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Insights on advanced substrates for controllable fabrication of photoanodes toward efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 164-221页

作者： Huilin Hou Gang Shao Yang Wang wai‐Yeung wong Weiyou Yang Institute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices Ningbo University of TechnologyNingboChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Conversion of solar energy into H_(2) by photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is recognized as an ideal way to address the growing energy crisis and environmental *** a typical PEC cell,the construction of photoanodes is crucial to guarantee the high efficiency and stability of PEC reactions,which fundamentally rely on rationally designed semiconductors(as the active materials)and substrates(as the current collectors).In this review work,we start with a brief introduction of the roles of substrates in the PEC ***,we provide a systematic overview of representative strategies for the controlled fabrication of photoanodes on rationally designed substrates,including conductive glass,metal,sapphire,silicon,silicon carbide,and flexible ***,some prospects concerning the challenges and research directions in this area are proposed.

关键词： hydrogen photoanode photoelectrochemical substrates water splitting

MXenes and heterostructures-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction:Recent developments and future outlook

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 176-206页

作者： Abdul Hanan Hafiz Taimoor Ahmed Awan Faiza Bibi Raja Rafidah Raja Sulaiman wai Yin wong Rashmi Walvekar Seema Singh Mohammad Khalid Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology(SCEEST) School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo.5 Jalan UniversitiBandar Sunway47500 Petaling JayaSelangorMalaysia Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Innovation and Technology School of EngineeringChemical Engineering ProgrammeNo.1 Jalan Taylor’sTaylor’s University Malaysia47500 Subang JayaSelangorMalaysia Chitkara Centre for Research and Development Chitkara UniversityHimachal Pradesh 174103India School of Applied and Life Sciences Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunUttarakhand 248007India Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Centre of Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara UniversityPunjab 140401India

The increasing focus on electrocatalysis for sustainable hydrogen(H_(2))production has prompted significant interest in MXenes,a class of two-dimensional(2D)materials comprising metal carbides,carbonitrides,and *** materials exhibit intriguing chemical and physical properties,including excellent electrical conductivity and a large surface area,making them attractive candidates for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).This scientific review explores recent advancements in MXene-based electrocatalysts for HER *** discusses various compositions,functionalities,and explicit design principles while providing a comprehensive overview of synthesis methods,exceptional properties,and electro-catalytic approaches for H_(2) production via electrochemical ***,challenges and future prospects in designing MXenes-based electrocatalysts with enhanced kinetics are highlighted,emphasizing the potential of incorporating different metals to expand the scope of electrochemical *** review suggests possible efforts for developing advanced MXenes-based electrocatalysts,particularly for efficient H_(2) generation through electrochemical water-splitting reactions..

关键词： MXenes Electrocatalyst Water Splitting Hydrogen Generation Clean Energy

Recent progress in circularly polarized multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for organic light-emitting diodes

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： He Jiang Dan Ai Jibiao Jin Zheng Xie wai-Yeung wong Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute

Circularly polarized luminescence(CPL) is of importance to advance science and technology with significant potential applications in information storage, spintronics and optoelectronic devices. Integrating CPL and the emission mechanism of thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) has attracted considerable attention, because of their 100% internal quantum efficiency in theory and easily modified molecular structures for tunable photo-electrical properties. However, the typical donor-acceptor(D-A) architecture of CP-TADF emitters generally induces a broad emission profile with inferior color purity due to their large structural relaxation under the processes of excitation and emission. Recently, CP-multi-resonance(MR)-TADF emitters that concurrently display CPL activity, narrowband emission and high efficiency are emerging as the most suitable candidates for the next-generation organic light-emitting diode(OLED) display. In this review, the progress of CP-MR-TADF materials is reviewed in terms of the molecular design strategy, the common relationship between the molecular structures and optoelectronic properties, and their OLEDs performance. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in this research topic are discussed.

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Prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal function among Asian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 241-248页

作者： Chao Sun George Boon-Bee Goh Wan-Cheng Chow Wah-Kheong Chan Grace Lai-Hung wong wai-Kay Seto Yi-Hsiang Huang Han-Chieh Lin I-Cheng Lee Hye Won Lee Seung Up Kim Vincent wai-Sun wong Jian-Gao Fan Center for Fatty Liver Disease Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionShanghai 200092China Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Singapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina Faculty of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with impaired renal function,and both diseases often occur alongside other metabolic ***,the prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal function in patients with NAFLD remain *** objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors for renal impairment in NAFLD ***:All adults aged 18-70 years with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD and transient elastography examination from eight Asian centers were enrolled in this prospective *** fibrosis and cirrhosis were assessed by FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase(FAST),Agile 3+and Agile 4 *** renal function and chronic kidney disease(CKD)were defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)with value of<90 mL/min/1.73 m^(2) and<60 mL/min/1.73 m^(2),respectively,as estimated by the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPI)***:Among 529 included NAFLD patients,the prevalence rates of impaired renal function and CKD were 37.4%and 4.9%,*** multivariate analysis,a moderate-high risk of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis according to Agile 3+and Agile 4 scores were independent risk factors for CKD(P<0.05).Furthermore,increased fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and blood pressure were significantly associated with impaired renal function after controlling for the other components of metabolic syndrome(P<0.05).Compared with patients with normoglycemia,those with prediabetes[FPG≥5.6 mmol/L or hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)≥5.7%]were more likely to have impaired renal function(P<0.05).Conclusions:Agile 3+and Agile 4 are reliable for identifying NAFLD patients with high risk of *** glycemic control in the prediabetic stage might have a potential renoprotective role in these patients.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Impaired renal function Agile 3+ Agile 4 Metabolic syndrome

Modulation doping of p-type Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)toward improving thermoelectric performance

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 71-79页

作者： Khak Ho Lim Mingquan Li Yu Zhang Yue Wu Qimin Zhou Qingyue Wang Xuan Yang Pingwei Liu Wen-Jun Wang Ka wai wong Ka Ming Ng Yu Liu Andreu Cabot Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou Quzhou 324000China College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310007China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Ostia Technologies Limited United Kingdom Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 23Barcelona 08010Spain Catalonia Energy Research Institute-IREC Sant Adria del BesosBarcelona 08930Spain

The commercial viability of thermoelectric(TE)devices relies heavily on two factors:cost reduction and efficiency *** this study,we first produce p-type Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(16-x)(x=0,3,4)using a low-temperature bottom-up approach and demonstrate Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)to show the best TE performance among the three tested ***,the TE energy conversion efficiency of Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)is further enhanced by optimizing its electronic band structure through the incorporation of small amounts of *** an optimal Te content of 5 mol%,more than a twofold increase in the TE figure of merit(zT)is *** gain insight into the mechanism of improvement on the transport properties of the mate-rial,we compare the interphase transport mechanism by incorporating nanodomains of different metals(Ag and Cu)into the Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)*** improved electrical conductivity obtained with Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)-Te nanocomposites is attributed to a charge flooding of the Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)*** contrast,excessive down-ward band-bending at the interphases of Ag/Cu metal-semiconductor drastically reduces the electrical ***,a weighted mobility(μw)analysis shows a dominant thermal activation of carri-ers in Cu_(12)Sb_(4)S_(13)-Te *** this material,a strong decrease in lattice thermal conductivity is also found,which is associated with a phonon-carrier scattering *** work shows the impor-tance of proper band-engineering in TE nanocomposites to decouple electrical and thermal transport to enhance TE performance,and the efficacy ofμw for electrical and thermal transport analysis.

关键词： Modulation doping Thermoelectric Interphase transport Charge flooding Phonon-carrier scattering

3D printing for ultra-precision machining:current status,opportunities,and future perspectives

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第4期19卷 1-28页

作者： Tao HE wai Sze YIP Edward Hengzhou YAN Jiuxing TANG Muhammad REHAN Long TENG Chi Ho wong Linhe SUN Baolong ZHANG Feng GUO Shaohe ZHANG Suet TO State Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Machining Technology Department of Industrial and Systems EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Additive manufacturing,particularly 3D printing,has revolutionized the manufacturing industry by allowing the production of complex and intricate parts at a lower cost and with greater ***,3D-printed parts frequently require post-processing or integration with other machining technologies to achieve the desired surface finish,accuracy,and mechanical ***-precision machining(UPM)is a potential machining technology that addresses these challenges by enabling high surface quality,accuracy,and repeatability in 3D-printed *** study provides an overview of the current state of UPM for 3D printing,including the current UPM and 3D printing stages,and the application of UPM to 3D *** the presentation of current stage perspectives,this study presents a detailed discussion of the benefits of combining UPM with 3D printing and the opportunities for leveraging UPM on 3D printing or supporting each *** particular,future opportunities focus on cutting tools manufactured via 3D printing for UPM,UPM of 3D-printed components for real-world applications,and post-machining of 3D-printed ***,future prospects for integrating the two advanced manufacturing technologies into potential industries are *** study concludes that UPM is a promising technology for 3D-printed components,exhibiting the potential to improve the functionality and performance of 3D-printed products in various *** also discusses how UPM and 3D printing can complement each other.

关键词： ultra-precision machining 3D printing additive manufacturing future perspectives start-of-the-art-review

The electroweak monopole–antimonopole pair in the standard model

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 113-119页

作者： Dan Zhu Khai-Ming wong Guo-Quan wong School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPenangMalaysia

We present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles(MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) Weinberg–Salam(WS) *** monopoles are finitely separated,while each pole carries a magnetic charge ±4π/*** positive pole is situated in the upper hemisphere,whereas the negative pole is in the lower *** Cho–Maison MAP is investigated for a range of Weinberg angles,0.4675≤ tan θ_(W)≤10,and Higgs self-coupling,0 ≤ β ≤ *** magnetic dipole moment(μm) and pole separation(d_(z)) of the numerical solutions are calculated and *** total energy of the system,however,is infinite due to point singularities at the locations of monopoles.

关键词： magnetic monopole Cho-Maison monopole Weinberg-Salam model

Synthetic brochosomes:Design,synthesis,and applications

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 734-742页

作者： Lin Wang Jinsol Choi Tak-Sing wong Department of Mechanical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Brochosomes,which are nanoscopic buckyball-shaped granules produced by leafhoppers,are one of the most intricate structures discovered in *** functions of brochosomes have been proposed but only a few have been experimentally validated due to the challenge of fabricating their synthetic *** in micro-and nanofabrication have recently led to the emergence of synthetic brochosomes,opening up new possibilities for innovative *** review explores the early discovery of natural brochosomes and their geometrical features,followed by the recent progress in fabricating synthetic brochosomes and their *** on future applications and challenges in the scalable manufacturing of synthetic brochosomes are discussed.

关键词： synthetic brochosomes leafhopper antireflection superhydrophobicity surface-enhanced Raman scattering photocatalyst energy harvesting

Artificial intelligence analysis of videos to augment clinical assessment:an overview

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 717-718页

作者： David C.wong Stefan Williams University of Leeds Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust LeedsUK

Observation is a fundamental part of the practice of clinical *** of movement is particularly important for the *** such as Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,stroke,epilepsy,and many others affect a person’s movement in characteristic *** some conditions,changes in the patient’s voice can be included in this-changes in sound caused by changes in the movements of *** clinician’s detection of a characteristic abnormality,and their judgment of its severity,plays a central role in both diagnosis and the assessment of prognosis or response to ***,that practice depends upon a limited resource of experienced *** addition,these experts are limited by human visual judgment,which cannot reliably or precisely detect and measure small or subtle changes in movement(Williams et al.,2023).

关键词： clinical epilepsy diagnosis