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The 2023 Turkey earthquake doublet: Earthquake relocation, seismic tomography, and stress field inversion

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第3期8卷 535-548页

作者： HuiLi Zhan Ling Bai Bagus adi Wibowo ChaoYa Liu Kazuo Oike Yuzo Ishikawa State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center of Earthquake and Tsunami Agency of MeteorologyClimatology and GeophysicsJakarta 10610Indonesia University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526Japan Shizuoka University Shizuoka 422-8529Japan

On February 6,2023,two earthquakes with magnitudes of M_(W) 7.8 and M_(W) 7.5 struck southeastern Turkey,causing significant casualties and economic *** seismic events occurred along the East Anatolian Fault Zone,a convergent boundary between the Arabian Plate and the Anatolian *** this study,we analyze the M_(W) 7.8 and M_(W) 7.5 earthquakes by comparing their aftershock relocations,tomographic images,and stress field *** earthquakes were localized in the upper crust and exhibited steep dip ***,the aftershocks occurred either close to the boundaries of low and high P-wave velocity anomaly zones or within the low P-wave velocity anomaly *** East Anatolia Fault,associated with the M_(W) 7.8 earthquake,and the SürgüFault,related to the M_(W) 7.5 earthquake,predominantly experienced shear ***,their western sections experienced a combination of strike-slip and tensile stresses in addition to shear *** ruptures of the M_(W) 7.8 and M_(W) 7.5 earthquakes appear to have bridged a seismic gap that had seen sparse seismicity over the past 200 years prior to the 2023 Turkey earthquake sequence.

关键词： Turkey earthquake doublet earthquake relocation seismic tomography stress field seismicity

Toward a Learnable Climate Model in the Artificial Intelligence Era

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1281-1288页

作者： Gang HUANG Ya WANG Yoo-Geun ham Bin MU Weichen TAO Chaoyang XIE State key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Environmental Planning Graduate School of Environmental StudiesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea School of Software Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Artificial intelligence(ai)models have significantly impacted various areas of the atmospheric sciences,reshaping our approach to climate-related *** this ai-driven transformation,the foundational role of physics in climate science has occasionally been *** perspective suggests that the future of climate modeling involves a synergistic partnership between ai and physics,rather than an“either/or”*** controversies around current physical inconsistencies in large ai models,we stress the critical need for detailed dynamic diagnostics and physical ***,we provide illustrative examples to guide future assessments and constraints for ai *** ai integration with numerical models,we argue that offline ai parameterization schemes may fall short of achieving global optimality,emphasizing the importance of constructing online ***,we highlight the significance of fostering a community culture and propose the OCR(Open,Comparable,Reproducible)*** a better community culture and a deep integration of physics and ai,we contend that developing a learnable climate model,balancing ai and physics,is an achievable goal.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning learnable climate model

Strong coupling and catenary field enhancement in the hybrid plasmonic metamaterial cavity and TMDC monolayers

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第5期7卷 20-32页

作者： Andergachew Mekonnen Berhe Khalil As’ham Ibrahim Al-Ani Haroldo T.Hattori Andrey E.Miroshnichenko School of Engineering and Technology University of New South Wales at CanberraNorthcott DriveCanberra ACT 2610Australia

Strong coupling between resonantly matched surface plasmons of metals and excitons of quantum emitters results in the formation of new plasmon-exciton hybridized energy *** plasmon-exciton strong coupling,plasmonic nanocavities play a significant role due to their ability to confine light in an ultrasmall ***,two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs) have a significant exciton binding energy and remain stable at ambient conditions,making them an excellent alternative for investigating light-matter *** a result,strong plasmon-exciton coupling has been reported by introducing a single metallic ***,single nanoparticles have lower spatial confinement of electromagnetic fields and limited tunability to match the excitonic ***,we introduce the concept of catenary-shaped optical fields induced by plasmonic metamaterial cavities to scale the strength of plasmon-exciton *** demonstrated plasmon modes of metallic metamaterial cavities offer high confinement and tunability and can match with the excitons of TMDCs to exhibit a strong coupling regime by tuning either the size of the cavity gap or *** calculated Rabi splitting of Au-MoSe_2 and Au-WSe_2 heterostructures strongly depends on the catenary-like field enhancement induced by the Au cavity,resulting in room-temperature Rabi splitting ranging between 77.86 and 320 me *** plasmonic metamaterial cavities can pave the way for manipulating excitons in TMDCs and operating active nanophotonic devices at ambient temperature.

关键词： catenary-shaped field enhancement strong coupling plasmon exciton Rabi splitting

Assessment of corrected time-step method for nominal ionospheric gradient calculation: A comparative analysis with spatial approaches

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第4期8卷 641-649页

作者： Slamet Supriadi Prayitno Abadi Susumu Saito Harry Bangkit Dwiko Unggul Prabowo adi Purwono Ginaldi Ari Nugroho Research Center for Smart Mechatronics National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere BRINBandungIndonesia School of Electrical Engineering Telkom UniversityKab.BandungIndonesia Electronic Navigation Research Institute National Institute of MaritimePort and Aviation TechnologyTokyoJapan Research Center for Space BRINBandungIndonesia

The effect of ionospheric delay on the ground-based augmentation system under normal conditions can be mitigated by determining the value of the nominal ionospheric gradient(σvig).The nominal ionospheric gradient is generally obtained from Continuously Operating Reference Stations data by using the spatial single-difference method(mixed-pair,station-pair,or satellite-pair)or the temporal single-difference method(time-step).The time-step method uses only a single receiver,but it still contains ionospheric temporal *** introduce a corrected time-step method using a fixed-ionospheric pierce point from the geostationary equatorial orbit satellite and test it through simulations based on the global ionospheric *** also investigate the effect of satellite paths on the corrected time-step method in the region of the equator,which tends to be in a more north–south direction and to have less coverage for the east–west ionospheric *** study also addresses the limitations of temporal variation correction coverage and recommends using only the correction from *** processes are developed under simulations because observational data are still difficult to *** findings demonstrate that the corrected time-step method yieldsσvig values consistent with other approaches.

关键词： ground-based augmentation system nominal ionospheric gradient time-step correction global ionospheric model

The Role of Plantain in Promoting Food Security: A Review

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 313-335页

作者： Doreen Dedo adi Department of Hospitality and Tourism Education Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Kumasi Ghana

Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of the crop, its nutritional significance and the technologies that can be adopted to enhance its utilisation at its senescent stage. In West Africa, plantains are eaten at all ripening stages, yet processing is limited to the unripe and semi-ripe. Adoptable technologies such as foam-mat drying will enhance its utilisation in indigenous meals and other food applications. This review provides useful insight to optimize the use of plantain to prevent food waste.

关键词： Food Security Plantain Foam-Mat Drying Ripening

Enhancement of vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited organic photovoltaics through the independent processing of additives

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 768-777页

作者： Damin Lee Changwoo Park Gayoung ham Young Yong Kim Sung-Nam Kwon Junyeong Lee Sungjin Jo Seok-In Na Hyojung Cha Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL) Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbuk 37673Republic of Korea Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju-siJeollabuk-do 54896Republic of Korea School of Energy Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea

Herein,the impact of the independent control of processing additives on vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited (SD) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and its subsequent effects on charge carrier kinetics at the electron donor-acceptor interface are *** film morphology exhibits notable variations,significantly depending on the layer to which 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) was *** incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals distinctly separated donor/acceptor phases and vertical crystallinity details in SD ***-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis is employed to obtain component distributions in diverse vertical phase structures of SD films depending on additive *** addition,nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy shows that DIO control significantly affects the dynamics of separated charges in SD *** SD OPVs,DIO appears to act through distinct mechanisms with minimal restriction,depending on the applied *** study emphasizes the significance of morphological optimization in improving device performance and underscores the importance of independent additive control in the advancement of OPV technology.

关键词： Sequential deposition Vertical phase separation Charge dynamics Organic photovoltaics Nonfullerene acceptors

Identification and Molecular Docking Mechanism of Novel Anti-Inflammatory Peptides from Lactobacillus paraplantarum Fermented Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) Seeds

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： LingYue Shan Akanksha Tyagi HunJu ham Deog Hwan Oh Department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kangwon National University Future F Biotech Co. Ltd Department of Biological Environment College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kangwon National University

The inflammatory response is a crucial physiological process that can lead to tissue damage and is considered a causative factor for various chronic diseases， such as rheumatoid arthritis. Recent research has focused on exploring valuable nutrients derived from Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) seeds， particularly hemp seed proteins. Therefore， this study aimed to investigate the release of anti-inflammatory peptides from Lactobacillus paraplantarum-fermented hemp seed proteins. To confirm the complete hydrolysis of hemp seed proteins during the fermentation process， SDS-PAGE was employed. Further， the isolation and purification of peptides were achieved through ultrafiltration. The identity of peptides was nextly established using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The results revealed a total of 39 identified peptides in fermented hemp seeds， with 9 peptides selected based on their relative quantity. Notably， AAELIGVP (P1)， AAVPYPQ (P2)， VFPEVAP (P4)， DVIGVPLG (P6)， and PVPKVL (P9) demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory abilities in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Molecular docking was used to understand the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of these five peptides， and in silico results indicated that P1， P2， P4， P6， and P9 could bind to the active sites of TLR-4， NF-kB， and IKK with higher binding energies. Overall， these findings indicate that hemp seeds have potential to be a source of bioactive peptides for functional foods with anti-inflammatory properties.

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Preparedness training programs improved the emergency response and crucial outcomes among nursing students:a scoping review

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Frontiers of Nursing 2024年第2期11卷 159-167页

作者： Budi Mulyana Rian adi Pamungkas Widia Sari Anita Sukarno Ernalinda Rosya Wiwik Wariani Department of Nursing Universitas Esa UnggulKebon JerukJakarta Barat 11510Indonesia Department of Nursing Wishan Global MedikaRoseville Soho&Suite#1612 Sunburst CBD Lot 1.8BSD Tangerang Selatan 15321Indonesia

Objective:The study aims to review and discuss the outcomes of emergency preparedness training programs among nursing ***:A scoping review was conducted based on the guidelines of Arskey and O’*** through PubMed,Science Direct,and Google Scholar were used to obtain the relevant articles within the scoping ***:The researchers found 1175 *** manual review,28 articles were identified and *** review reported that the emergency preparedness training program significantly affects preparedness,knowledge,performance,self-efficacy,learning motivation,self-confidence,satisfaction,critical decision-making,and ***:Emergency training effectively increases knowledge,skills,confidence,satisfaction,and team performance.

关键词： emergency preparedness first aid nursing students training program emergency response disaster management team performance

Interfacial engineering through lead binding using crown ethers in perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 263-270页

作者： Sun-Ju Kim YeonJu Kim Ramesh Kumar Chitumalla Gayoung ham Thanh-Danh Nguyen Joonkyung Jang Hyojung Cha Jovana Milić Jun-Ho Yum Kevin Sivula Ji-Youn Seo Department of Nano Fusion Technology Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Adolphe Merkle Institute University of FribourgCH-1700 FribourgSwitzerland

In the domain of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the imperative to reconcile impressive photovoltaic performance with lead-related issue and environmental stability has driven innovative *** study pioneers an approach that not only rectifies lead leakage but also places paramount importance on the attainment of rigorous interfacial *** ethers,notably benzo-18-crown-6-ether(B18C6),were strategically integrated at the perovskite-hole transport material *** ethers exhibit a dual role:efficiently sequestering and immobilizing Pb^(2+)ions through host-guest complexation and simultaneously establishing a robust interfacial passivation *** crown ether candidates,guided by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,demonstrated proficiency in binding Pb2+ions and optimizing interfacial *** devices incorporating these materials achieved exceptional power conversion efficiency(PCE),notably 21.7%for B18C6,underscoring their efficacy in lead binding and interfacial *** techniques,including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS),ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS),time-resolved photoluminescence(TRPL),and transient absorption spectroscopy(TAS),unequivocally affirmed Pb^(2+)ion capture and suppression of non-radiative ***,these PSCs maintained efficiency even after enduring 300 h of exposure to 85%relative *** research underscores the transformative potential of crown ethers,simultaneously addressing lead binding and stringent interfacial passivation for sustainable PSCs poised to commercialize and advance renewable energy applications.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Interfacial passivation Crown ether materials Stability