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Effects of 7 years of field weathering on biochar recalcitrance and solubility

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Biochar 2019年第3期1卷 237-248页

作者： Elizabeth K.Williams Davey L.Jones Hannah R.Sanders Gabriel V.Benitez Alain f.Plante University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPAUSA Bangor University BangorUK The University of Western Australia PerthAustralia University of Minnesota MinneapolisMNUSA

How weathering affects the physiochemical properties of biochar and its long-term carbon(C)sequestration potential remains *** this study,we measured changes in biochar recalcitrance and solubility after 7 years of weathering in a cultivated *** recalcitrance and biodegradability of weathered and unweathered hardwood biochar mixtures were determined by thermal analysis(differential scanning calorimetry)and evolved gas *** in biochar solubility and the chemical composition of biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon(DOC)were determined by repeated laboratory leaching and UV-Vis *** surface carbon-oxidation state(Cox)of biochar increased by 117.6-158.2%with weather-ing in the field,and there was an average of 0.9-1.2%decrease in biochar C contents per ***,thermal indices of biochar recalcitrance and biodegradability,which suggested intermediate C sequestration potential,were not significantly different between weathered and unweathered *** O:C ratio increased with weathering suggesting an increase in biodegradability,however,both weathered and unweathered biochars were still estimated to have half-lives of over 1000 ***-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)concentrations from the unweathered biochar rapidly decreased during laboratory leaching to levels similar to the field-weathered biochars,and aromaticity(SUVA_(254))of WSOC increased from 5.9%in the unweathered biochar to 42%aromaticity in the biochars weathered for 7 *** conclude that during short-term(years)weathering under field conditions,there is continued solubilization of increasingly aromatic biochar-C compounds,however,this accounts for a relatively small proportion of biochar C such that there is little-to-no change in biochar stability or C sequestration potential after field application.

关键词： Biochar Pyrogenic organic matter Thermal analysis Carbon sequestration Dissolved pyrogenic organic matter

Artificial intelligence for hepatitis evaluation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第34期27卷 5715-5726页

作者： Wei Liu Xue Liu Mei Peng Gong-Quan Chen Peng-Hua Liu Xin-Wu Cui fan Jiang Christoph f Dietrich Department of Medical Ultrasound The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Medical Ultrasound Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu UniversityEnshi 445000Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Medical Ultrasound The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang UniversityShaoyang 422000Hunan ProvinceChina Sino-German Tongji-Caritas Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine Department of Medical UltrasoundTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030Hubei ProvinceChina Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin Kliniken Hirslanden Beau SiteSalem und PermanenceBern 3626Switzerland

Recently,increasing attention has been paid to the application of artificial intelligence(AI)to the diagnosis of diverse hepatic diseases,which comprises traditional machine learning and deep *** studies have shown the possible value of AI based data mining in predicting the incidence of hepatitis,classifying the different stages of hepatitis,diagnosing or screening for hepatitis,forecasting the progression of hepatitis,and predicting response to antiviral drugs in chronic hepatitis C *** importantly,AI based on radiology has been proven to be useful in predicting hepatitis and liver fibrosis as well as grading hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and differentiating it from benign liver *** can predict the risk of vascular invasion of HCC,the risk of hepatic encephalopathy secondary to hepatitis B related cirrhosis,and the risk of liver failure after hepatectomy in HCC *** this review,we summarize the application of AI in hepatitis,and identify the challenges and future perspectives.

关键词： Machine learning Deep learning Radiomics Hepatitis fibrosis Hepatocellular carcinoma

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莱茵地堑之南始新世到现今应力场型式的演化

地震地质译丛

地震地质译丛 1989年第2期 44-50页

作者： J.M.Larrogue PH.laurent 张文国刘仲(亻昷)

在欧洲,虽然莱茵地堑是渐新世最薄的伸展构造,而它的形成仍是一个讨论的课题。事实上,裂谷的南缘是在拉张和挤压构造的基础上形成的。挤压构造以走滑运动为代表,它影响到夹在古生代 Vosges 和渐新世之间的地堑充填物一中生代地层。挤压... 详细信息

在欧洲,虽然莱茵地堑是渐新世最薄的伸展构造,而它的形成仍是一个讨论的课题。事实上,裂谷的南缘是在拉张和挤压构造的基础上形成的。挤压构造以走滑运动为代表,它影响到夹在古生代 Vosges 和渐新世之间的地堑充填物一中生代地层。挤压事件的年代未知,研究者们陆续提出的认识是:（a）与地堑破坏同时代,（b）在地堑破坏之前,或（c）在地堑破坏后形成。在这篇文章中,通过经典的微构造数据证实:（a）σ1-σ3面水平的第一次挤压事件出现在渐新世伸展之前,（b）紧接渐新世拉张之后的第二次挤压事件相当于中

关键词：地堑拉张应力场断层槽双晶面渐新世第三纪微断层始新世老第三纪

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一种的短距离W波段跟踪雷达

电子科技大学学报 1991年第A1期20卷 115-124页

作者： Calta.,f 王意青

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世界经济体系中的中国

世界社会科学 1992年第3期 61-67页

作者： D.f.西蒙 ,戴涛

80年代初以来,世界经济发生了显著变化。造成这一变化的因素包括持续高速发展的技术,更加开放的贸易、投资政策,政治上的一系列戏剧性变化,以及资金、技术等方面国际交流的扩大。新的技术和管理方法使生产的性质和方法也发生了变化。快... 详细信息

80年代初以来,世界经济发生了显著变化。造成这一变化的因素包括持续高速发展的技术,更加开放的贸易、投资政策,政治上的一系列戏剧性变化,以及资金、技术等方面国际交流的扩大。新的技术和管理方法使生产的性质和方法也发生了变化。快速反应能力与灵活性成了国际贸易中取胜的决

关键词：经济南朝鲜区域性出口中华人民共和国全球化

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十种土壤有效磷测定方法的比较

土壤学报 2003年第1期40卷 140-146页

作者：卜玉山 Magdoff f R 山西农业大学资源与环境科学系山西太谷030801 佛蒙特大学植物与土壤科学系伯灵顿佛蒙特05405

Olsen~[1]、Bray-Kurtzl~[2]、Mehlich3~[3]、Morgan~[4]、Vermont1~[5]和Vermont2~[5]等法是用于确定土壤有效磷含量的主要常规方法。根据土壤有效磷测定结果可为农户提供施肥建议以及预测施用磷肥或家畜粪肥后的经济效益等~[6]。由于... 详细信息

Olsen~[1]、Bray-Kurtzl~[2]、Mehlich3~[3]、Morgan~[4]、Vermont1~[5]和Vermont2~[5]等法是用于确定土壤有效磷含量的主要常规方法。根据土壤有效磷测定结果可为农户提供施肥建议以及预测施用磷肥或家畜粪肥后的经济效益等~[6]。由于这些常规方法的广泛使用，且有大量的数据资料可供利用和参考，因而许多研究者对这些方法在环境方面的应用进行了大量的研究，表明这些方法的土壤磷测定值与土壤中或地表皮及掺径流中的溶解性磷或藻类植物有效磷含量之间通常有着良好的正相关~[7-12]。蒸馏水提取法也被用于这方面的研究~[10]，但用水提取往往得不到清澈的提取液，因而也有人用稀盐溶解，如0.01molL~-1 CaCl-2溶液代替蒸馏水。氧化铁浸透的滤纸条法（以下简称滤纸条法）~[13]和0.1mol L~-1 NaOH提取法~[4]是二十世纪八十年代出现的两种土壤有效磷测定方法。许多研究结果表明滤纸条测定的土壤或径流中的磷含量与植物从土壤中吸收磷的数量、径流中溶解性磷或有效磷数量以及藻类生长有着极高的相关性~[10，15，16]，Sharpley等1991年的研究表明用宽的液土比（500：1），从土壤中提取出的磷量与土壤悬液中培养的几种藻类的生长量有着密切的相关性~[17]。

关键词：土壤有效磷测定方法比较无机形态磷

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穿越中国的蛮荒之地

云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 1991年第4期12卷 40-46页

作者：约瑟夫 f.洛克李潮美

本世纪二十年代，美国地理学会派遣了一些专家到中国西南部进行考察。著名学者洛克就是其中之一。据手头现有的资料，洛克在中国西南部的考察获得了重要的成果，十分成功，在考察途中，他记载了沿途还不为世人所知的风俗民情和历史地，... 详细信息

本世纪二十年代，美国地理学会派遣了一些专家到中国西南部进行考察。著名学者洛克就是其中之一。据手头现有的资料，洛克在中国西南部的考察获得了重要的成果，十分成功，在考察途中，他记载了沿途还不为世人所知的风俗民情和历史地，折摄了许多珍贵的照片，为我们今天了解当时中国西南部的人文地理提供了极其宝贵的第一手材料。归国后，洛克把自己的考察所得摘要发表在著名刊物《全国地理杂志》（The National Geographic）上。目前就我们知道的有三篇，它们是：《中国云南省腹地土著民族纳西人举行的驱病鬼经仪式》（全国地理杂志第46卷，1924），《黄嘛之地：全国地理学业会探险家访问中国云南省丽江雪山之外的异域木黑》（全国地理杂志第46卷，1924），最后就是我们现在所译出的这一篇——《穿越中国的之地》（全国地理杂志第58卷，1930）这几篇文章刊载后反响较大，人类文明之笔从未涉及的世界一隅就这样丰富多彩地避孕药现在世人面前，限于条件，我们目前尚无法得知洛克在《全国地理杂志》上还发表了哪些文章，即以我们手头现有的这篇文章而论，来之亦为不易。它是由与我馆有交流合作项目的美国弗吉尼亚大学图书馆东亚部主仟龙宗敏女士专门为我们复印后从美国寄来的。由于资料来之不易。

关键词：越中中国西南部洛克中国云南省美国地理学会目的美弗吉尼亚大学江雪土著民族风俗民情

Silica and Iron Recovery from a Residue of Iron Ore flotation

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2017年第4期5卷 153-160页

作者： P. f. f. Martins C. A. Morais f. S. Lameiras R. O. Albuquerque Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear Belo Horizonte Brazil

A study of silica and iron recovery from the iron ore concentration tailing is presented. The residue is composed of 40.1% fe, 33.4% SiO2, 8.31% Al2O3, 0.08% P, and 0.34% MnO. The developed process of silica and iron recovery consisted of size classification, magnetic separation, and removal of impurities by leaching. A concentration of SiO2 from 33.4% to 67.0%, with 60.0% of mass reduction, was achieved by size classification. After magnetic separation, the SiO2 grade increased from 67.0% to 95.0%, in non-magnegtic fraction and iron increased from 40.1% to 60.2% in magnetic fraction. The iron content in magnetic fraction achieved the commercial grade. In order to increase the content of silica, the impurities removal from the non-magnetic fraction was studied. The leaching agents investigated were HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, Hf, C6H8O7, (COOH)2.2H2O and NaOH. A concentration of 98.0% SiO2 was attained with the acid digestion.

关键词： Industrial Residue Processing Iron Recovery Silica Recovery

Biomolecular characterization, identification, enzyme activities of molds and physiological changes in sweet potatoes(Ipomea batatas) stored under controlled atmospheric conditions

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2016年第4期17卷 317-332页

作者： C.O.OLADOYE I.f.CONNERTON R.M.O.KAYODE P.f.OMOJASOLA I.B.KAYODE Division of food Sciences School of Biosciences the University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Division of food Preservation Microbial Biotechnology and Toxicology Department of Home Economics and Food ScienceUniversity of Ilorin Department of Microbiology Faculty of Life Sciences University of Ilorin

Microbial attacks during storage are one of the primary causes of product deterioration, and can limit the process of prolonging the shelf-life of harvested food. In this study, sweet potatoes were stored at temperatures of 13, 21, and 29 ℃ for 4 weeks. Samples were collected during storage and plated on potato dextrose agar, from which axenic mold cultures were obtained and identified using 26S rRNA gene sequences. Physiological changes of potato tubers were assessed with respect to pathogenicity, enzyme activity, and atmospheric storage conditions. Six fungal species were identified, namely Penicillium chrysogenum （P. rubens）, P. brevicompactum, Mucor circinelloides, C/adosporium cladosporiodes, P. expansum, and P. crustosum. The following fungal isolates, namely P. expansum, P. brevicompactum, and Rhizopus oryzae, were recovered from the re-infected samples and selected according to their levels of enzyme activity. This study revealed high levels of activity for cellulase and pectinase, which were most notable during the initial three days of testing, and were followed by a steady decrease （P〈0.05）. Polygalacturonase activity was prominent with values ranging from 12.64 to 56.79 U/mg （P. expansum） and 18.36 to 79.01 U/mg （P. brevicompactum）. Spoilage was obvious in the control group, which had a 100% decay at the end of the experimental period compared with samples treated with iprodione and sodium hypochlorite, in which the decay rates were 5% and 55%, respectively. The data for the iprodione- and sodium hypochlorite-treated samples at the end of the 3-month storage period showed that they were significantly different （P=0.041）, with the sodium hypochlorite-treated samples producing twice the rate of infection compared to the iprodione-treated samples. The comparative rate of the pro- gression of decay in the treated samples can be expressed as iprodione〈sodium hypochlorite〈control. This study demonstrates that sweet potato tissue damage is due to the activities

关键词： Controlled atmosphere Enzyme activity Molds characterization Potato spoilage Sodium hypochlorite Iprodione