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Study of the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Rain.all in.the n.rthern.Region.of Sen.gal

Journ.l of Geoscien.e an. En.iron.en. Protection 2023年第4期11卷 1-14页

作者： Aichétou Dia diop Abdoul Karim Mbodji El Hadji Deme Malick Wade Mahamat Adoum Moussa Abdoulaye Bouya diop Youn.usse Biaye Djiby Sarr Abdou Karim Farota Aboubakary Diakhaby Bouya diop Laboratoire des Scien.es de l’Atmosphère et des Océan. Matériaux En.rgies Dispositifs UGB Saint Louis Senegal Laboratoire D’études et de Recherches en.Statistiques et Développemen. University Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint Louis Senegal Ecole n.tion.le Supérieure des TIC N’Djamena Tchad

Sen.gal is a coun.ry of the Sahel. In.this region. most of the population. live from agro-pastoral activities. The n.rthern.zon. of Sen.gal is stron.ly in.luen.ed by river cultures. An. the dyn.mics of the Sen.gal River are depen.en. on.rain.all. The rain.all in.the area is very closely lin.ed to the dyn.mics of the atmosphere. The study of the spatio-temporal variability of rain.all in.the n.rthern.region.of Sen.gal requires quality rain.all observation.data. It in.ludes the Ferlo an. the Sen.gal River valley, in.particular the region. of Louga (departmen. of Lin.uère in.luded), Sain.-Louis (departmen.s of Dagan. an. Podor in.luded) an. Matam. These station. have been.defin.d sin.e Le Borgn. (1988). The difficulty of havin. quality rain.observation.data can.be resolved by usin. more accessible an. good quality satellite data. Usin. satellite data, n.mely MSWEP, CRU, TAMSAT, ARC an. PERSIAn., we showed the return.of precipitation.that appeared in.2000 an. the un.modal cycle of precipitation.in.our study area. These data were validated usin. the correlation.coefficien., the bias, the RMSE an. the n.sh in.ex with observation.data from the Region.l Study Cen.er for the Improvemen. of Adaptation.to Drought (CERASS). The CRU data is then.retain.d. Thus, this study made it possible to show the zon.l distribution.of rain.all in.the n.rthern.zon. of Sen.gal.

关键词： Rain.all in.the n.rthern.Region.of Sen.gal Variability of Rain.all Satellite Data The Zon.l Distribution.of Rain.all

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Lin.ar an. n.n.in.ar Stokes Waves Theory: n.merical Hydrodyn.mic an. En.rgy Studies

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Open.Journ.l of Fluid Dyn.mics 2023年第1期13卷 61-79页

作者： Alpha Malick n.iaye Fadel diop Samba Dia Cheikh Mbow Laboratoire de Mécan.que des Fluides et Tran.ferts Département de Physique Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Sénégal

The in.rease of wave en.rgy in.electricity production.is an.objective shared by man. coun.ries to meet growin. deman. an. global warmin.. To an.lyze devices capable of con.ertin. the en.rgy of sea waves in.o electrical en.rgy, it is importan. to master the various theories of gravity waves an. gen.ration. We will in.our work con.ider a n.merical waves tan. for an.amplitude A=0.5, a wavelen.th λ=0.25 , an.average height He=10 an. a Froude n.mber fixed at 1 × 105. n.merical wave chan.el an.lysis is used to reproduce the n.tural phen.men.n.of wave propagation.in.an.experimen.al model. Wave makers are usually used to gen.rate waves in.the chan.el. In.theory, the in.luen.e of an.in.iden. wave can.be con.idered, as in.the case of our study. In.this study, the evolution.of the hydrodyn.mic parameters an. the en.rgy tran.ported in.on. wavelen.th can.be determin.d by calculation. A chan.e of variable will be don. in.this work to facilitate the writin. of the boun.ary con.ition. at the free surface an. at the bottom. The n.n.in.ar Stokes theory will be studied in.this case in.order to provide hydrodyn.mic solution. through the n.vier-Stokes equation. to fin.lly deduce the en.rgetic results. To do this, the fin.te differen.e method will be used for the hydrodyn.mic results such as the velocity poten.ial an. the free surface elevation.an. the trapezium method of n.wton.for the en.rgetic results. Thus, we will determin. the en.rgetic poten.ial accordin. to the decrease in.the slope of the tan.. To do this, we will take as values of beta represen.in. the in.erse of the slope of the tan., β=100, β=105, β=110 an. β=105. .

关键词： Waves Tan. En.rgy Waves Gravity Waves n.vier-Stokes n.merical n.n.in.ar Stokes Theory

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Assessmen. of Poultry Feed Con.amin.tion.Level by Aflatoxin.B1: Quan.ification.by Two Chromatographic An.lysis Methods

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Food an. n.trition.Scien.es 2022年第11期13卷 950-961页

作者： Rokhaya Gueye Vivian. Chatchuen. San.efo Babacar Beye Elhadji Ousman. Faye Amadou diop Serign. Omar Sarr Bara n.iaye Yérim Mbagn.ck diop Laboratoire de Chimie An.lytique et Bromatologie Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d’Odontologie-Stomatologie Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire de Mycotoxin.s Institut de Technologie Alimentaire Route des Pères Maristes Dakar Sénégal

Aflatoxin.B1 is a mycotoxin.that can.con.amin.te a wide feedstuffs variety. In.estion.of con.amin.ted feed by poultry can.lead to impaired health an. zootechn.cal performan.es but also a human.diet safety problem related to residues presen.e in.an.mal origin.products. Aflatoxin.B1 con.amin.tion.of poultry feed samples marketed in.Dakar city an. in.peri-urban.areas (Gorom, San.alkam) was studied. A total of 15 samples were collected from Dakar city markets as well as from poultry farms in.Gorom an. San.alkam areas. Aflatoxin.B1 quan.ification.was performed by high performan.e liquid chromatography an. thin.layer chromatography. HPLC results showed that all samples were con.amin.ted with levels ran.in. from 0.15 to 22 ppb, 0.099 to 2.05 ppb an. 0.099 to 4.95 ppb respectively for Gorom, San.alkam an. Dakar. On.y the fin.shin. feed from Gorom had an.aflatoxin.B1 level above the maximum limit set by regulation.. TLC is a suitable method for aflatoxin. detection. However, it was associated with overestimation.for aflatoxin.B1 quan.ification. Results suggest that poultry feed represen.s a real source of human.diet con.amin.tion. In.addition. HPLC remain. the most reliable quan.ification.techn.que for quality con.rol.

关键词： Poultry Feed Aflatoxin High Performan.e Liquid Chromatography Thin.Layer Chromatography Dakar

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Diagn.sis Study of the Louga-Ouarack-n.oyen. R31 Region.l Road (Sen.gal)

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Geomaterials 2015年第1期5卷 34-44页

作者： Seybatou diop Meissa Fall Adama Dion. Moshood n. Tijan. In.titut des Scien.es de la Terre Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire de Mécan.que et Modélisation UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université of Thiès Thiès Sénégal Departmen. of Geology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

The degree of structural damage of the Louga-Ouarack-n.oyen. R31 region.l road was surveyed usin. Lacroix deflectographe an. geotechn.cal testin., in.order to recommen. possible rehabilitation.measures aimed at main.ain.n. the high level of service over the projected life span.of the road. The data processin. an. in.erpretation.were essen.ially based on.the Fren.h stan.ards an. specification., through which syn.hetic variables were gen.rated with a qualitative sign.fican.e?an. on.the basis of which the exten. of repairs an. rehabilitation.works to be un.ertaken.were suggested. The decision.grid thus produced, revealed road structure quality in.ices of mostly Q3, Q4, an. Q5 types for a segmen. len.th of 36.954 km (equivalen. to some 69.44% of the total road section., which justifies some major rein.orcemen. works. The remain.n. part of the road section.(n.arly?30.56% with road quality in.ices ≤ Q2) is still in.acceptable con.ition. requirin. on.y some?min.r main.en.n.e works. The rehabilitation.costs were estimated to be of the order of?5,352,000,000 (five billion.three hun.red fifty-two million. CFA fran.s, based on.local market price con.ition..

关键词： Sen.gal Road Diagn.sis Lacroix Deflectograph Deflection Rein.orcemen. Main.en.n.e

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Tren. an. Return.Level An.lysis of Extreme Rain.alls in.Sen.gal

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Journ.l of Water Resource an. Protection 2022年第3期14卷 221-237页

作者： Mamadou Sarr Mahamat Adoum Moussa El Hadji Deme Bouya diop Laboratoire des Scien.es de l’Atmosphère et des Océan. Matériaux-En.rgies-Dispositifs (LSAOMED) Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sénégal Ecole n.tion.le Supérieur des TIC (En.STIC) N’Djamena Tchad Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches en.Statistique et Développemen. (LERSTAD) Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sénégal

In.recen. years, Sen.gal has been.con.ron.ed with in.reasin.ly frequen. an. damagin. extreme even.s. In.the con.ext of climate chan.e, we con.ucted this study to characterize the tren.s of rain.all extremes in.Sen.gal. In.this work, we used daily rain.all data from 27 station. in.Sen.gal from the period 1951 to 2005 (55 years). To study their lin.ar tren.s, n.n.station.ry extreme value models with time as a covariate are fitted to evaluate them. Our results in.icate a decreasin. tren. of extreme rain.alls at most of the station. except for 5 station.. However, the decreasin. tren.s are on.y sign.fican. for two station. (Thiès an. Kidira), however, this can.on.y be taken.as in.ormation.that climate chan.e may have already impacted extreme rain.alls. For the 20-year an. 30-year return.periods, the results show that they have un.ergon. chan.es, in.fact for almost all station., the tren.s in.return.periods are decreasin..

关键词： Climate Chan.e Extreme Rain.all Rain.Tren. Return.Level Sen.gal

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Con.ribution.of Satellite Observation. in.the Optical an. Microphysical Characterization.of Aerosols in.Burkin. Faso, West Africa

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Atmospheric an. Climate Scien.es 2024年第1期14卷 154-171页

作者： n.bon.Bado Serge Dimitri Bazyomo Germain.Wen.e Pouiré Ouedraogo Brun. Korgo Mamadou Simin. Dramé Floren. P. Kien. Sié Kam Laboratoire d’En.rgies Thermiques Ren.uvelables (L.E.T.RE) Université Joseph KI ZERBO Ouaga Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan.Siméon.Fon.an. Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar-Fann Sénégal In.titute of Mathematics an. Physical Scien.es University of Abomey-Calavi Porto-Novo Benin

In.this work, we proceed to an.optical an. microphysical an.lysis of the observation. reversed by the MODIS, SeaWiFS, MISR an. OMI sen.ors with the aim of proposin. the best-adapted airborn. sen.or for better mon.torin. of aerosols in.Burkin. Faso. To this en., a comparison.of AOD between.satellite observation. an. in.situ measuremen.s at the Ouagadougou site reveals an.un.erestimation.of AEROn.T AOD except for OMI which overestimates them. Also, an.in.er-comparison.don. based on.the lin.ar regression.lin. represen.ation.shows the correlation.between.the aerosol models in.orporated in.the airborn. sen.or in.ersion.algorithms an. the aerosol population.probed. This can.be seen.through the correlation.coefficien.s R which are 0.84, 0.64, 0.55 an. 0.054 for MODIS, SeaWiFS, MISR an. OMI respectively. Furthermore, an.optical an.lysis of aerosols in.Burkin. Faso by the MODIS sen.or from 2001 to 2016 in.icates a large spatial an. temporal variability of particles stron.ly domin.ted by desert dust. This is corroborated by the an.ual an. season.l cycles of the AOD at 550 n. an. the An.ström coefficien. measured in.the spectral ran.e between.412 n. an. 470 n.. A zoom on.a few sites chosen.accordin. to the three climatic zon.s con.irms the majority presen.e of min.ral aerosols in.Burkin. Faso, whose maxima are observed in.sprin. an. summer.

关键词： AEROn.T Airborn. Sen.ors Aerosol Optical an. Microphysical Properties

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Associated Factors with Vaccin.tion.amon. Girls Aged between.(11) an. (13) again.t Papillomaviruses in.Koumpen.oum Health District (Sen.gal)

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World Journ.l of Vaccin.s 2022年第2期12卷 20-31页

作者： El Hadji Cheikh Abdoulaye diop Abdoul Aziz n.iaye Martial Coly Bop District San.taire de Koumpen.oum Ministère de la Santé et l’Action Sociale Koumpentoum Sénégal Un.té de Formation.et de Recherche en.San.é et Développemen. Durable Université Alioune DIOP de Bambey Bambey Sénégal

In.roduction. Cervical can.er can.be preven.ed by early vaccin.tion.of youn. people again.t papillomaviruses an. screen.n. for precan.erous lesion.. After a successful pilot phase, vaccin.tion.coverage in.the gen.ralization.phase is low. The aim of this study was to determin. papillomavirus vaccin.tion.coverage an. to iden.ify associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-section.l, descriptive an. an.lytical study con.ucted from (1st) to (31th) September (2020) in.Koumpen.oum district. After a literature review, we con.ucted two-stage cluster samplin. an. direct structured in.erviews. Socio-demographic characteristics, kn.wledge, attitudes, an. practices of mothers or guardian. about papillomaviruses vaccin.tion.were collected usin. a stan.ardized question.aire. Multiple logistic regression.was used to estimate odds ratios. Results: A total of (228) mothers or guardian. were in.erviewed. Coverage for the first dose was (44.74%) CI95% (38.17 - 51.44) compared to (25.88%) CI95% (19.52 - 31.17) for the secon. dose. Factors statistically an. sign.fican.ly associated with coverage of the first dose of papillomaviruses vaccin. were in.truction.of mothers or guardian. (OR = 5.62 (3.16 - 9.99);p 0.001), schoolin. of the youn. girls (OR = 4.1 (2.23 - 7.53);p 0.001), in.ormation.on.cervical can.er (OR = 18.97 (5.68 - 63.24);p 0.001), kn.wledge of risks factors (OR = 8.04 (4.41 - 14.63);p 0.001), in.ormation.on.papillomaviruses vaccin. (ORa = 10.26 (1.69 - 62.23);p = 0.011), kn.wledge on.vaccin. target (OR = 17.11 (8.51 - 34.41);p 0.001), kn.wledge of schedule vaccin. (ORa = 3.67 (1.2 - 22.51);p = 0.022), kn.wledge of preven.ion.methods (OR = 26.86 (12.22 - 59.05);p 0.001), an. to be favorable in.expan.ed vaccin.tion.program in.gen.ral (ORa = 18.71 (1.5 - 128.41];p = 0.02). Con.lusion. Vaccin.tion.of youn. girls again.t papillomaviruses in.Koumpen.oum health district could be improved by comprehen.ive in.erperson.l commun.cation.wit

关键词： Vaccin.tion Girls Papillomavirus Koumpen.oum Sen.gal

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Practice of Screen.n. for Precan.erous Cervical Lesion. in.Koumpen.oum Health District (Sen.gal)

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Advan.es in.Reproductive Scien.es 2022年第4期10卷 115-125页

作者： El Hadji Cheikh Abdoulaye diop Abdoul Aziz n.iaye Martial Coly Bop District San.taire de Koumpen.oum Ministére de la Santé et l’Action Sociale Koumpentoum Sénégal Un.té de Formation.et de Recherche en.San.é et Développemen. Durable Université Alioune DIOP de Bambey Bambey Sénégal

In.roduction. Cervical can.er is preven.able through vaccin.tion.again.t papillomaviruses an. screen.n. for precan.erous lesion.. The objective of this study was to determin. the frequen.y of screen.n. practice an. to iden.ify associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-section.l descriptive an. an.lytical study. Data were collected from in.ividual in.erviews durin. household surveys. Data collection.took place from (1st) to (30th) September (2021). The followin. were explored: socio-demographic characteristics, kn.wledge, attitudes an. practices of women.regardin. screen.n.. Results: A total of (294) women.aged between.(18) an. (69) years were in.luded. The mean.age was (35.79) years (±9.81). The median.age was (34) years. The frequen.y of screen.n. was (16%);that of precan.erous lesion. was (4.26%). Factors statistically an. sign.fican.ly associated with screen.n. uptake were cervical can.er in.ormation.(OR = 5.42 (1.27 - 23.16);p = 0.003), kn.wledge of the availability of screen.n. (ORa = 7.73 (3.01 - 18.51);p - 7.31);p = 0.014). Con.lusion. Frequen.y of pre-can.erous lesion. of cervical can.er is high in.Koumpen.oum health district (4.26%), while the practice of screen.n. is low there (16%). The factors associated with this low performan.e are related to a lack of adequate kn.wledge of women.about cervical can.er.

关键词： Screen.n. Precan.erous Lesion. Cervix Koumpen.oum Sen.gal

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How Does Heat-Stress In.en.ity Affect the Stability of Microbial Activity an. Diversity of Soil Microbial Commun.ties in.Outfields an. Homefields’ Cultivation.Practices in.the Sen.galese Groun.n.t Basin.

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Open.Journ.l of Soil Scien.e 2023年第2期13卷 97-123页

作者： Paul n.iaga Ciss Laure Tall saidou n.urou Sall Mariama Dalan.a Diallo Paula Fern.n.es Tidian. Dieye Medoun. Mben.ue Espoir Gaglo Komi Assigbetse LABAAM UFR S2ATA Université Gaston Berger Saint Louis Sénégal ISRA (In.titut Sén.galais de Recherche Agricole) LNRPV Dakar Sénégal IPAR (In.tiative Prospective Agricole et Rurale) Dakar Sénégal LMI IESOL Centre ISRA-IRD-UCAD Dakar Sénégal CIRAD UPR Hortsys Centre ISRA-IRD-UCAD Dakar Sénégal Eco & Sols Université de Montpellier IRD CIRAD INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France Hortsys CIRAD Univ Montpellier Montpellier France

Agroecosystems in.the Sen.galese groun.n.t basin.experien.e lon. periods of high temperatures an. drought, which disrupt the stability of soil microbial commun.ties. This study evaluated how that stability is affected by homefields an. outfields’ agricultural practices an. the duration.of heat stress. Specifically, we collected soils from organ.cally farmed fields that receive con.in.al high in.uts of man.re (homefields), an. from fields that are rarely man.red (outfields). Soil samples were submitted to artificial heat stress at 60°C for 3, 14, an. 28 days, followed by 28 days of recovery at 28°C. We examin.d the fun.tion.l stability of microbial commun.ties by quan.ifyin. C min.ralization. an. characterized the stability of the commun.ties’ taxon.mic composition. via high-throughput Dn. sequen.in.. We foun. that the microbial commun.ties have a low resistan.e to heat stress in.soils from both types of fields. However, the man.rin. practice does affect how the fun.tion.l stability of microbial commun.ties respon.s to differen. duration. of heat stress. Although fun.tion.l stability was n.t recovered fully in.either soil, microbial commun.ty resilien.e seemed to be greater in.homefield soils. Differen.es in.man.rin. practices also affected the structural taxon.mic stability of microbial commun.ties: relative abun.an.es of Bacilli, Chloroflexia, Actin.bacteria an. Sordariomycetes in.reased in.the homefield stressed-soils, but decreased sign.fican.ly in.outfield soils. In.con.rast, relative abun.an.es of α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria an. Eurotiomycetes in.reased sign.fican.ly in.outfield stressed-soils, while decreasin. sign.fican.ly in.the homefield soils. Relative abun.an.es of Bacilli chan.ed little in.outfield soils, in.icatin. that this taxon.is resistan. to heat stress. In.summary, the microbial commun.ties’ capacities to resist heat stress an. recover from it depen. upon.the organ.c richn.ss of the soil (i.e., man.rin. practice) an. the adaptation.of soil

关键词： Groun.n.t Basin.Sen.gal Agricultural Practice Heat Stress Microbial Stability Microbial Diversity

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The dual role of n.crostatin.1 in.Parkin.on.s disease models

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n.ural Regen.ration.Research 2021年第10期16卷 2019-2020页

作者： Eva Alegre-Cortes Guadalupe Martin.z-Chacon.Jose M.Fuen.es Sokhn. M.S.Yakhin.-diop Un.versidad de Extremadura Depto.Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular y GeneticaFacultad de Enfermeria y Terapia OcupacionalAvda de la Universidad s/nCaceresSpain Cen.ro de In.estigación.Biomédica en.Red de En.ermedades n.urodegen.rativas(CIBERn.D)Madrid Spain In.tituto Un.versitario de In.estigacion.Biosan.taria de Extremadura(In.BE) CaceresSpain

n.uron.l cell death is the main.hallmark of Parkin.on.s disease(PD).It is an.irreversible process promoted by n.urotoxin. an./or gen.tic *** types of cell death have been.associated with *** mechan.sms by which n.uron. decide to specific type of cell death remain.***,it is well kn.wn.that cell death can.be either programmed or *** is a programmed cell death that in.olves the release of cytochrome c from damaged mitochon.ria to cytosol an. the activation.of caspases leadin. to n.clear *** is a caspase-in.epen.en. cell death characterized by a gain.in.cell volume,rupture of plasma membran. an. leak of cell con.en.s,in.lammation.an. affects n.ighbourin. *** was classified as a n.n.rogrammed cell death,but there are types of n.crotic death triggered by a protein.activation.cascade,in.ludin. n.croptosis.

关键词： in.lammation n.crosis rupture

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