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Tensile strength and failure behavior of rock-mortar interfaces: Direct and indirect measurements

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 41-55页

作者： Ghasem shams Patrice Rivard Omid Moradian Civil Engineering and Building Engineering Department Universitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada Department of Earth Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)ZurichSwitzerland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA

The tensile strength at the rock-concrete interface is one of the crucial factors controlling the failure mechanisms of structures,such as concrete gravity *** the critical importance of the failure mechanism and tensile strength of rock-concrete interfaces,understanding of these factors remains very *** study investigated the tensile strength and fracturing processes at rock-mortar interfaces subjected to direct and indirect tensile *** image correlation(DIC)and acoustic emission(AE)techniques were used to monitor the failure mechanisms of specimens subjected to direct tension and indirect loading(Brazilian tests).The results indicated that the direct tensile strength of the rock-mortar specimens was lower than their indirect tensile strength,with a direct/indirect tensile strength ratio of 65%.DIC strain field data and moment tensor inversions(MTI)of AE events indicated that a significant number of shear microcracks occurred in the specimens subjected to the Brazilian *** presence of these shear microcracks,which require more energy to break,resulted in a higher tensile strength during the Brazilian *** contrast,microcracks were predominantly tensile in specimens subjected to direct tension,leading to a lower tensile *** monitoring of the cracking processes in the rock-mortar interfaces revealed that they show AE precursors before failure under the Brazilian test,whereas they show a minimal number of AE events before failure under direct *** to different microcracking mechanisms,specimens tested under Brazilian tests showed lower roughness with flatter fracture surfaces than those tested under direct tension with jagged and rough fracture *** results of this study shed light on better understanding the micromechanics of damage in the rock-concrete interfaces for a safer design of engineering structures.

关键词： Rock-mortar Rock-concrete Moment tensor inversion(MTI) Acoustic emission(AE) Digital image correlation(DIC) Tensile strength Direct tensile test Brazilian test

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A Framework to Assess Possible Sources of Stakeholder Exploitation:A Developing Country Case

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 32-44页

作者： Kamran Shafique Syed shams Tapan Sarker School of Business University of Southern QueenslandSpringfeldQLD 4300Australia Business School University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

Solving complex post-disaster reconstruction challenges requires the altruistic involvement of heterogeneous stakeholder ***,small,more organized groups,such as government parastatals,private developers,and contractors often exploit large,unorganized groups,such as affected communities,leaving them more vulnerable to future *** on data collected from a case study in Pakistan,this study proposed a framework to assess,anticipate,and mitigate the exploitation of vulnerable stakeholders in post-disaster reconstruction *** framework draws on influential management theories and utilizes reciprocal relationships between stakeholder attributes(power,legitimacy,and urgency),participation,and *** study also argued for non-binary treatment of stakeholder *** framework will allow practitioners to address issues around the exploitation of stakeholder interests in future post-disaster reconstruction projects.

关键词： Collective action Pakistan Post-disaster reconstruction-Stakeholder participation Stakeholder exploitation

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Asphaltene onset pressure measurement and calculation techniques:A review

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 191-201页

作者： Sherif Fakher Amr Yousef Aseel Al-Sakkaf shams Eldakar Petroleum and Energy Engineering The American University in Cairo

Asphaltene precipitation can result in several production, operational, and transportation problems during oil recovery. If asphaltene precipitates and deposits, it can reduce reservoir permeability, damage wellbore equipment, and plug the pipelines. It is therefore extremely important to evaluate the conditions at which asphaltene precipitation occurs; this is referred to as the asphaltene onset *** onset pressure has been measured using many different experimental techniques. There have also been many attempts along the years to predict asphaltene onset pressure using mathematical correlations and models. This research provides an up-to-date comprehensive review of the methods by which asphaltene onset pressure can be measured using laboratory experiments and mathematical models. The research explains the main mechanisms of all the laboratory experiments to measure asphaltene onset pressure under static conditions and how to conduct them and highlights the advantages and limitations of each method. The research also provides a summary of the commonly used mathematical models to quantify asphaltene onset pressure directly and indirectly.

关键词： Asphaltene onset measurement

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Ruptured Splenic Artery Aneurysm (SAA) in an Elderly Patient with Hypercoagulability: A Very Vague Presentation

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第2期12卷 40-46页

作者： Stuart Wynn Amin shams Akhtari Hervey Bay Hospital Queensland Australia

Here, we discuss a 78-year-old woman with symptoms of shortness of breath and intermittent productive cough, which worsened over time. She had a history of Factor V Leiden and unprovoked pulmonary embolism (PE) and was on lifelong warfarin. The patient was found to have a widened mediastinum and a small left-sided pleural effusion on chest X-ray, leading to CT aortogram to assess for aortic pathology. While in the CT scanner, she experienced an acute deterioration and went into shock. The initial diagnosis was anaphylactic reaction to the contrast agent, but the CT images revealed an active bleeding in the left upper quadrant, possibly of splenic origin. The patient was stabilized with aggressive resuscitation measures and transferred to a referral hospital for urgent surgery. The surgery revealed a ruptured splenic artery aneurysm (SAA), and the patient was taken to the intensive care unit (ICU) for further management. However, she developed a large infarct in the left occipital lobe and passed away after six days. The case highlights the significance of recognizing the symptoms and signs of SAA and then taking a multidisciplinary approach in managing SAA patients, particularly those with hypercoagulability (Graphic 1).

关键词： Splenic Artery Aneurysm (SAA) Hypercoagulability CT Aortography

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Semaglutide for the management of diabesity:The real-world experience

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 68-77页

作者： Mohammed Alkhalifah Hafsa Afsar Anindya shams Dania Blaibel Vishnu Chandrabalan Joseph M Pappachan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Department of Family Medicine King Faisal Specialist HospitalRiyadh 11211Saudi Arabia Department of Data Science Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Diabesity(diabetes as a consequence of obesity)has emerged as a huge healthcare challenge across the globe due to the obesity *** use of antidiabetic medications including semaglutide is important for optimal management of diabesity as proven by multiple randomized controlled ***,more real-world data is needed to further improve the clinical *** To study the real-world benefits and side effects of using semaglutide to manage patients with *** We evaluated the efficacy and safety of semaglutide use in managing patients with diabesity in a large academic hospital in the United *** parameters were analyzed including demographic information,the data on improvement of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),body weight reduction and insulin dose adjustments at 6 and 12 months,as well as at the latest follow up *** data was obtained from the electronic patient records between January 2019 to May *** 106 patients(56 males)with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),mean age 60.8±11.2 years,mean durations of T2DM 12.4±7.2 years and mean semaglutide treatment for 2.6±1.1 years were *** treatment was associated with significant improvement in diabesity outcomes such as mean weight reductions from baseline 110.4±24.6 kg to 99.9±24.9 kg at 12 months and 96.8±22.9 kg at latest follow up and HbA1c improvement from baseline of 82±21 mmol/mol to 67±20 at 12 months and 71±23 mmol/mol at the latest follow *** insulin dose reduction from mean baseline of 95±74 units to 76.5±56.2 units was also observed at the latest follow *** effects were mild and mainly gastrointestinal like bloating and nausea improving with prolonged use of *** Semaglutide treatment is associated with significant improvement in diabesity outcomes such as reduction in body weight,HbA1c and insulin doses without major adverse *** of largescale real-world data are expected to inform better clinical

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabesity Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists Semaglutide Insulin dose reduction Weight loss

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Mutations in wheat TaAPA2 gene result in pleiotropic effects on plant architecture

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2039-2042页

作者： Shengsheng Bai Guiping Wang Rui Song Yanna Liu Lei Hua Jinwei Yang Lijun Zhang shams ur Rehman Xiaohua Hao Lifeng Hou Chaozhong Zhang Hongna Li Yanyan Liang Lihua Zhao Yan Xue Zheng Wang Shisheng Chen National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang Department of Plant Sciences University of California

Dear Editor,Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) is a globally important cereal providing ～20%of the calories and proteins for >4.5billion people. Plant architecture, including morphologies of leaves, spikes, stems,and roots, has great impact on plant development and productivity, and thus has been extensively investigated in various plant species(Jiang et al., 2023;Zhang et al., 2017).

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The Effects of Fetal Movement Counting on Mental Health of Mother in Third Trimester A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Chinese Business Review 2016年第3期15卷 149-154页

作者： Masoumeh Delaram Loabat Jafar-Zadeh sahand shams Hamid-Reza Sadeghi-Gandomani Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran

Anxiety is one of the psychological problems in pregnant women that sometimes takes the form of pathological and affects the mental health of mother. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fetal movement counting on mental health of mother. In a randomized-controlled trial, 208 nulliparous women were randomly divided into two groups. At 28th weeks, both groups completed the GHQ-28. Then the intervention group started to count fetal movements from 28th to 37th weeks of gestation and the control group received routine prenatal care. Again, both groups completed the questionnaire at 37 weeks" gestation and the results were compared. Analysis was performed by SPSS and a P value < 0.05 was considered significant. The mean scores of mental health of mothers in 28th and 37th of pregnancy was respectively 23.52 ± 10.23 and 21.09 ± 10.12 in the intervention group and the difference was significant (P = 0.025). The mean in the control group was 23.69 ± 9.43 and 23.88 ± 8.60 respectively, and the difference was not significant (P = 0.52). In comparing the mean scores between the two groups, it was found that the difference was not significant at 28th weeks of gestation (P = 0.37), but it was significant in 37th week (P = 0.002) and the counting of fetal movements could improve the mental health of mothers compared to control group. The women who had fetal movements counting at weeks 28 to 37 of gestation reported better mental health than the control group. The mother reported concerns about decreased fetal movement was similar in the two groups.

关键词：随机对照试验心理健康母亲运动胎儿计数孕期对照组

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Production of hydrogen from fossil fuel:A review

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第5期17卷 585-610页

作者： shams ANWAR Xianguo LI Laboratory for Fuel Cell and Green Energy Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L3G1Canada

Production of hydrogen,one of the most promising alternative clean fuels,through catalytic conversion from fossil fuel is the most technically and economically feasible *** conversion of natural gas into hydrogen and carbon is thermodynami-cally favorable under atmospheric ***,using noble metals as a catalyst is costly for hydrogen production,thus mandating non-noble metal-based catalysts such as Ni,Co,and Cu-based *** paper reviews the various hydrogen production methods from fossil fuels through pyrolysis,partial oxidation,autother-mal,and steam reforming,emphasizing the catalytic production of hydrogen via steam reforming of *** multicomponent catalysts composed of several non-noble materials have been *** the Ni,Co,and Cu-based catalysts investigated in the literature,Ni/Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst is the most economical and performs best because it suppresses the coke formation on the *** avoid carbon emission,this method of hydrogen production from methane should be integrated with carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Carbon capture can be accomplished by absorption,adsorption,and membrane separation *** remaining challenges,prospects,and future research and development directions are described.

关键词： methane catalytic conversion natural gas hydrogen production CCUS

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Inverting a k-heptadiagonal matrix based on Doolitle LU factorization

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2022年第3期37卷 340-349页

作者： Maryam shams Solary Mehran Rasouli Department of mathematics Payamenoor universityTehranIran

The purpose of the present paper is to show a new numeric and symbolic algorithm for inverting a general nonsingular k-heptadiagonal *** work is based on Doolitle LU factorization of the *** obtain a series of recursive relationships then we use them for constructing a novel algorithm for inverting a k-heptadiagonal *** computational cost of the algorithm is *** illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： k-Heptadiagonal matrices LU factorization algorithm inverse of a matrix

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Investigating the causes of Lake Urmia shrinkage:climate change or anthropogenic factors?

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第4期15卷 424-438页

作者： Mehri shams GHAHFAROKHI Sogol MORADIAN Department of Social Sciences University of IsfahanIsfahan 81746-73441Iran Department of Civil Engineering University of GalwayGalway H91TK33Ireland

In the current scenario,Lake Urmia,one of the vastest hyper saline lakes on the Earth,has been affected by serious environmental *** different satellite images and observational data,this study investigated the changes in the lake for the period 1970–2020 based on the effects of climate change and several human-induced processes on Lake Urmia,such as population growth,excessive dam construction,low irrigation water use efficiency,poor water resources management,increased sediment flow into the lake,and lack of political and legal *** results indicated that between 1970 and 1997,the process of change in Lake Urmia was slow;however;the shrinkage was faster between 1998 and 2018,with about 30.00%of the lake area *** per the findings,anthropogenic factors had a much greater impact on Lake Urmia than climate change and prolonged drought;the mismanagement of water consumption in the agricultural sector and surface and underground water withdrawals in the basin have resulted in a sharp decrease in the lake's *** challenges have serious implications for water resources management in Lake Urmia ***,we provided a comprehensive overview of anthropogenic factors on the changes in Lake Urmia along with existing opportunities for better water resources management in Lake Urmia *** study serves as a guideline framework for climate scientists and hydrologists in order to assess the effects of different factors on lake water resources and for decision-makers to formulate strategies and plans according to the management task.

关键词： Lake Urmia lake shrinkage climate change population growth dam construction water resources management

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