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mental Health Consequences among Sudanese Due to the Armed Conflicts and Civil Unrest of 2023: One Year Later

Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2024年第4期12卷 21-37页

作者： sahar m.awia balla elnour Nahla Yousif Osman mohammed Saeed Awadia Babiker mohammed Osman Abeer Alawad Hassan Eman mohamed Nour Hamad Alneel mustafa Rowa Abdelmonem Sidig Hamato malaz mohamed Khair Alsafi mohamed Amna Alnaim mohamed Ahmed Osman Awab Abdelbagi mustafa Ahmed Jalal Abdelrasool Hassan Eltaib Department of Family medicine Health Gates Riyadh Saudi Arabia Family medicine Department Ultracare Home Health Care Riyadh Saudi Arabia Psychiatic Department Erada Hospital and Mental Health Alkharj Saudi Arabia Family medicine Department Ahmed Gasim Diabetic Center Portsudan Sudan QCHP Qatar Qatar Primary Care Najran Health Cluster Najran Saudi Arabia Emergency Department Best Care Hospital Khartoum Sudan Family medicine Department Mouwasat Hospital Khobar Saudi Arabia

Aim: To investigate depression, anxiety, PTSD, and insomnia levels among Sudanese citizens after a year has passed since the start of Armed Forces conflict in Sudan. methods: An online survey was distributed. It is composed of five parts, covering the following areas: 1) sociodemographic data;2) depression assessment;3) generalized anxiety disorder assessment;4) post-traumatic stress disorder assessment;and 5) insomnia assessment. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27 was used for data analysis;frequency and percentage were used to describe the qualitative variables. Spearman’s correlation analysis and Chi-square test were used for correlation and association analysis;a P-value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 283 participants, primarily female (76.0%), with a mean age of 35.26 ± 6.96 years. The majority of participants were married (50.5%) and had a university level of education (50.2%). At the start of the war, 70.3% of participants were inside the war zones, and at the time of data collection, 73.5% were outside Sudan. The length of stay in the war zone ranged from 1 to 300 days, with a mean of 48.59 ± 70.284 days. Additionally, 63.3% of participants stated that they did not receive any form of mental health intervention, and the remaining did not provide an answer. There was a high prevalence of moderate-severe depression (50.5%), moderate anxiety (35.3%), PTSD (56.5%), and sub-threshold insomnia (53.4%) among the participants. Correlation analyses revealed associations between demographic factors such as sex, age, marital status, and education and mental health issues. Notably, female participants showed a higher prevalence of PTSD (53.0%) compared to male participants (67.6%). Conclusions: There is a substantial impact of war-related trauma on mental health, revealing a high prevalence of moderate-severe depression, moderate anxiety, PTSD, and sub-threshold insomnia among the particip

关键词： Sudan War Conflict mental Health

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Effect of Diabetes Self-management Education on Glycaemic Control in Sudanese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2024年第3期12卷 316-327页

作者： sahar m.awia balla elnour Tayseer Abdelmotalib Ahmed Taha Haiam Abdalla Wadatalla Ziryab Zainelabdin mohamed Elmahdi marwah Isam Abdulmajeed mohammedahmed Rowa Abdelmonem Sidig Hamadto Nahla Yousif Osman mohammed Saeed Omnia mubarak Saad Abdallah Sulafa Abdelbagi mustafa Ahmed Hanady Abdelhameed Ahmed mohamed Sarah Khalil Fathi Khalil Family medicine Health Gates Primary Care Riyadh SAU Family medicine Dhaman Health Assurance Hospitals Company Kuwait KWT Family medicine First Health Cluster Riyadh SAU Emergency Department Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Abudahbi ARE Family medicine University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum SDN Family medicine Sudan Medical Specialization Board-Sudan Khartoum SDN Family medicine Ultra Care Home Care Company Riyadh SAU medicine Department Health Gates Primary Care Riyadh SAU Family medicine Mouwasat Hospital Madinah SAU

Research Background: The high prevalence of diabetes in Sudan, estimated at 16%, highlights the importance of effective health education in diabetes management. Diabetes self-management education has been identified as a crucial tool in enhancing the knowledge, attitudes, and abilities necessary for self-management among individuals with diabetes. Aim: To assess the impact of diabetes self-management education on medication adherence and glycemic control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes before and 3 months after the DSmE intervention. method: The study was conducted in Sudan between September 2022 and march 2023, it was an interventional, one-group, pre- and post-test study that aimed to assess the impact of diabetes self-management education (DSmE) on medication adherence and diabetes control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes. The research was conducted in primary health care centers in six cities in Sudan and involved 244 participants. The data entry and statistical analysis were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27.0. A paired t test was used for analysis. Results: The study included 244 participants, 67% of whom were males. The age mean ± SD was 48.6 ± 9.3 years, and 85.3% of participants were married. Age at onset of diabetes mean ± SD was 40.60 ± 7.81 years;44.6% had diabetes for less than 5 years;and 84.1% had a positive family history of diabetes mellitus. The levels of poor, low, and partial adherence to medication decreased by 8.2%, 4%, and 20.6%, respectively, after the intervention. The levels of good and high medication regime adherence increased by 13% and 19.8%, respectively;BmI decreased by 1.1 ± 0.73 kg/m2 (p = 0.005). The fasting blood sugar decreased by 69 ± 32.9 mg/dl (p = 0.049), and the glycated hemoglobin decreased by 1.21 ± 0.28% (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study reinforce the importance of patient education in improving glycemic control and enhancing self-management

关键词： Sudan Adherence Intervention Education Self-management Diabetes

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Adherence to Preventive measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Sudan

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Open Journal of Internal medicine 2023年第4期13卷 408-426页

作者： Einas mustafa mudawi Ahmed sahar m.awia balla elnour Sozan m. Abdelkhalig Tayseer Abdelmotalib Ahmed Taha Sulafa Abdelbagi mustafa Ahmed Jalal Abdelrasool Hassan Eltaib Najad G. mustafa Samar m.awia balla elnour Obstetrics and Gynaecology Najran University Najran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Family medicine Department Sudan Medical Specialization Board Khartoum Sudan mircobiology Almaarefa University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Family medicine Sudanese Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan Family medicine Makkah Polyclinic Makkah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Inventors Academy Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Family medicine Dhaman Health Assurance Hospitals Kuwait City Kuwait

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019, otherwise known as COVID-19, emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 spreads through an airborne transmission route. Preventive measures were described to help decrease the spread of COVID-19 worldwide. There were a number of preventive measures that were globally adopted: social distance of at least 1 meter, mask wearing, washing hands for 20 seconds, and covering the mouth and nose if the person sneezes or coughs. methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 362 students from the International University of Africa, Sudan, was carried out between August 2021 and September 2022. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 was used for data analysis;frequency and percentage were used to describe the qualitative variables. A chi-square test was used for association analysis;a P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among study participants, the females were 70.9%;most were 20 - 23 years old (73.6%). 54.2% were vaccinated against COVID-19;83.6% had good knowledge regarding the mode of transmission, and 76.1% stayed in during quarantine. 80.6% of participants understood social distancing correctly. 76.1% of males and 45.1% of females started or completed vaccination (P ≤ 0.05). 51.4% of males and 81.3% of females adhered to preventive measures (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: It is important to target health education campaigns and interventions to improve adherence to preventive measures among university students. Although the pandemic is coming to an end, a lesson should be learned from it, and future preparation should be employed.

关键词： Sudan COVID-19 Preventive measures Adherence

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Control of Blood Pressure and Complication Presence in Khartoum State, Sudan

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Open Journal of Internal medicine 2023年第4期13卷 381-394页

作者： Nisreen A. A. Ahmad maha m. Bilal Ziryab Z. m. Elmahdi Tayseer Abdelmotalib Ahmed Taha Tamadur A. Abdelrahman Rowa Abdelmonem Sidig Hamadto sahar m. B. elnour minstery of Health Kariba Health Center Wad Madani Sudan Family medicine Department Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia Emergency Department Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Dhaman Health Assurance Hospitals Company Kuwait City Kuwait Diabetes Specialized Centre Port Sudan Sudan Sudan medical Specialization Board Khartoum Sudan

Background: Hypertension is a common chronic disease and an important public health problem. The prevention of complications depends on hypertension control. Aim: To assess blood pressure control, complication presence, and their influencing factors. methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with hypertension attending a private medical facility, a governmental facility, and a primary health care center in Khartoum, Sudan, between September 2022 and February 2023. Statistical Package for Special Sciences version 25 was used for data analysis;frequency and percentage were used to describe the qualitative variables. A chi-square test was used for co-relation analysis;a P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and the confidence interval was 95%. Results: The study included 250 participants;55.6% were males. Their age was 58.77 ± 6.80 years, and they had hypertension for 10.7 ± 8.51 years. The duration of the disease was 10.7 ± 8.51 years. Systolic blood pressure was 127.1 ± 11.3 mm hg, and diastolic blood pressure was 81.6 ± 7.1 mm hg. Of the participants, 76.4% had controlled hypertension, while 27.6% had complications due to hypertension. Controlled blood pressure was associated with females, age group 40 - 60 years, normal waist circumference, and high adherence level (P ≤ 0.05). The presence of complications was associated with males, participants older than 60 years, and a low adherence level (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: In Sudan, the level of control is good;nonetheless, not all patients achieve it. Availability and access to treatment facilities and medications should be improved. Proper patient counseling should be offered, as well as continuous care.

关键词： Hypertension Blood Pressure Control Complications

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