planted vegetation.The study demonstrates a sustainable approach to terrace garden design at residential scale through quantified dual benefits of temperature control within buildings and urban farming.

关键词： Green roof Residential terrace garden Building micro-climate Urban vegetation Terrace farming Quantitative assessment

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Obtaining Crisp Priorities for Triangular and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Judgments

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第4期41卷 157-170页

作者： Raman Kumar Goyal Jaskirat Singh Nidhi Kalra Anshu Parashar Gagan Singla sakshi Kaushal Computer Science and Engineering Department Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjabIndia Computer Science and Engineering University Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPanjab UniversityChandigarhIndia

This paper proposes anoptimal fuzzy-based model for obtaining crisp priorities for Fuzzy-AHP comparison matrices.Crisp judgments cannot be given for real-life situations,as most of these include some level of fuzziness and com-plexity.In these situations,judgments are represented by the set of fuzzy numbers.Most of the fuzzy optimization models derive crisp priorities for judgments repre-sented with Triangular Fuzzy Numbers(TFNs)only.They do not work for other types of Triangular Shaped Fuzzy Numbers(TSFNs)and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers(TrFNs).To overcome this problem,a sum of squared error(SSE)based optimization model is proposed.Unlike some other methods,the proposed model derives crisp weights from all of the above-mentioned fuzzy judgments.A fuzzy number is simulated using the Monte Carlo method.A threshold-based constraint is also applied to minimize the deviation from the initial judgments.Genetic Algorithm(GA)is used to solve the optimization model.We have also conducted casestudiesto show the proposed approach’s advantages over the existingmethods.Results show that the proposed model outperforms other models to minimize SSE and deviation from initial judgments.Thus,the proposed model can be applied in various real time scenarios as it can reduce the SSE value upto 29%compared to the existing studies.

关键词： Analytic hierarchy process comparison matrices priority vectors fuzzy judgments triangular fuzzy numbers triangular-shaped fuzzy numbers trapezoidal fuzzy numbers

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