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Development and organisation of gonadal steroidogenesis in bony fishes - A review

Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第3期6卷 223-246页

作者： Swathi Tenugu Akanksha Pranoty sajwan-khatri mamta Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran Department of Animal Biology School of Life SciencesUniversity of HyderabadP.O.Central UniversityHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia

Gonadal steroidogenesis is pivotal to synchronize various reproductive stages including sexual development,growth and maturation.In all vertebrates including teleost,steroidogenesis is triggered by the mobilization of cholesterol by steroidogenic acute regulatory protein from outer to inner mitochondrial membrane.Thereafter,the entire process occurs in endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria wherein various steroidogenic enzyme genes play a crucial role.The onset of steroidogenesis during sexual development in teleost is essentially regulated by differential expression of several transcription as well as steroidogenesis-related factors.More specifically,the role of dmrt,sox9,sox3,other sox forms,ad4bp/sf-1,wt-1,foxl2,ftz-f1,gata4,gsdf,Activator protein-1,fgfs and growth factors and steroidogenic enzymes such as cytochrome P450aromatase(cyp19a1),hydroxysteroid 3β-dehydrogenase(hsd3b),hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase(hsd17b)have been well characterised.Recently,the role of pax2,THO complex(thoc),pentraxin(ptx)and few signalling molecules like wnt4/5 regulating teleostean steroidogenesis has been reported.In females,cyp19a1 appears to be critical as it converts androgens to estrogens during ovarian differentiation which suggests that estradiol-17βis indispensable for the event.Unlike females,males do not depend on testosterone for testicular determination,yet has a major role along with 11-ketotestosterone in testicular development and growth when compared to early testicular differentiation.In males,onset of sex determining or testis-related genes seems most essential.Considering these,the regulation of steroidogenesis is virtually critical at later stages.In view of this,several steroidogenic motifs pertaining to transcriptional regulation have been analysed in teleost,yet far below than the reports on mammals.In this context,the regulatory influence on HHG axis plays a critical role in teleost.Further,multiple gonadotropin-releasing hormones and duality of gonadotropins play a differential role in gonadal function.

关键词： Steroidogenesis Sex determination and differentiation Transcription factors Gametogenesis Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis Teleost

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