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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第6期25卷 704-715页

作者： Zeeshan Baig Othman Mamat Mazli Mustapha Asad Mumtaz sadaqat ali Mansoor Sarfraz Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Sustainable Energy Technologies Center College of Engineering King Saud University

The exceptional properties of graphene make it ideal as a reinforcement to enhance the properties of aluminum matrices and this critically depends on uniform dispersion. In this study, the dispersion issue was addressed by sonication and non-covalent surface functionalization of graphite nanoplatelets（GNPs） using two types of surfactant： anionic（sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate（SDBS）） and non-ionic polymeric（ethyl cellulose（EC））. After colloidal mixing with Al powder, consolidation was performed at two sintering temperatures（550 and 620°C）. The structure, density, mechanical and wear properties of the nanocomposite samples were investigated and compared with a pure Al and a pure GNPs/Al nanocomposite sample. Noticeably, EC-based 0.5 wt% GNPs/Al samples showed the highest increment of 31% increase in hardness with reduced wear rate of 98.25% at 620°C, while a 22% increase in hardness with reduced wear rate of 96.98% at 550°C was observed, as compared to pure Al. Microstructural analysis and the overall results validate the use of EC-based GNPs/Al nanocomposites as they performed better than pure Al and pure GNPs/Al nanocomposite at both sintering temperatures.

关键词： graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) aluminum nanocomposites surfactant hardness dispersion ultra-soincation sintering effects

Key mechanism of enzymatic dehairing technology for leather-making:permeation behaviors of protease into animal hide and the mechanism of charge regulation

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Collagen and Leather 2023年第3期5卷 123-140页

作者： Mengchu Gao Jinzhi Song Xu Zhang Chunxiao Zhang Biyu Peng sadaqat ali Chattha National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Department of Leather and Fiber Technology University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahore 54000Pakistan

Enzymes have been widely used as alternatives to conventional chemicals in cleaner leather processes due to their advantages of meeting increasing environmental ***,enzymatic unhairing based on protease has been applied to leather-making for a long time,however,it still has the key problem of slow permeation in the animal hide,resulting in slow unhairing rate,poor hair removal effect,excessive proteolysis of hide collagen,and decreased leather *** at the key problem of bio-unhairing technology,fluorescent labeling technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to investigate the protease permeation behaviors into the animal hide based on well-prepared labeled proteases,as well as the quantitative analysis of the protease amount in different hide *** results show that the protease mainly permeates the bovine hide through transfollicular routes from the hair side,and although the intercellular-interfibrillar pathway also exists,it does not play an important ***,the protease permeation behaviors into the hide are greatly impacted by the charge states of the hide and protease proteins,depending on the isoelectric points(pl)of the proteins and solution pH *** the solution pH is not between the pl values of the two proteins,the similarly charged protease can quickly and deeply penetrate the hide because of the electrostatic *** established mechanism provides a theoretical basis for developing an efficient enzymatic unhairing technology for leather-making,and this can also be applied to other processes involving the enzyme permeation into the hide or leather.

关键词： Protease Permeation Hair follicle Enzymatic dehairing

Application of acidic protease in the pickling to simplify the pelt bating process

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Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 2021年第1期3卷 298-311页

作者： Xu Zhang Mengchu Gao sadaqat ali Chattha Yiwen Zhu Biyu Peng Yongbin Ye National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Indus-try Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Educa-tion Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanPeople’s Republic of China Zhejiang Tongtianxing Group Joint-Stock Co. Ltd.Quzhou 324022ZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China

Traditionally,universally used pelt bating technologies rely on the application of trypsin,neutral and alkaline microbial proteases but suffer from complicated operation,limited bating efficiency and unsatisfac-tory leather ***,devising a new pelt bating approach to achieve high bating efficiency and excellent leather performance has always been wished for by the leather *** pursue this goal,years of persistent research work enabled us to develop a novel approach for pelt bating by means of acidic proteases in pickling ***,basic enzymatic characteristics and bating effectiveness of several typical acidic pro-teases in pelt pickling medium were investigated;then,the bating effectiveness through the quantitative charac-terization of protease activity of the optimal acidic protease was compared with that of the conventional bating *** results indicated that all of the selected acidic proteases had good salt-tolerance and exhibited optimum activity at pH 3.0–*** novel pickling-bating method based on microbial origin acidic protease L80A led to an outstanding performance on pelt bating at the dosage of 150 U/mL of collagenolytic *** bating effectiveness of acidic protease L80A was comparable to and even better than that of trypsin BEM due to its mod-erate proteolytic ***,the deep and even penetration of acidic protease in the pelt permitted it to produce soft,organoleptically stable and overall better quality crust leather than that of the conventional trypsin bating ***,pelt bating was performed along with the pickling process without extra inactiva-tion and washing operation,making the bating operation more efficient,economical,and environment *** had made us to conclude that this cutting-edge acidic proteases based pickling-bating method could be the first step/way forward to replace the decades-old traditional pelt bating technology.

关键词： Bating Trypsin Pickling Acidic protease Collagenolytic activity

Genuine entanglement under squeezed generalized amplitude damping channels with memory

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 158-163页

作者： Mazhar ali Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringIslamic University MadinahMadinah 107Saudi Arabia

We study genuine entanglement among three qubits undergoing a noisy process that includes dissipation, squeezing,and decoherence. We obtain a general solution and analyze the asymptotic quantum states. We find that most of these asymptotic states can be genuinely entangled depending upon the parameters of the channel, memory parameter, and the parameters of the initial states. We study Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ) states and W states, mixed with white noise,and determine the conditions for them to be genuinely entangled at infinity. We find that for these mixtures, it is possible to start with a bi-separable state(with a specific mixture of white noise) and end with genuine entangled states. However, the memory parameter μ must be very high. We find that in contrast to the two-qubit case, none of the three-qubit asymptotic states for n → ∞ are genuinely entangled.

关键词： genuine entanglement squeezed thermal baths multipartite states

Heat transfer analysis in particle-laden flows using the immersed boundary method

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 394-403页

作者： ali Abbas Zaidi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Manitoba75A Chancellors CircleWinnipegR3T 5V6Canada

This paper investigates an efficient immersed boundary method(IBM)for multiple-core CPU machines with local grid refinement for the calculation of heat transfer between fluids and finite-sized *** fluid momentum equations are solved by using the fractional step method,while the energy equation is solved by employing the second-order Adams-Bashforth *** efficient load balancing between the CPU cores,the coupling between particles and fluid is obtained by applying the body force in the fluid equations,which depends on the solid volume fraction of particles contained in each grid cell,and then by linearly interpolating the particle temperature and velocity on the fluid grid cell(in place of the delta function commonly used in literature).Several test cases from the literature are studied,and good agreement is observed between the simulation results and the ***,a scaling study on multiple core machines is performed,demonstrating the proposed IBM's capabilities for a significant reduction in processing time.

关键词： Heat transfer Immersed boundary method Particle resolved direct numerical simulations Fluid solid interactions

Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using DEM

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： ali Momeni Barry Clarke Yong Sheng ali Hassanpour WSP 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull University HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(DEM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle *** triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as ***,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain *** a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during *** paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2D DEM simulation of biaxial test using the PFC^(2D) *** investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of DEM biaxial tests are conducted,*** rigid and deformable lateral boundary *** DEM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear *** comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： Discrete element method Biaxial test Deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

Sensing the heavy water concentration in an H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture by solid-solid phononic crystals

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 493-498页

作者： Mohammadreza Rahimi ali Bahrami Optoelectronic and Nanophotonics Research Laboratory(ONRL) Faculty of Electrical EngineeringSahand University of TechnologyTabrizIran

A new method based on phononic crystals is presented to detect the concentration of heavy water(D_(2)O)in an H_(2)O-D_(2)O *** have been obtained and analyzed in the concentration range of 0%-10%and 90%-100%D_(2)O.A proposed structure of tungsten scatterers in an aluminum host is *** order to detect the target material,a cavity region is considered as a sound wave resonator in which the target material with different concentrations of D_(2)O is *** changing the concentration of D_(2)O in the H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture,the resonance frequency undergoes a frequency *** 1%change in D_(2)O concentration in the H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture causes a frequency change of about 120 *** finite element method is used as the numerical method to calculate and analyze the natural frequencies and transmission spectra of the proposed *** performance evaluation index shows a high Q factor up to 1475758 and a high sensitivity up to 13075,which are acceptable values for sensing *** other figures of merit related to the detection performance also indicate high-quality performance of the designed sensor.

关键词： phononic crystals sensor H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture cavity

Note on Lower Triassic Gondolelloid Conodont Rediversifications with Emphasis on the Spathian Recovery

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1236-1242页

作者： ali Murat Kilic Department of Geological Engineering Faculty of EngineeringBalikesir UniversityBalikesir99100Turkey

Conodonts,as a biotic group,next to ammonoids,pollen and spores,crustaceans and vertebrates,provide proxy clues for environment and age assessments of the rocks in which they *** are widely used for Triassic marine ***,there are various discussions about their multielement taxonomy and evolutionary lineages(e.g.,generation,speciation).Although first studies reported that most Triassic conodont species were unimembrate,studies carried out in the following years maintained that all Triassic conodonts were *** statistical reconstructions of a number of Triassic apparatuses were attempted,the discovery of fused clusters and natural assemblages has subsequently demonstrated that Triassic conodonts are indeed multimembrate,and all of the elements exist together in the same *** present paper aims to clarify the evolutionary relationship and array of some Lower Triassic *** dagisi *** described.

关键词： Triassic Spathian conodont Columbitella Siberia environmental geology

Experimental Study on Heat Storage Properties Comparison of Paraffin/Metal Foams Phase Change Material Composites

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar AHMED Abid HUSSAIN Hanzla SHAHID Imran ali Hafiz Muhammad ali Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mechanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage *** thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal foam/PCM *** addition of metal foam in PCMs has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of *** this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCM composites were experimentally *** behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was *** was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin *** temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally *** comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat *** results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/metal foam composite temperature uniformity heat storage rate phase transition process

A methodology for damage evaluation of underground tunnels subjected to static loading using numerical modeling

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 1993-2005页

作者： Shahriyar Heidarzadeh ali Saeidi Rock Mechanics Engineer AtkinsRéalisMontrealQuebecCanada Department of Applied Sciences Universitédu QuébecàChicoutimiChicoutimiQuebecCanada

We have proposed a methodology to assess the robustness of underground tunnels against potential *** involves developing vulnerability functions for various qualities of rock mass and static loading *** account for these variations,we utilized a Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)technique coupled with the finite difference code FLAC^(3D),to conduct two thousand seven hundred numerical simulations of a horseshoe tunnel located within a rock mass with different geological strength index system(GSIs)and subjected to different states of static *** quantify the severity of damage within the rock mass,we selected one stress-based(brittle shear ratio(BSR))and one strain-based failure criterion(plastic damage index(PDI)).Based on these criteria,we then developed fragility ***,we used mathematical approximation techniques to produce vulnerability functions that relate the probabilities of various damage states to loading intensities for different quality classes of blocky rock *** results indicated that the fragility curves we obtained could accurately depict the evolution of the inner and outer shell damage around the ***,we have provided engineers with a tool that can predict levels of damages associated with different failure mechanisms based on variations in rock mass quality and in situ stress *** method is a numerically developed,multi-variate approach that can aid engineers in making informed decisions about the robustness of underground tunnels.

关键词： Fragility curves Underground tunnels Vulnerability functions Brittle damage FLAC3D Numerical modeling