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Critical cooling rate on carbide precipitation during quenching of austenitic manganese steel

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China Foundry 2010年第2期7卷 178-182页

作者： Youn-Soo ham Jeong-Tae Kim Si-Young Kwak Jeong-Kil Choi Woo-Young Yoon Daeyang R-Tech.Co. Ltd290-28Daehwa-DongDaeduk-GuDaejeonKorea e-Design Center KITECH7-47Songdo-DongYeonsu-GuIncheon 406-800Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversityAnam-DongSeongbuk-GuSeoul 136-701Korea

Critical cooling rate to avoid carbide precipitation during quenching of austenitic manganese steel was investigated by means of optical microscopy,image analyzer and numerical *** efficient heat treatment analysis program including temperature-dependent material properties was developed for the prediction of cooling rate and probability of carbide precipitation during quenching by finite difference ***-dependent heat transfer coefficient was adopted to achieve more precise *** ratio of carbide precipitation was measured by image analyzer to determine the critical point of carbide ***-dependent critical cooling rate at that point was calculated by the developed numerical ***,the probability of carbide precipitation on the whole area of specimen can be predicted by the proposed numerical program and the numerical result of a specimen was compared with the experimental result.

关键词： austenitic manganese steel carbide precipitation quenching critical cooling rate

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Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β-keto Esters Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts, a Case Study for Comparison of Different Catalytic Methodologies

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2010年第8期4卷 1-20页

作者： adi Wolfson Dorith Tavor Green Processes Center Chemical Engineering Department Sami Shamoon College of Engineering Bialik/Basel Sts. Beer-Sheva 84100 Israel

The asymmetric reduction of β-keto esters to their corresponding hydroxy alcohols can be performed by employing homogeneous and heterogeneous chemo- and bio-catalysis. This review covers the scope and limitations of different catalysts and methodologies that were employed for the reaction and compare between them on the basis of catalytic performance, product separation and catalyst recycling procedure. In general, heterogeneous catalytic systems are advantageous from industrial point of views as they can be easily separated by filtration and re-used. Nickel modified with tartaric acid and sodium bromide was found to be suitable heterogeneous catalyst for the enantioselective hydrogenation, yet its performance is lower than this of homogeneous chiral metal catalysts such as Ru-BINAP. Heterogenization of the chiral complex via immobilization or entrapment using organic and inorganic supports was thus tested. However, though the resulted heterogeneous analogues were highly enantioselective and could be re-used, the activity of the system is often very low compared to homogeneous system due to mass transfer limitations. Alternatively, performing liquid phase hydrogenation under homogeneous conditions, using Ru-BINAP soluble derivatives, yielded high activit5＇ and enantioselectivity. Product separation and catalysts recycling were facilitated by either extraction of the product with solvent that does not dissolve the complex or by selective filtration of the product. Alternatively, precipitation of the complex at the end of the reaction was also reported.

关键词： Enantioselective hydrogenation β-keto ester Ru-BINAP catalyst heterogenization.

Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in noncentrosymmetric superlattices

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1164-1170页

作者： Woo Seung ham Abdul-Muizz Pradipto Kay Yakushiji Kwangsu Kim Sonny H.Rhim Kohji Nakamura Yoichi Shiota Sanghoon Kim Teruo Ono Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto UniversityUjiKyotoJapan Department of Physics Engineering Mie UniversityTsuMieJapan Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesia National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(aiST) TsukubaIbarakiJapan Department of Physics University of UlsanUlsanSouth Korea

Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction(DMI)is considered as one of the most important energies for specific chiral textures such as magnetic *** keys of generating DMI are the absence of structural inversion symmetry and exchange energy with spin–orbit ***,a vast majority of research activities about DMI are mainly limited to heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayer systems,only focusing on their ***,we report an asymmetric band formation in a superlattices(SL)which arises from inversion symmetry breaking in stacking order of atomic layers,implying the role of bulk-like *** bulk DMI is more than 300%larger than simple sum of interfacial ***,the asymmetric band is largely affected by strong spin–orbit coupling,showing crucial role of a heavy metal even in the non-interfacial origin of *** work provides more degrees of freedom to design chiral magnets for spintronics applications.

关键词： interaction symmetry chiral

全球儿科医学教育联合会：通过合作改善儿科医学教育和儿童健康

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中华儿科杂志 2010年第9期48卷 641-642页

作者：桂永浩 HazenP.ham 上海复旦大学儿科医院中华医学会儿科学分会 201102 美国儿科学会

2009年，全球16个国家的儿科医学教育的领导人代表着各自国家和地区的儿科医学教育、培训、论证的组织机构在德国的法兰克福开会，讨论了参会成员推动形成国际儿科医学教育和培训的核心标准和评价体系以此改善全球儿童保健和医疗的质量... 详细信息

2009年，全球16个国家的儿科医学教育的领导人代表着各自国家和地区的儿科医学教育、培训、论证的组织机构在德国的法兰克福开会，讨论了参会成员推动形成国际儿科医学教育和培训的核心标准和评价体系以此改善全球儿童保健和医疗的质量愿望。与会代表同意为此目的成立国际儿科医学教育联合会，美国儿科基金会董事会同意为此提供种子基金予以支持。国际儿科医学教育联合会的任务是，在各自国家或地区建立儿科学教育培训的严格标准，同时对制作的标准进行效度的评价，以确保教育培训的质量。所制定的相关标准将被用作成员国之间儿科专业人员培养的基本内容，并在适当时候向全球推广。

关键词：儿科医学教育儿童健康教育培训合作专业人员培养 2009年格标准组织机构

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A Consumer Choice Theory Incorporating Behavioral and Spiritual Wisdom

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Chinese Business Review 2014年第10期13卷 624-641页

作者： Tom adi Gaylene Nevers Readware Institute Gainesville USA Evan Business Consulting Honolulu USA

A consumer makes choices by following a certain paradigm, a system for organizing his thinking based on norms that are determined by certain norm-setters or role models. Widespread societal ills such as depression and suicide seem to correlate with certain types of consumer behavior. However, current consumer choice theories don＇t appear to be effective in evaluating epidemiology research. This study compares existing consumer choice paradigms and introduces the linguistic paradigm as a framework for studying the organization of human thinking. The linguistic paradigm is based on the nature of human language and on spiritual wisdom. The paradigm is implemented to generate models （process templates） for the analysis of selected consumer choice issues. The potential effectiveness of these models in analyzing consumer behavior is discussed.

关键词： consumer choices norms norm-setters role models semantics systems of thinking

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and gastrointestinal morbidity in a large cohort of young adults

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第42期26卷 6626-6637页

作者： Sivan Kedem Shlomit Yust-Katz Dan Carter Zohar Levi Ron Kedem adi Dickstein Salah Daher Lior H Katz Medical Corps Israeli Defense ForcesRamat-Gan 52621Israel Medical School Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalem 91120Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv 77096Israel Neuro-Oncology Unit Davidoff Cancer CenterRabin Medical CenterPetach Tikva 49100Israel Department of Gastroenterology Sheba Medical CenterRamat-Gan 52361Israel Department of Gastroenterology Beilinson HospitalRabin Medical CenterPetach Tikva 49100Israel Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalem 91120Israel

BACKGROUND Although the association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)with psychiatric disorders is well known,its association with somatic diseases is *** few studies have investigated the gastrointestinal(GI)morbidity in adult patients with *** To measure gastrointestinal comorbidity and its burden on healthcare in young adults with *** The cohort included subjects aged 17-35 years recruited to the Israel Defense Forces in 2007-2013,33380 with ADHD and 355652 without(controls).The groups were compared for functional and inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and clinic and specialist visits for gastrointestinal symptoms/disease during service(to 2016).Findings were analyzed by generalized linear models adjusted for background *** Compared to controls,the ADHD group had more diagnoses of functional gastrointestinal disorders(referred to as FGID),namely,dyspepsia[odds ratio(OR):1.48,95%confidence interval(CI):1.40-1.57,P<0.001],chronic constipation(OR:1.64,95%CI:1.48-1.81,P<0.001),and irritable bowel syndrome(OR:1.67,95%CI:1.56-1.80,P<0.001)but not of organic disorders(inflammatory bowel disease,celiac disease).They had more frequent primary care visits for gastrointestinal symptoms[rate ratio(RR):1.25,95%CI:1.24-1.26,P<0.001]and referrals to gastrointestinal specialists(RR:1.96,95%CI:1.88-2.03,P<0.001)and more episodes of recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms(RR:1.29,95%CI:1.21-1.38,P<0.001).Methylphenidate use increased the risk of dyspepsia(OR:1.49,95%CI:1.28-1.73,P<0.001)and constipation(OR:1.42,95%CI:1.09-1.84,P=0.009).CONCLUSION ADHD in young adults is associated with an excess of FGID and increased use of related health *** is needed to determine if an integrative approach treating both conditions will benefit these patients and cut costs.

关键词： Functional gastrointestinal disorders Irritable bowel syndrome Dyspepsia Constipation Adolescents

The distinct morphological phenotypes of Southeast Asian aborigines are shaped by novel mechanisms for adaptation to tropical rainforests

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National Science Review 2022年第3期9卷 85-95页

作者： Xiaoming Zhang Qi Liu Hui Zhang Shilei Zhao Jiahui Huang Tuot Sovannary Long Bunnath Hong Seang Aun ham Samnom Bing Su Hua Chen State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of Sciences China National Center for Bioinformation School of Future Technology and Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geography and Land Management Royal University of Phnom Penh Capacity Development Facilitator for Handicap International Federation and Freelance Research

Southeast Asian aborigines, the hunter-gatherer populations living in tropical rainforests, exhibit distinct morphological phenotypes, including short stature, dark skin, curly hair and a wide and snub nose. The underlying genetic architecture and evolutionary mechanism of these phenotypes remain a long-term mystery. We conducted whole genome deep sequencing of 81 Cambodian aborigines from eight ethnic groups. Through a genome-wide scan of selective sweeps, we discovered key genes harboring Cambodian-enriched mutations that may contribute to their phenotypes, including two hair morphogenesis genes(TCHH and TCHHL1), one nasal morphology gene(PAX3) and a set of genes(such as ENTPD1-AS1) associated with short stature. The identified new genes and novel mutations suggest an independent origin of the distinct phenotypes in Cambodian aborigines through parallel evolution, refuting the long-standing argument on the common ancestry of these phenotypes among the worldwide rainforest hunter-gatherers. Notably, our discovery reveals that various types of molecular mechanisms, including antisense transcription and epigenetic regulation, contribute to human morphogenesis, providing novel insights into the genetics of human environmental adaptation.

关键词： Cambodian aborigines environmental adaptation genomic polymorphism morphogenesis parallel evolution positive selection

Deep learning acceleration of multiscale superresolution localization photoacoustic imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第6期11卷 1166-1177页

作者： Jongbeom Kim Gyuwon Kim Lei Li Pengfei Zhang Jin Young Kim Yeonggeun Kim Hyung ham Kkim Lihong V.Wang Seungchul Lee Chulhong Kim Departments of Electrical Engineering Mechanical EngineeringConvergence IT Engineeringand Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringGraduate School of Artificial IntelligenceMedical Device Innovation CenterPohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)77 Cheongam-roNam-guPohangGyeongbuk 37673Republic of Korea Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 E.California Blvd.MC 138-78PasadenaCA 91125USA School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering Tianjin University92 Weijin RoadNankai DistrictTianjin 300072China Opticho 532CHANGeUP GROUND87 Cheongam-roNam-guPohangGyeongsangbuk 37673Republic of Korea

A superresolution imaging approach that localizes very small targets,such as red blood cells or droplets of injected photoacoustic dye,has significantly improved spatial resolution in various biological and medical imaging ***,this superior spatial resolution is achieved by sacrificing temporal resolution because many raw image frames,each containing the localization target,must be superimposed to form a sufficiently sampled high-density superresolution ***,we demonstrate a computational strategy based on deep neural networks(DNNs)to reconstruct high-density superresolution images from far fewer raw image *** localization strategy can be applied for both 3D label-free localization optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy(OR-PAM)and 2D labeled localization photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT).For the former,the required number of raw volumetric frames is reduced from tens to fewer than *** the latter,the required number of raw 2D frames is reduced by 12 ***,our proposed method has simultaneously improved temporal(via the DNN)and spatial(via the localization method)resolutions in both label-free microscopy and labeled ***-learning powered localization PA imaging can potentially provide a practical tool in preclinical and clinical studies requiring fast temporal and fine spatial resolutions.

关键词： Deep frames networks

Gene therapy that inhibits NF-κB results in apoptosis of human hepatocarcinoma by recombinant adenovirus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第33期12卷 5287-5292页

作者： Tie-Jun Li Li-Ping Jia Xiao-Ling Gao ai-Long Huang The 9th Hospital of Chongqing Beibei 400700 Chongqing China Institute for Viral Hepatitis Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China

aiM： To investigate whether the recombinant adenovirus induces the TNF-α-mediated apoptosis in vivo. METHODS： Human hepatocarcinoma cell line （HepG2） cells were transfected into BALB/c nude mice, and the tumor growth curve was drawn. We analyzed apoptosis in HepG2 cells by TUNEL, HE staining and electron microscopy. RESULTS： adiκBαM was expressed stably and efficiently in HepG2 and could not be degraded by induction of TNF-α. Tumor growth in mice could be reduced remarkably if treated by adiκBαM plus TNF-α. There was apoptosis of 〉 70% of cells treated with adiκBαM plus TNF-α and about 50% of cells treated with adiκBαM. In contrast, there was few cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells treated with phosphate buffered saline and adiκBαM. HepG2 cells in mice also exhibited a high level of apoptosis after in vivo injection with adiκBαM. The tumor growth curve indicated the tumor transfected with adiκBαM could be restrained. CONCLUSION： adiκBαM gene therapy greatly enhances apoptosis due to inhibition of an NF-κB-mediated antiapoptosis signaling pathway.

关键词： NF-κB IκBα Adenovirus