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A Systematic Review of Observational Studies, Demonstrating Smoking among School Going Adolescents

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2019年第2期9卷 173-189页

作者： Shafquat Rozi Gillian Lancaster sadia Mahmud Zahid Ahmad butt Talat Roome Nida Zahid Department of Community Health Sciences Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics Lancaster University Lancashire United Kingdom Visiting Faculty Department of Medicine Consultancy Department of Pediatrics & Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Department of Pathology Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan Department of Surgery Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan

Objective: To characterize the methods of design and analysis currently adopted in survey research of school-based observational studies for smoking, and to identify the common pitfalls made by researchers. Methods: The systematic review was conducted in 2009 and consisted of observational studies in school settings published between January 2005 and January 2009. Smoking status was the main outcome of interest. Following Cochrane style, five steps were followed: setting selection criteria for studies and conducting a literature search;review of abstracts;review of complete articles;data extraction and quality assessment of included studies;and, finally, synthesis of studies. Results: Of the 292 abstracts retrieved, 45 (15.4%) articles were selected for the final review. Inconsistencies were found in the definition of smoking behaviour which impeded generalisability. Individual-level factors had importance, but environmental level factors were also important in studying the aetiology of smoking. Results showed that studies inappropriately reported sample size estimation and important confounding factors. Hierarchical linear modelling, random effects modelling and structural equation modelling were employed in comparatively few studies. Conclusions: There were concerns regarding data analysis of complex surveys. Fifty five percent of reviewed studies ignored environmental effects which may have produced unreliable inferences. Multi-level analysis assisted in understanding school-level effects.

关键词： Adolescent Smoking Observational Studies School-Based Survey

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Viral hepatitis in Pakistan:challenges and priorities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第3期5卷 190-191页

作者： sadia Ashraf Aftab Ahmad National Academy of Young Scientists(NAYS) University of the PunjabQuaid-i-Azam Campus

Hepatitis B and C are big health issues worldwide as more than 400 million people arc suffering from chronic hepatitis B and C which result in more than 1.4 million deaths each *** to a study done by Pakistan Medical Research Council in 2007-08,7.6%Pakistani population suffered with hepatitis B and *** around 4.8%with hepatitis C *** of Pakistan has taken different initiatives like vaccination,patient safety,blood screening,education and awareness about disease but still there is high prevalence of hepatitis in *** to some studies injecting drug users have the highest prevalence of hepatilis B and C in the *** follow-up studies and documentation of hepatitis patients was not very good which need to be *** is no recent large scale study on risk factors and prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Pakistan so it should be done on an urgent *** government set up regional laboratories for prevalence study and also a central institute for hepatitis research and treatment,the disease could be prevented in better and proper *** treatment of hepatitis is very costly and a developing country like Pakistan cannot afford such high *** more focus should be on preventive measures.

关键词： Hepatitis Prevalence Treatment Laboratories Risk groups

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Role of Fuzzy Approach towards Fault Detection for Distributed Components

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1979-1996页

作者： Yaser Hafeez sadia Ali Nz Jhanjhi Mamoona Humayun Anand Nayyar Mehedi Masud University Institute of Information Technology Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindiPakistan School of Computer Science and Engineering SCETaylor’s UniversitySubang JayaMalaysia Department of Information systems College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySaudi Arabia Graduate School Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Viet Nam Faculty of Information Technology Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Viet Nam Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

Component-based software development is rapidly introducing numerous new paradigms and possibilities to deliver highly customized software in a distributed *** other communication,teamwork,and coordination problems in global software development,the detection of faults is seen as the key ***,there is a need to ensure the reliability of component-based applications *** device detection faults applied to tracked components from various sources and failed to keep track of all the large number of components from different *** this study,we propose an approach for fault detection from componentbased systems requirements using the fuzzy logic approach and historical information during acceptance *** approach identified error-prone components selection for test case extraction and for prioritization of test cases to validate components in acceptance *** the evaluation,we used empirical study,and results depicted that the proposed approach significantly outperforms in component selection and acceptance *** comparison to the conventional procedures,i.e.,requirement criteria,and communication coverage criteria without irrelevancy and redundancy successfully outperform other ***,the F-measures of the proposed approach define the accurate selection of components,and faults identification increases in components using the proposed approach were higher(i.e.,more than 80 percent)than requirement criteria,and code coverage criteria procedures(i.e.,less than 80 percent),***,the rate of fault detection in the proposed approach increases,i.e.,92.80 compared to existing methods i.e.,less than 80 *** proposed approach will provide a comprehensive guideline and roadmap for practitioners and researchers.

关键词： Component-based software selection acceptance testing fault detection

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Greyscale based learning in BPNN for image restoration problem

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2013年第1期22卷 94-100页

作者： UMAR Farooq 闫雪梅 sadia Murawwat MUHAMMAD Imran School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology

A new method of back propagation learning with respect to the problem of image restora- tion which is named as greyscale based learning in back propagation neural networks （BPNN） is in- vestigated. It is observed that by using this method the value of mean square error （MSE） decreases significantly. In addition, this method also gives good visual results when it is applied in image resto- ration problem. This method is also useful to tackle the inherited drawback of falling into local mini- ma by reducing its effect on overall system by bifurcating the learning locally different for different grey scale values. The performance of this algorithm has been studied in detail with different combi- nations of weights. In short, this algorithm provides much better results especially when compared with the simple back propagation algorithm with any further enhancements and without going for hy- brid solutions.

关键词： greyscale based learning back propagation neural network(BPNN) image restoration

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Concomitant-chemoradiotherapy-associated oral lesions in patients with oral squamous-cell carcinoma

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第2期14卷 176-182页

作者： sadia Minhas Muhammad Kashif Wasif Altaf Nadeem Afzal Abdul Hanan Nagi Oral Pathology Department Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College Immunology Department University of Health SciencesPunjab Dentistry Department Fauji Foundation Hospital Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology Department University of Health SciencesPunjab

Objective:Oral squamous-cell carcinoma(OSCC)accounts for >90% of oral cancers affecting adults mostly between the fourth to seventh decades of *** most common OSCC treatment is concomitant chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)having both locoregional and distant control,but CCRT has acute and chronic toxic effects on adjacent normal *** study aimed to determine the side effects of CCRT on the oral mucosa and to characterize the clinicopathology of oral lesions in patients with ***:This descriptive,cross-sectional study was certified by the Ethical Review Committee(UHS/Education/126-12/2728)of the University of Health Sciences,Lahore,*** patients(n=81)with various histological subtypes,grades,and stages were recruited,and findings on their oral examination were *** patients received 70,90,and 119 Gy of radiotherapy dosages in combination with the chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and *** were analyzed using SPSS ***:The most common presentation of OSCC was a nonhealing ulcer(63%) involving tongue(55.6%).Clinical findings included mucositis(92.6%)and xerostomia of mild,moderate,and severe degrees in 11.1%,46.9%,and 35.8% cases,***(87.7%),palpable lymph nodes(64.2%),limited mouth opening(64.2%)and fistula(40.7%) were also *** females,the association of radiotherapy dosage with limited mouth opening,xerostomia,and histological grading was statistically significant(P<0.05).The association of chemotherapy drugs with xerostomia(P=0.003)was also statistically ***:CCRT induced mucositis,xerostomia,and trismus in patients with OSCC.

关键词：鳞状细胞癌化疗药物口腔癌治疗病变口腔粘膜临床表现组织学

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Inter-Observer Variability in the Interpretation of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET-CT Scan according to PROMISE Criteria

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Advances in Molecular Imaging 2022年第1期12卷 1-13页

作者： Amina Nasir Muhammad Numair Younis sadia Adnan Tahira Yasmin Ismat Fatima Abubaker Shahid Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad Pakistan Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Imaging Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore (INMOL) Lahore Pakistan Department of Clinical Oncology Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore (INMOL) Lahore Pakistan

Aims & Objectives: Aim of the study was to evaluate inter-observer variability in interpretation of Gallium-68 labeled Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen sub-type 11 (68Ga-PSMA-11) Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography PET_CT scan according to Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (PROMISE) criteria. Method and Materials: Forty-four consecutive patients of prostate cancer were prospectively studied between the duration of January 2021 to June 2021 at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL), Lahore. All PET-CT scans were assessed by a researcher and 3 nuclear physicians and divided into two groups, interpreted in two phases. In the first phase, each group independently evaluated the scans while in the second phase, a consensus meeting was held and all the cases with discordance were discussed. Cohen’s Kappa test was used to measure interobserver variability with the cut-off of K’s alpha Results: The study showed 41 out of 44 scans with positive PSMA findings while 03 scans were negative for any PSMA avid disease. In the first phase of image analysis, the level of agreement was slight in T stage (Kappa = 0.068, p = 0.65), moderate in the miN stage (Kappa = 0.46, p = 0.02) and substantial in miM stage (Kappa = 0.77, p ≤ 0.001) was seen. For PSMA score, overall agreement was substantial agreement (Kappa = 0.64, p Conclusion: Remarkable inter-observer agreement was seen in PROMISE criteria.

关键词： 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT PROMISE Criteria PSMA Score Inter-Observer Variability

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Remote Health Monitoring Using IoT-Based Smart Wireless Body Area Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 2499-2513页

作者： Farhan Aadil Bilal Mehmood Najam Ul Hasan Sangsoon Lim sadia Ejaz Noor Zaman Computer Science Department COMSATS University IslamabadAttock Campus43600Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dhofar UniversitySalalahOman Department of Computer Engineering Sungkyul UniversityAnyang430010Korea School of Computer Science and Engineering(SCE) Taylor’s UniversityMalaysia

A wireless body area network(WBAN)consists of tiny healthmonitoring sensors implanted in or placed on the human *** sensors are used to collect and communicate human medical and physiological data and represent a subset of the Internet of Things(IoT)*** are connected to medical servers that monitor patients’*** type of network can protect critical patients’lives due to the ability to monitor patients’health continuously and *** inter-WBAN communication provides a dynamic environment for patients allowing them to move ***,during patient movement,the WBAN patient nodes may become out of range of a remote base ***,to handle this problem,an efficient method for inter-WBAN communication is *** this study,a method using a cluster-based routing technique is *** the proposed method,a cluster head(CH)acts as a gateway between the cluster members and the external network,which helps to reduce the network’s *** clustering,the cluster’s lifetime is a vital parameter for network ***,to optimize the CH’s selection process,three evolutionary algorithms are employed,namely,the ant colony optimization(ACO),multi-objective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO),and the comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization(CLPSO).The performance of the proposed method is verified by extensive experiments by varying values of different parameters,including the transmission range,node number,node mobility,and grid size.A comprehensive comparative analysis of the three algorithms is conducted by extensive *** results show that,compared with the other methods,the proposed ACO-based method can form clusters more efficiently and increase network lifetime,thus achieving remarkable network and energy *** proposed ACO-based technique can also be used in other types of ad-hoc networks as well.

关键词： Wireless body area network clustering internet of things evolutionary algorithm ant colony optimization

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Are serum leptin levels predicted by lipoproteins, vitamin D and body composition?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第4期10卷 260-268页

作者： Aysha Habib Khan Syeda sadia Fatima Ahmed Raheem Lena Jafri Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Medicine Aga Khan University Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences Aga Khan University Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Aga Khan University

BACKGROUND Both obesity and vitamin D deficiency are important health issues in *** connection between body composition, Vitamin D and leptin in young adults is important to be studied as body composition may affect bone health and therefore the possibility of osteoporosis in later life. Few studies have attempted to investigate the effect of body composition and leptin with vitamin D in *** To investigate the association of serum leptin with body composition, lipids and25-hydroxyvitamin D(25 OHD) in *** This cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 apparently healthy *** were recorded, bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed and clinical history noted. Serum leptin was measured using DIA source kit on ELISA and total 25 OHD was measured on ADVIA-Centaur; Siemens. Total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were quantified using Enzymatic Endpoint Method and Cholesterol Oxidase-Phenol Aminophenazone method respectively. Biochemical analysis was done in the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi *** Median age of the group(n = 167) was 20 years(IQR 27-20); 55.7% were ***(89.2%, n = 149) of the study group was 25 OHD deficient, 6%(n = 10)had insufficient serum 25 OHD levels and 4.8%(n = 8) had sufficient D ***, had higher median leptin levels [2.71(IQR 4.76-1.66 ng/mL)] compared to their counterparts [1.3(3.60-0.54 ng/mL), P < 0.01]. Multiple regression analysis suggested that basal metabolic rate, muscle mass, body fat percent, bone mass and serum 25 OHD were the most contributing factors to serum leptin levels. Bone mass and serum 25 OHD in fact bore a negative correlation with *** The results indicate that basal metabolic rate, muscle mass, body fat percent, bone mass and serum 25 OHD have an impact on serum leptin. Being a cross sectional study causal relati

关键词： Leptin Vitamin D Obesity Vitamin D deficiency Body fat

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The Hyperbolic Two Temperature Semiconducting Thermoelastic Waves by Laser Pulses

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3601-3618页

作者： Ismail M.Taye Kh.Lotfy A.A.El-Bary Jawdat Alebraheem sadia Asad Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah University11952Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceZagazig UniversityZagazigEgyp t 3Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime TransportAlexandriaEgypt Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceTaibah UniversityMadinahSaudi Arabia National Committee for Mathematics Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyCairoEgypt

A novel model of a hyperbolic two-temperature theory is investigated to study the propagation the thermoelastic waves on semiconductor *** governing equations are studied during the photo-excitation processes in the context of the photothermal *** outer surface of o semiconductor medium is illuminated by a laser *** generalized photo-thermoelasticity theory in two dimensions(2D)deformation is used in many models(Lord–Shulman(LS),Green–Lindsay(GL)and the classical dynamical coupled theory(CD)).The combinations processes between the hyperbolic two-temperature theory and photo-thermoelasticity theory under the effect of laser pulses are obtained *** harmonic wave technique is used to obtain the exact solutions of the main physical fields under *** mechanical,thermal and recombination plasma loads are applied at the free surface of the medium to obtain the complete solutions of the basic physical *** comparisons are made between the three thermoelastcity theories under the electrical effect of thermoelectric coupling *** influence of hyperbolic two-temperature,two-temperature and one temperature parameters on the distributions of wave propagation of physical fields for semiconductor silicon(Si)medium is shown graphically and discussed.

关键词： Photo-thermo-elasticity theory semiconductors laser pulses hyperbolic two temperature harmonic waves thermo-elastic waves

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Assessment of Drinking Water Quality Served in Different Restaurants at Islam Nagor Road Adjacent to Khulna University Campus, Bangladesh

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第9期11卷 252-267页

作者： sadia Islam Mou Sadhon Chandra Swarnokar Sourav Ghosh Md. Tamjidul Ridwan Khandoker Faiaz Ishtiak Environmental Science Discipline Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh

Potable water is a growing requirement for sound health as contaminated water and water-borne pathogens pose serious health risks to human beings. Considering this issue, the current study aimed to assess the drinking water quality served in different restaurants close to the Khulna University campus in Bangladesh. A total number of ten drinking water samples were collected from different restaurants. Afterward, the collected water samples were analyzed to examine the physico-chemical properties and microbiological contamination of the water samples. Besides, microbial properties such as Total Coliform (TC), Fecal Coliform (FC), and E. coli were analyzed by the Membrane Filtration (MF) technique. The findings suggest that all the physico-chemical attributes were within the permissible limits regarding recommended Bangladesh standards and WHO guidelines. But in case of EC, 40% of the samples exceeded the WHO permissible limits and for sodium, 10% of samples exceeded both the BD and WHO standards. In addition, the results disclosed that the drinking water served in different restaurants was contaminated by TC, FC, and E. coli. It is observed that 100% of the samples were contaminated by TC and FC whereas 70% of the samples were contaminated by E. coli. Consequently, it is clearly evident that the water is considered suitable with respect to physico-chemical analysis but this drinking water is unfit for consumption while taking into account its microbiological quality. The total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli count attests to the fact that anyone can become harmed at any moment by ingesting water from roadside restaurants. Finally, due to bacterial contamination, the served drinking water in these places doesn’t meet safe and suitable water excellence, therefore, consumption of this water is deleterious to public health.

关键词： Physico-Chemical Attributes Microbial Contamination Coliform Restaurants Acceptable Limits Bangladesh

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