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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2020年第4期9卷 174-181页

作者： Degemu Sahlu Negussie Deyessa Naod Firdu sahle asfaw Department of Preventive Medicine School of Public HealthAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Menelik II College of Health and Medical Science Kotebe Metropolitan UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Objective: To determine the association between low birth weight and household food insecurity at government hospitals in Addis Ababa, ***: A case control study was carried out on 468 mothers with term neonates from February 1, 2017 to May 15, 2017. The cases were women who gave term babies weighing less than 2500 g and the controls were those having 2500 g or above. In the included hospitals, choices of cases were done as the cases found and the next three eligible newborns in the maternity room were the controls. Data were collected by using pretested and structured questionnaire. Standard beam balance was used to measure the neonatal weight by trained midwifery. The data were entered into a computer using Epi-Data 3.1 and exported to Stata version 14 for data management and analysis. Results: Mothers having food insecurity [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 3.58;95% confidence interval (CI) (1.79-7.16)], mid-upper arm circumference [AOR 7.70;95% CI (4.39-13.60)], hypertension [AOR 4.81;95% CI (2.33-9.93)], and early age [AOR 3.88;95% CI (1.35-11.15)] showed statistically significant association with low birth weight. Conclusions: Household food insecurity, hypertension, mid-upper arm circumference and early age in women were significant predictors of low birth weight. The provision of adequate nutrient for pregnant mothers having household food insecurity should be assured in order to prevent adverse birth weight outcomes.

关键词： Household food insecurity Mothers Low birth weight Neonates

Downscaling Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts over East Africa with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 449-464页

作者： Temesgen Gebremariam asfaw Jing-Jia LUO Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)/CIC-FEMD/KLME/ILCEC Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Geophysics Space Science and Astronomy Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1176Ethiopia

This study assesses the suitability of convolutional neural networks(CNNs) for downscaling precipitation over East Africa in the context of seasonal forecasting. To achieve this, we design a set of experiments that compare different CNN configurations and deployed the best-performing architecture to downscale one-month lead seasonal forecasts of June–July–August–September(JJAS) precipitation from the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Climate Forecast System version 1.0(NUIST-CFS1.0) for 1982–2020. We also perform hyper-parameter optimization and introduce predictors over a larger area to include information about the main large-scale circulations that drive precipitation over the East Africa region, which improves the downscaling results. Finally, we validate the raw model and downscaled forecasts in terms of both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics, as well as their ability to reproduce the observed precipitation extreme and spell indicator indices. The results show that the CNN-based downscaling consistently improves the raw model forecasts, with lower bias and more accurate representations of the observed mean and extreme precipitation spatial patterns. Besides, CNN-based downscaling yields a much more accurate forecast of extreme and spell indicators and reduces the significant relative biases exhibited by the raw model predictions. Moreover, our results show that CNN-based downscaling yields better skill scores than the raw model forecasts over most portions of East Africa. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of CNN in downscaling seasonal precipitation predictions over East Africa,particularly in providing improved forecast products which are essential for end users.

关键词： East Africa seasonal precipitation forecasting downscaling deep learning convolutional neural networks(CNNs)

Colorectal resections for malignancy: A pilot study comparing conventional vs freehand robot-assisted laparoscopic colectomy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第3期12卷 488-494页

作者： Shamir O Cawich Joseph Martin Plummer sahle Griffith Vijay Naraynsingh Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesSt AugustineTrinidad and Tobago Department of General Surgery and Consultant General and Colorectal Surgeon Department of SurgeryUniversity of the West IndiesKingstonKIN7Jamaica Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth HospitalBridgetownBarbados Department of Surgery Port of Spain General HospitalPort of SpainTrinidad and Tobago

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic colectomy is widely accepted as a safe operation for colorectal cancer,but we have experienced resistance to the introduction of the FreeHandffrobotic camera holder to augment laparoscopic colorectal *** To compare the initial results between conventional and FreeHandffrobot-assisted laparoscopic colectomy in Trinidad and *** This was a prospective study of outcomes from all laparoscopic colectomies per-formed for colorectal carcinoma from November 29,2021 to May 30,*** following data were recorded:Operating time,conversions,estimated blood loss,hospitalization,morbidity,surgical resection margins and number of nodes *** data were entered into an excel database and the data were analyzed using SPSS ver *** There were 23 patients undergoing colectomies for malignant disease:8(35%)FreeHandff-assisted and 15(65%)conventional laparoscopic *** were no *** time was significantly lower in patients under-going robot-assisted laparoscopic colectomy(95.13±9.22 vs 105.67±11.48 min;P=0.045).Otherwise,there was no difference in estimated blood loss,nodal harvest,hospitalization,morbidity or *** The FreeHandffrobot for colectomies is safe,provides some advantages over conventional laparoscopy and does not compromise oncologic standards in the resource-poor Caribbean setting.

关键词： Laparoscopic Colectomy Robot Surgery Minimally invasive

Charting the course to solid-state dual-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 132-177页

作者： Habtom D.asfaw Antonia Kotronia Nuria Garcia-Araez Kristina Edström Daniel Brandell Department of Chemistry Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Chemistry University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

An electrolyte destined for use in a dual-ion battery(DIB)must be stable at the inherently high potential required for anion intercalation in the graphite electrode,while also protecting the Al current collector from anodic dissolution.A higher salt concentration is needed in the electrolyte,in comparison to typical battery electrolytes,to maximize energy density,while ensuring acceptable ionic conductivity and operational *** recent years,studies have demonstrated that highly concentrated organic electrolytes,ionic liquids,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs),ionogels,and water-in-salt electrolytes can potentially be used in *** can help reduce the use of solvents and thus lead to a substantial change in the Coulombic efficiency,energy density,and long-term cycle life of ***,GPEs are suited to manufacture compact DIB designs without separators by virtue of their mechanical strength and electrical *** this review,we highlight the latest advances in the application of different electrolytes in DIBs,with particular emphasis on GPEs.

关键词： anion intercalation concentrated electrolytes dual-ion battery graphite ionic liquids polymer electrolyte

The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Migraine Frequency and Severity in Neurology

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 301-313页

作者： Oluwatosin B. Iyun Okelue Edwards Okobi Nneka P. Sams Eleni asfaw Kebede Oboatarhe Blessing Ezie Department of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Larkin Community Hospital PSC Miami FL USA College of Health Sciences & Public Policy Walden University Minneapolis MN USA College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Family Medicine University of Benin Benin City Nigeria

Objective: This systematic review examines the impact of lifestyle factors on migraine frequency and severity through a comprehensive analysis of lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress, mental health, and environmental influences. Methods: We thoroughly searched Google Scholar, PUBMED, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to migraines and lifestyle factors. Keywords incorporated the Boolean operator “and” to narrow search results. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified, screened, and evaluated studies for inclusion, resulting in nine studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 4917 records were initially identified from Scopus (2786), PubMed (854), and Web of Science (1277). Following deduplication, 3657 records underwent title screening, with 382 additionally screened by abstract. Ultimately, 88 full-text articles were assessed, resulting in 9 studies meeting eligibility for qualitative synthesis: 7 prospective and 2 retrospective studies. Our findings highlight the multifaceted role of lifestyle factors in migraine pathophysiology and management. Dietary habits, such as high-calorie, high-fat, and gluten-containing diets were linked to migraine triggers. Moderate physical activity showed beneficial effects on migraine management, while intense exercise could exacerbate symptoms. Poor sleep hygiene and insomnia were strongly associated with increased migraine frequency and severity. Chronic stress and poor mental health significantly contributed to migraine exacerbation, with stress management techniques proving beneficial. Environmental factors, including light, sound, weather changes, and allergens, were also identified as significant migraine triggers. Conclusions: Personalized lifestyle modifications, tailored to individual patient profiles, are crucial in managing migraines. Evidence-based recommendations include balanced diets, moderate physical activity, improved sleep hygien

关键词： Migraine Lifestyle Factors Diet Physical Activity Sleep Patterns Stress Mental Health Environmental Factors Neurology

Erosion risk assessment:A contribution for conservation priority area identification in the sub-basin of Lake Tana,north-western Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 46-61页

作者： Daniel asfaw Bekele Getachew Workineh Gella Mulualem asfaw Ejigu Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir Dar UniversityEthiopia Geospatial Data and Technology Center(GDTC) Bair Dar UniversityEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debre Tabor UniversityEthiopia

Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem arising from agricultural intensification and landscape *** land management coupled with intense rainfall has intricated the problem in most parts of the Ethiopian *** loss costs a profound amount of the national ***,quantifying soil loss and prioritizing areas for conservation is imperative for proper planning and resource ***,this study has modeled the mean soil loss and annual sediment yield of the Gumara *** 5 TM,Landsat 7ETM+,and Landsat 8 OLI were used for land use land cover(LULC)change *** these,other datasets related to rainfall,digital soil map,Digital Elevation Model,reference land use,and cover(LULC)ground truth points were used to generate parameters for modeling soil *** watershed was classified into five major land-use classes(water body,cultivated land,grazing land,built-up and forest and plantation)using a maximum likelihood algorithm covering a period of the last 30 years(1988-2019).The mean annual soil loss and sediment yield were quantified using RUSLE,Sediment delivery ratio(SDR),and Sediment Yields models(SY).The analysis result unveils that within the past 30 years,the watershed has undergone significant LULC changes from forest&plantation(46.33%)and grazing land to cultivated land(31.59%)with the rate of-1.42km^(2)yr^(-1) and-2.80km^(2)yr^(-1) *** the same vein,the built-up area has expanded to cultivated and grazing ***,nearly 15%(207 km2)of the watershed suffered from moderate to very severe soil *** average,the watershed losses 24.2t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) of soil and yields 2807.02t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) ***,the watershed losses 385,157t ha^(-1)yr^(-1) soil from the whole study *** the admir-ative districts,Farta(Askuma,Giribi,Mahidere Mariam and Arigo kebeles),Fogera(Gazen Aridafofota and Gura Amba kebeles),East Este(Witimera kebele),and Dera(Gedame Eyesus and Deriana Wechi

关键词： Phrases Erosion Sediment yield Landscape GIS Cumara watershed

Effect of colloid-size copper-based pesticides and wood-preservatives against microbial activities of Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand test

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第7期33卷 71-80页

作者： Ayenachew Tegenaw George ASorial Endalkachew sahle-Demessie Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Science701 Engineering Research CenterUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221-0012USA U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and DevelopmentCenter for Environmental Solution and Emergency ResponseCincinnatiOH 45268USA

Copper-based pesticides and wood preservatives could end up in the environment during production,use,and end-of-life via different pathways that could cause unintended ecolog-ical and adverse health *** paper provides the effect of colloid-size Cu-based pesti-cides(CuPRO and Kocide),micronized Cu azole(MCA-1 and MCA-2)and alkaline Cu quater-nary(ACQ)treated woods,Cu^(2+),Cu^(2+) spiked untreated wood(UTW),and CuCO_(3) solutions against Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD 5)stan-dard *** total Cu leached from MCA-1,MCA-2,and ACQ in Milli-Q water after 5 days were -0.1,-0.11,and -0.64 g/kg of wood,***,the form of Cu leached from MCA woods was mostly ionic(>90%).The total organic carbon(TOC)content of any tested wood(UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ)was -99%of its corresponding total carbon(TC)content,whereas the TOC of any tested wood sawdust exceeded that of its corresponding piece/block by>300%.The dissolved oxygen(DO)consumption value in the presence of Cu^(2+),CuCO_(3),CuPRO,and Kocide solutions was significantly influenced by Cu particles/***,the DO consumption value in the presence of UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ woods was significantly influenced by organics leached from *** the other hand,the DO consumption of MCA sawdust was greater than(300%)that of MCA pieces/*** findings of this study provide more insight into how organics leached from woods significantly reduce the toxic effects of Cu ions against Gram-positive Bacillus species.

关键词： Gram-positive Bacillus species BOD_(5) Colloid-size Cu-based pesticides DO consumption Leaching Wood preservatives

Quantitative analysis of morphometry on Ribb and Gumara watersheds: Implications for soil and water conservation

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第2期7卷 150-157页

作者： Daniel asfaw Getachew Workineh Debre Tabor University Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Ethiopia Debre Tabor University Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Ethiopia

Morphometric analysis is a quantitative measurement and mathematical analysis of *** plays a significant role in understanding the geohydrological characteristics of a drainage basin in relation to the terrain feature and its flow *** also helps to estimate the incidence of infiltration and runoff,and other related hydrological character of a watershed like erosion and sediment transport which has a strong implication for natural resource *** study has attempted to quantify the morphometric characteristics of Guna-Tana watershed for proper implementation of soil and water conservation *** (DEM) was used for extracting morphometric *** watershed covers a total area of 3601.5 km2 and it has a basin length of 78.89 *** has been tried to generate morphometric parameters which account basin drainage network,geometry,drainage texture,and relief characteristics together with hypsometric *** morphometric analysis of drainage density of the study watershed is 0.49 km/km2 which indicates the basin is highly permeable and result with better underground water storage *** number is 0.02 that implies the area is less prone to soil *** addition,it has stream frequency of 0.32 and form factor 0.57 which indicates slightly elongated basin *** analysis of its sub watersheds Gumara and Ribb was also ***,practicing soil and water conservation in the watershed could enhance/strengthen the water storage capacity,prevent sediment loss and related natural resource from the watershed that rehabilitate its productivity.

关键词： Morphometric analysis Drainage density Guna-Tana watershed Soil and water conservation

Seasonal Prediction of Summer Precipitation over East Africa Using NUIST-CFS1.0

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第3期39卷 355-372,553-557页

作者： Temesgen Gebremariam asfaw Jing-Jia LUO Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)/CICFEM/KLME/ILCEC Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Geophysics Space Science and Astronomy Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1176Ethiopia

East Africa is particularly vulnerable to precipitation variability, as the livelihood of much of the population depends on rainfed agriculture. Seasonal forecasts of the precipitation anomalies, when skillful, can therefore improve implementation of coping mechanisms with respect to food security and water management. This study assesses the performance of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Climate Forecast System version 1.0(NUISTCFS1.0) on forecasting June–September(JJAS) seasonal precipitation anomalies over East Africa. The skill in predicting the JJAS mean precipitation initiated from 1 May for the period of 1982–2019 is evaluated using both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics on grid cell and over six distinct clusters. The results show that NUIST-CFS1.0 captures the spatial pattern of observed seasonal precipitation climatology, albeit with dry and wet biases in a few parts of the region. The model has positive skill across a majority of Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, whereas it doesn’t exceed the skill of climatological forecasts in parts of Sudan and southeastern Ethiopia. Positive forecast skill is found over regions where the model shows better performance in reproducing teleconnections related to oceanic SST. The prediction performance of NUIST-CFS1.0 is found to be on a level that is potentially useful over a majority of East Africa.

关键词： East Africa seasonal precipitation forecasts probabilistic verification ensemble prediction

Species composition,structure,regeneration and management status of Jorgo-Wato Forest in west Wollega,Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第1期33卷 136-144页

作者： Kebu Balemi Zemede asfaw Sebsebe Demissew Gemedo Dalle Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 34Addis AbabaEthiopia Center of Environmental Science Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute P.O.Box 30726Addis AbabaEthiopia

Species composition,structure,regeneration,and management status of Jorgo-Wato Forest(JWF)was *** of individuals,diameter at breast height(dbh)and height of woody species(dbh≥2.5 cm)were counted and measured in each *** discussions with local farmers residing around JWF were carried out to understand the management of the *** structural attributes were computed using descriptive statistics;correlation was used to assess relationships between the structural variables.A total of 4313 individuals(dbh≥2.5 cm)with a density of 1477 ha-1 were recorded,the number of species and individuals decreasing with increasing dbh *** with the highest Importance Value Index(IVI)were Pouteria adolfifriedericii(37.7),Syzygium guineense ***(23.6),Dracaena afromontana(20.5),Chionanthus mildbraedii(15.9),and Croton macrostachyus(12.3).Overall distribution of woody plants across size classes exhibited a reverse J-pattern,suggesting a healthy population structure and good ***,some species were not represented in smaller diameter classes,including juvenile phases,which indicate a lack of *** these species,monitoring and enrichment planting would be necessary,along with curbing illegal cutting and coffee farming in the natural *** interventions in the JWF need to consider livelihood options and to respect the rights of local communities.

关键词： Species composition Structure Regeneration Participatory Forest Management