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Causative bacteria of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit in Bahrain:Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility pattern

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2023年第3期12卷 165-175页

作者： Mohamed Eliwa Hassan safaa abdulaziz al-khawaja Nermin Kamal Saeed Sana abdulaziz al-khawaja Mahmood al-Awainati Sara Salah Yusuf Radhi Mohamed Hameed alsaffar Mohammed al-Beltagi Intensive Care Unit Department of Internal medicineSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthManamaKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Infectious Disease Unit Department of Internal MedicineSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Family Medicine Ministry of HealthManamaKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain

BACKGROUND Ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)is defined as pneumonia that occurs two calendar days following endotracheal intubation or after *** is the most common infection encountered among intubated *** incidence showed wide variability between *** To define the VAP incidence in the intensive care unit(ICU)in the central gove-rnment hospital in Bahrain and review the risk factors and the predominant bacterial pathogens with their antimicrobial susceptibility *** The research was a prospective cross-sectional observational study over six months from November 2019 to June *** included adult and adolescent patients(>14 years old)admitted to the ICU and required intubation and mechanical *** was diagnosed when it occurred after 48 h after endotracheal intubation using the clinical pulmonary infection score,which considers the clinical,laboratory,microbiological,and radiographic *** The total number of adult patients admitted to the ICU who required intubation and mechanical ventilation during the study period was ***-six patients developed VAP during their ICU stay(29.7%).The calculated VAP rate was 22.14 events per 1000 ventilator days during the study period,with a mean age of 52 years±*** VAP cases had late-onset VAP with a mean number of ICU days before the development of VAP of 9.96±***-negative contributed to most VAP cases in our unit,with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter being the most identified *** The reported VAP rate in our ICU was relatively high compared to the international benchmark,which should trigger a vital action plan for reinforcing the implementation of the VAP prevention bundle.

关键词： Ventilator-associated pneumonia Intensive care unit Antibiotics susceptibility pattern Kingdom of Bahrain Adults Bacterial resistance Acinetobacter

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Multi-trial Vector-based Whale Optimization algorithm

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1465-1495页

作者： Mohammad H.Nadimi-Shahraki Hajar Farhanginasab Shokooh Taghian ali safaa Sadiq Seyedali Mirjalili Faculty of Computer Engineering Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabad***Iran Big Data Research Center Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabad***Iran Department of Computer Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NSUK Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Optimisation Torrens UniversityBrisbane4006Australia

The Whale Optimization algorithm(WOA)is a swarm intelligence metaheuristic inspired by the bubble-net hunting tactic of humpback *** spite of its popularity due to simplicity,ease of implementation,and a limited number of parameters,WOA’s search strategy can adversely affect the convergence and equilibrium between exploration and exploitation in complex *** address this limitation,we propose a new algorithm called Multi-trial Vector-based Whale Optimization algorithm(MTV-WOA)that incorporates a Balancing Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(BS_TVP),a Local Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(LS_TVP),and a Global Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(GS_TVP)to address real-world optimization problems of varied degrees of ***-WOA has the potential to enhance exploitation and exploration,reduce the probability of being stranded in local optima,and preserve the equilibrium between exploration and *** the purpose of evaluating the proposed algorithm's performance,it is compared to eight metaheuristic algorithms utilizing CEC 2018 test ***,MTV-WOA is compared with well-stablished,recent,and WOA variant *** experimental results demonstrate that MTV-WOA surpasses comparative algorithms in terms of the accuracy of the solutions and convergence ***,we conducted the Friedman test to assess the gained results statistically and observed that MTV-WOA significantly outperforms comparative ***,we solved five engineering design problems to demonstrate the practicality of *** results indicate that the proposed MTV-WOA can efficiently address the complexities of engineering challenges and provide superior solutions that are superior to those of other algorithms.

关键词： Swarm intelligence algorithms Metaheuristic algorithms Optimization Engineering design problems Whale optimization algorithm

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MoBShield:A Novel XML Approach for Securing Mobile Banking

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2123-2149页

作者： Saeed Seraj ali safaa Sadiq OmprakashKaiwartya Mohammad aljaidi alexandros Konios Mohammed ali Mohammed Abazeed Department of Computer Science Nottingham Trent UniversityClifton LaneNottinghamNG118NSUK Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information TechnologyZarqa UniversityZarqa13110Jordan Department of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

Mobile banking security has witnessed significant R&D attention from both financial institutions and *** is due to the growing number of mobile baking applications and their reachability and usefulness to ***,these applications are also attractive prey for cybercriminals,who use a variety of malware to steal personal banking *** literature in mobile banking security requiresmany permissions that are not necessary for the application’s intended security *** this context,this paper presents a novel efficient permission identification approach for securing mobile banking(MoBShield)to detect and prevent malware.A permission-based dataset is generated for mobile banking malware detection that consists large number of malicious adware apps and benign apps to use as training *** dataset is generated from 1650 malicious banking apps of the Canadian Institute of Cybersecurity,University of New Brunswick and benign apps from Google Play.A machine learning algorithm is used to determine whether amobile banking application ismalicious based on its permission ***,an eXplainable machine learning(XML)approach is developed to improve trust by explaining the reasoning behind the algorithm’s *** evaluation tests that the approach can effectively and practically identify mobile banking malware with high precision and reduced false ***,the adapted artificial neural networks(ANN),convolutional neural networks(CNN)and XML approaches achieve a higher accuracy of 99.7%and the adapted deep neural networks(DNN)approach achieves 99.6%accuracy in comparison with the state-of-the-art *** promising results position the proposed approach as a potential tool for real-world scenarios,offering a robustmeans of identifying and thwarting malware inmobile-based banking ***,MoBShield has the potential to significantly enhance the security and trustworthiness of

关键词： Security malware detection deep learning convolutional neural networks deep neural networks

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Experimental design of paraffin/methylated melamine-formaldehyde microencapsulated composite phase change material and the application in battery thermal management system

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 124-136页

作者： Que Huang Silong Wang Jichun He Dengji Xu safaa NAbdou Mohamed MIbrahim Shiqi Sun Yanjun Chen Handong Li Ben Bin Xu Changcheng Liu Zeinhom M.El-Bahy Zhanhu Guo School of Environment and Safety Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China Institute of Advanced Energy Materials and Systems North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410010China School of Medical and BioInformation Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Department of Chemistry Khurmah University CollegeTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Mechanical and Construction Engineering Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE18STUK College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityNasr City 11884CairoEgypt

In order to maintain the optimal operating temperature of the battery surface and meet the demand for thermal storage technology,battery thermal management system based on phase change materials has attracted increasing *** this work,a kind of core-shell structured microcapsule was synthesized by an in-situ polymerization,where paraffin was used as the core,while methanol was applied to mod-ify the melamine-formaldehyde shell to reduce toxicity and improve thermal ***,three different types of heat conductive fillers with the same content of 10 wt.%,i.e.,nano-al_(2)O_(3),nano-ZnO and carbon nanotubes were added,generating *** microcapsules were uniform,and were not affected by the thermal fillers,which were evenly dispersed *** composite sample with carbon nanotubes(10 wt.%)showed the highest thermal conductivity of 0.50 W/(m K)and latent heat of 139.64 J/***,according to the leakage testing and battery charge/discharge experiments,compared with al_(2)O_(3)and ZnO,the addition of carbon nanotubes remarkably enhances the heat storage ability as latent heat from 126.98 J/g for the prepared sample with al_(2)O_(3)and 125.86 J/g for the one with ZnO,then to 139.64 J/g,as well as dissipation performance as a cooling effect by decreasing the sur-face temperature of battery from 2%to 12%of microcapsule,composite sample with carbon nanotubes presents a broad application prospect in battery thermal management system and energy storage field.

关键词： Microcapsule Phase change material Battery Carbon nanotube Safety

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Kaoline-based catalyst for a high stability desulfurization of sour heavy naphtha in a three-phase oscillatory baffled reactor

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 249-260页

作者： Hassan M.Hmood Saba A.Gheni safaa M.R.Ahmed Mudheher M.ali Hamid Yonis Saleh Mohammed H.Mohammed Awad E.Mohammed Marwan A.Mahomood Hiba R.Mohammed Ahmed A.Hassan Adam Harvey North Refineries Company Ministry of OilIraq Chemical Engineering Department Tikrit UniversityIraq Ministry of Oil Iraq al-Hawija Technical Institute Northern Technical UniversityMoselIraq School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityUK

To meet the rapidly increasing demand for energy and the dramatic depletion of conventional crude oil,it is imperative to utilize sour *** no coke being produced,oxidative desulfurization(ODS)of naphtha lowers its sulfur content and average molecular *** this article,we outline a method for heavy naphtha non-extractive ODS using a very stable *** technique involves the use of a solid catalyst with oxygen gas as the *** necessitated relatively high mixing intensities;hence a three-phase Oscillatory Baffled Reactor(OBR)was *** catalyst was based on the zeolite ZSM-5,prepared from natural kaolin by a series of delamination and activation steps and impregnated with Fe.A TiO2 nanolayer was applied,using the sol-gel method,to prevent rapid *** reactor performance was evaluated to minimize the sulfur content in the naphtha *** to the protective coating,the sulfur conversion stabilized at 90%.The results of this work establish the use of natural clay-based catalysts in a continuous,three-phase ODS,particularly with regard to proving long-term *** also showed that modest ODS can be achieved using an environmentally friendly oxidant,at mild operating conditions,whilst maintaining stability.

关键词： Natural kaoline Desulfurization Three-phase Oscillatory baffled reactor

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A graph based system for multi-stage attacks recognition

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High Technology Letters 2008年第2期14卷 167-173页

作者： safaa O.al-Mamory School of Computer Science Harbin Institute of technologyHarbin 150001P.R.China

Building attack scenario is one of the most important aspects in network *** paper pro-posed a system which collects intrusion alerts,clusters them as sub-attacks using alerts abstraction,ag-gregates the similar sub-attacks,and then correlates and generates correlation *** scenarios wererepresented by alert classes instead of alerts themselves so as to reduce the required rules and have the a-bility of detecting new variations of *** proposed system is capable of passing some of the *** evaluate system effectiveness,it was tested with different datasets which contain *** and easily understandable Correlation graphs which reflect attack scenarios were *** proposed system can correlate related alerts,uncover the attack strategies,and detect newvariations of attacks.

关键词： network security intrusion detection alert correlation attack graph scenario clus-tering

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Efficiency of Bio-Fertilizing as One of the Natural alternatives to Improve the Growth of Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni Trees and for Sustainability

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 292-310页

作者： safaa A. S. Ghorab Nashwa H. Mohamed Nader A. El-Shanhorey Nabal S. El-Shahat Amr R. Rabie Forestry and Timber Trees Department Horticulture Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Ismailia Egypt Forestry and Timber Trees Department Horticulture Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Alexandria Egypt Botanical Gardens Department Horticulture Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Alexandria Egypt Forestry and Timber Trees Department Horticulture Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Giza Egypt

A field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Research Station, Ismailia Governorate from 2020-2022 to improve the growth of Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni by using a combination of mineral fertilizer (NPK) and biological fertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megatherium, and Bacillus circulant) as recommended dose under new sandy soils conditions. Split plot designed with four treatments (Control, (50% Mineral fertilizer (M.) + 50% Biological fertilizer (Bio.)), 100% M. and 100% Bio.) of each species. Vegetative growth, leaf area, tree biomass, stored carbon, basal area, tree volume, and in the soil both of microbial account and mineral content were determined. The experimental results showed no significant differences between studied species among the most studied parameters except for Khaya senegalensis which gave the highest significant difference in root biomass and below-stored carbon than Swietenia mahagoni. Evidently, the highest significant growth parameters were 100% mineral fertilizer followed by (50% M. + 50% Bio.) as compared with control. No significant difference between 100% M. and (50% M. + 50% Bio.) of shoot dry biomass (15.19 and 12.02 kg, respectively) and above-stored carbon (0.28 and 0.22 Mt, respectively). Microbial account and mineral content in soil were improved after cultivation of tree species compared to before planting and control, especially with 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, a treatment containing 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bio-fertilizer has led to the ideal Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia mahagoni growth in sandy soil for cheaper and sustainable.

关键词： Khaya senegalensis Swietenia mahagoni Mineral Fertilizer Bio-Fertilizer Growth Parameters Tree Biomass Stored Carbon Sustainable

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Trends of central line-associated bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit in the Kingdom of Bahrain:Four years’experience

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2021年第5期10卷 220-231页

作者： safaa al-khawaja Nermin Kamal Saeed Sanaa al-khawaja Nashwa Azzam Mohammed al-Biltagi The Infection Disease Unit Department of Internal MedicineSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama P.O.Box 12Bahrain Department of Internal Medicine Arabian Gulf UniversityKingdom of BahrainManama P.O.Box 26671Bahrain The Medical Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama P.O.Box 12Bahrain The Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentIrish Royal College of SurgeonManama P.O.Box 15503Bahrain The Intensive Care Unit Salmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama P.O.Box 12Bahrain The High Institute of Public Health Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt The Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama P.O.Box 26671Bahrain Pediatric Department Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta P.O.Box 31512AlghrabiaEgypt

BACKGROUND The central venous line is an essential component in monitoring and managing critically ill ***,it poses patients with increased risks of severe infections with a higher probability of morbidity and *** To define the trends of the rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections(CLABSI)over four years,its predicted risk factors,aetiology,and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated *** The study was a prospective case-control study,performed according to the guidelines of the Center for Disease Control surveillance methodology for CLABSI in patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit(ICU)and auditing the implementation of its prevention *** Thirty-four CLABSI identified over the study period,giving an average CLABSI rate of 3.2/1000 central line *** infection's time trend displayed significant reductions over time concomitantly with the CLABSI prevention bundle's reinforcement from 4.7/1000 central line days at the beginning of 2016 to 1.4/1000 central line days by *** most frequently identified pathogens causing CLABSI in our ICU were gram-negative organisms(59%).The most common offending organisms were Acinetobacter,Enterococcus,and Staphylococcus epidermidis,each of them accounted for 5 cases(15%).Multidrug-resistant organisms contributed to 56%of *** rate was higher when using femoral access and longer hospitalisation duration,especially in the *** of the central line in the non-ICU setting was another identified risk *** Implementing the prevention bundles reduced CLABSI significantly in our *** the CLABSI prevention bundle is crucial to maintain a substantial reduction in the CLABSI rate in the ICU setting.

关键词： Bloodstream infection Central line Intensive Care Unit Microbiology Prevention bundle Kingdom of Bahrain

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Influence of loading ratio on flat slab connections at elevated temperature:A numerical study

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 664-674页

作者： Rwayda Kh.S.al-HAMD Martin GILLIE safaa Adnan MOHAMAD Lee S.CUNNINGHAM Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering DepartmentSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering Deparment College of EngineeringAl-Nahrain UniversityBaghdad 10011Iraq Deparment of Mechanical and Consrruction Engineering Northumbria UniversityNewcastleNE18STUK Department of Highway and Transporation Engineering Al-Mustansiriyah UniversityBaghdad 10011lraq

For reinforced concrete members subjected to high temperature,the degree of in-service loading,commonly expressed as the loading ratio,can be highly influential on the structural *** particular,the loading ratio may be pivotal in relation to the phenomenon of load-induced thermal *** its potentially pivotal role,to date,the influence of the loading ratio on both material and structural behavior has not been explored in *** practice,real structures experience variation in imposed loading during their service life and it is important to understand the likely response at elevated temperatures across the loading *** this paper,the effect of the loading ratio is numerically investigated at both material and structural level using a validated finite element *** model incorporates a proposed constitutive model accounting for load-induced thermal strain and this is shown to outperform the existing Eurocode 2 model in terms of *** the validated model,the specific case of flats slabs and the associated connections to supporting columns at various loading ratios are *** the cases examined,a marked difference in the structural behavior including displacement direction was captured from low to high loading ratios consistent with experimental observations.

关键词： concrete finite clements fire load-induced thermal strain punching shear

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A critical review of microbially induced carbonate precipitation for soil stabilization:The global experiences and future prospective

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Pedosphere 2023年第5期33卷 717-730页

作者： safaa M.EZZAT Microbiology Department Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring(CLEQM)National Water Research Center(NWRC)El-Kanater 13621/6Egypt

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)is a new technology having the potential to induce soil stabilization and provide a green and sustainable comprehensive solution to some geotechnical engineering problems in the *** present article is dedicated to present a critical review of this technology and discuss its mechanisms of action and the key factors influencing its *** global experiences and national participation from Egypt are demonstrated,in addition to attempts for real life *** review provides an insight into the practical steps taken to mitigate some of the current limitations of MICP application and the identified gaps in analogous *** was concluded that integrating MICP with existing technologies would favor both engineering needs and market *** addition,providing effective solutions to MICP limitations would highlight this technology as an eco-friendly and cost-effective option to several engineering ***,recommendations focused on encouraging global collaboration for knowledge transfer about this technology among different countries,as well as positive financial support from industrial entities to aid in the progress of scientific research and achieving large-scale applications in the near future,are provided.

关键词： biocementation calcite geotechnical engineering urease activity ureolytic bacteria

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