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Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture:An emerging semiconductor platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward hydrogen

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第1期18卷 56-79页

作者： Yixin LI Sharif Md.sadaf Baowen ZHOU Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of the Ministry of Education Research Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Centre Energie Matériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS)-Universitédu Québec1650 Boulevard Lionel-BouletVarennesQuébec J3X1S2Canada

Sunlight-powered water splitting presents a promising strategy for converting intermittent and virtually unlimited solar energy into energy-dense and storable green hydrogen.Since the pioneering discovery by Honda and Fujishima,considerable efforts have been made in this research area.Among various materials developed,Ga(X)N/Si(X=In,Ge,Mg,etc.)nanoarchitecture has emerged as a disruptive semiconductor platform to split water toward hydrogen by sunlight.This paper introduces the characteristics,properties,and growth/synthesis/fabrication methods of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture,primarily focusing on explaining the suitability as an ideal platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward green hydrogen fuel.In addition,it exclusively summarizes the recent progress and development of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting.Moreover,it describes the challenges and prospects of artificial photosynthesis integrated device and system using Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitectures for solar water splitting toward hydrogen.

关键词： Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture artificial photosynthesis water splitting solar toward hydrogen

Inadvertent Laparoelytrotomy During the Second-Stage Cesarean Section:Relooking the Lost Art and Proposing Surgical Management and Prevention Strategies

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第1期6卷 9-12页

作者： Krystal Koh Shahul hameed Mohamed Sira Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology KK Women’s and Children’s HospitalSingapore 229899Singapore

Introduction Laparoelytrotomy,or anterior vaginotomy,describes a transverse vaginal incision.It has been described since the 19th century1–3 as a method of delivering the fetus during a second stage cesarean section(CS).4,5 More recently,reports have been published on inadvertent laparoelytrotomy during emergency CS at full cervical dilatation,due to the anatomical changes that occur with prolonged duration of obstructed labor.

关键词： Cesarean section Laparoelytrotomy Labor

Endoscopic treatment of scarred polyps with a non-thermal device(Endorotor):A review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1706-1713页

作者： Mariam Zaghloul hameed Rehman Stefano Sansone Konstantinos Argyriou Adolfo Parra-Blanco Department of Hepatology Gastroenterology and Infectious DiseasesKafrelsheikh UniversitKafr-Elshikh 33516Egypt Department of Gastroenterology Service Nottingham City Hospital CampusNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottingham NG51PBUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41334Greece NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of NottinghamNottingham NG72UHUnited Kingdom

Endoscopic resection(ER)of colorectal polyps has become a daily practice in most endoscopic units providing a colorectal cancer screening program and requires the availability of local experts and high-end endoscopic devices.ER procedures have evolved over the past few years from endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)to more advanced techniques,such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and endo-scopic full-thickness resection.Complete resection and disease eradication are the ultimate goals of ER-based techniques,and novel devices have been developed to achieve these goals.The EndoRotor®Endoscopic Powered Resection System(Interscope Medical,Inc.,Northbridge,Massachusetts,United States)is one such device.The EndoRotor is a powered resection tool for the removal of alimentary tract mucosa,including post-EMR persistent lesions with scarring,and has both CE Mark and FDA clearance.This review covers available published evidence documenting the usefulness of EndoRotor for the management of recurrent colorectal polyps.

关键词： EndoRotor Scarred polyps Recurrent polyps Colorectal cancer Colorectal polyps

Comprehensive analysis of glacier recession(2000-2020)in the Nun-Kun Group of Glaciers,Northwestern Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 768-785页

作者： Shakil Ahmad ROMSHOO Ummer AMEEN Mustafa hameed BHAT Tariq ABDULLAH Department of Geoinformatics University of KashmirSrinagarKashmir 190006India Islamic University of Science and Technology AwantiporaKashmir 192122India Centre of Excellence for Glacier Studies in the Western Himalaya University of KashmirSrinagarKashmir 190006India

Himalayan glaciers are shrinking rapidly,especially after 2000.Glacier shrinkage,however,shows a differential pattern in space and time,emphasizing the need to monitor and assess glacier changes at a larger scale.In this study,changes of 48 glaciers situated around the twin peaks of the Nun and Kun mountains in the northwestern Himalaya,hereafter referred to as Nun-Kun Group of Glaciers(NKGG),were investigated using Landsat satellite data during 2000-2020.Changes in glacier area,snout position,Equilibrium Line Altitude(ELA),surface thickness and glacier velocity were assessed using remote sensing data supplemented by field observations.The study revealed that the NKGG glaciers have experienced a recession of 4.5%±3.4%and their snouts have retreated at the rate of 6.4±1.6 m·a^(-1).Additionally,there was a 41%increase observed in the debris cover area during the observation period.Using the geodetic approach,an average glacier elevation change of-1.4±0.4 m·a^(-1)was observed between 2000 and 2012.The observed mass loss of the NKGG has resulted in the deceleration of glacier velocity from 27.0±3.7 m·a^(-1)in 2000 to 21.2±2.2 m·a^(-1)in 2020.The ELA has shifted upwards by 83.0±22 m during the period.Glacier morphological and topographic factors showed a strong influence on glacier recession.Furthermore,a higher recession of 12.9%±3.2%was observed in small glaciers,compared to 2.7%±3.1%in larger glaciers.The debris-covered glaciers showed lower shrinkage(2.8%±1.1%)compared to the clean glaciers(9.3%±5%).The glacier depletion recorded in the NKGG during the last two decades,if continued,would severely diminish glacial volume and capacity to store water,thus jeopardizing the sustainability of water resources in the basin.

关键词： Nun-Kun range Glacier recession Glacier snout Remote Sensing Himalaya Glacier velocity

Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Improved Deep Learning Models

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1049-1069页

作者： Sumaya S.Sulaiman Ibraheem Nadher Sarab M.hameed Computer Science Department Al-Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdad10001Iraq Computer Science Department University of BaghdadBaghdad10001Iraq Faculty of Basic Education Al-Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdad10001Iraq

Fraud of credit cards is a major issue for financial organizations and individuals.As fraudulent actions become more complex,a demand for better fraud detection systems is rising.Deep learning approaches have shown promise in several fields,including detecting credit card fraud.However,the efficacy of these models is heavily dependent on the careful selection of appropriate hyperparameters.This paper introduces models that integrate deep learning models with hyperparameter tuning techniques to learn the patterns and relationships within credit card transaction data,thereby improving fraud detection.Three deep learning models:AutoEncoder(AE),Convolution Neural Network(CNN),and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)are proposed to investigate how hyperparameter adjustment impacts the efficacy of deep learning models used to identify credit card fraud.The experiments conducted on a European credit card fraud dataset using different hyperparameters and three deep learning models demonstrate that the proposed models achieve a tradeoff between detection rate and precision,leading these models to be effective in accurately predicting credit card fraud.The results demonstrate that LSTM significantly outperformed AE and CNN in terms of accuracy(99.2%),detection rate(93.3%),and area under the curve(96.3%).These proposed models have surpassed those of existing studies and are expected to make a significant contribution to the field of credit card fraud detection.

关键词： Card fraud detection hyperparameter tuning deep learning autoencoder convolution neural network long short-term memory resampling

Toward carbon neutrality by artificial photosynthesis

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第1期18卷 54-55页

作者： Baowen ZHOU Minhua SHAO Sharif Md.sadaf Shuhui SUN Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of the Ministry of Education Research Center of Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Energy InstituteThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS)-CenterÉnergie Matériaux Télécommunications VarennesQuebec J3X 1P7Canada

CO_(2)is not only the primary cause of climate change but also an abundant and recyclable carbon resource.The breakthrough in emerging disruptive technologies such as carbon capture and storage(CCS),power-to-X,and direct air capture(DAC)is fundamental to achieving carbon neutrality.Among these technologies,artificial photosynthesis offers an attractive method for recycling carbon dioxide and water into fuels and chemicals using solar energy(CO_(2)+H_(2)O+sunlight→fuels+chemicals).It holds great promise for addressing the critical challenges associated with elevated CO_(2)concentrations and securing a sustainable supply of fuels and chemicals for economic sectors.

关键词： neutral holds breakthrough

Ecological transitions in Xinjiang, China:Unraveling the impact of climate change on vegetation dynamics(1990–2020)

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第6期34卷 1039-1064页

作者： HAO Haichao YAO Junqiang CHEN Yaning XU Jianhua LI Zhi DUAN Weili sadaf ISMAIL WANG Guiling Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability Kyoto UniversityYoshida-Nakaadachi 1Sakyo-kuKyoto 606-8306Japan Field Scientific Experiment Base of Akdala Atmospheric Background Institute of Desert MeteorologyChina Meteorological AdministrationUrumqi 830011China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsXinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyCASUrumqi 830011China School of Geographic Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226007JiangsuChina

For the past several decades, climate change has been driving vegetation dynamics in arid regions worldwide. This study investigates vegetation dynamics and their links to climate from 1990 to 2020 in Xinjiang, China, using data from 30-m resolution land use and cover change, remote sensing, and climate reanalysis. Our approach encompasses a range of analytical techniques, including transfer matrix analysis, modeling, correlation, regression,and trend analysis. During the study period, there were major vegetation conversions from grassland to forestland in the mountains, and from cropland to grassland in the plains. Climate change emerged as an important trigger of these changes, as evidenced by the increase in net primary productivity in most vegetation types, except for cropland-grassland and grassland-cropland conversions. Precipitation and soil moisture were the most influential climatic factors, contributing 15.1% and 15.2%, respectively, to natural vegetation changes.The study also found that evapotranspiration serves as a key mechanism for moisture dissipation in the hydrological cycle of vegetation dynamics. The interplay between precipitation,soil moisture, and evapotranspiration is a critical pattern of climatic influence that shapes vegetation dynamics across zones of intersection, increase, decrease, and change. These insights are invaluable for informing vegetation conservation and development strategies in Xinjiang and other similar environments facing climate-driven ecological transitions.

关键词： climate change ecological transitions LUCC NPP efficiency vegetation dynamics Xinjiang

Dredged marine soil stabilization using magnesia cement augmented with biochar/slag

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 1000-1017页

作者： Chikezie Chimere Onyekwena Qi Li Yong Wang Ishrat hameed Alvi Wentao Li Yunlu Hou Xianwei Zhang Min Zhang State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China School of Civil Engineering Architecture and EnvironmentHubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China School of Urban Construction Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430065China School of Civil Engineering and Archtitecture Henan UniversityKaifeng475001China

Dredged marine soils(DMS)have poor engineering properties,which limit their usage in construction projects.This research examines the application of reactive magnesia(rMgO)containing supplementary cementitious materials(SCMs)to stabilize DMS under ambient and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))curing conditions.Several proprietary experimental tests were conducted to investigate the stabilized DMS.Furthermore,the carbonation-induced mineralogical,thermal,and microstructural properties change of the samples were explored.The findings show that the compressive strength of the stabilized DMS fulfilled the 7-d requirement(0.7-2.1 MPa)for pavement and building foundations.Replacing rMgO with SCMs such as biochar or ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBS)altered the engineering properties and particle packing of the stabilized soils,thus influencing their performances.Biochar increased the porosity of the samples,facilitating higher CO_(2) uptake and improved ductility,while GGBS decreased porosity and increased the dry density of the samples,resulting in higher strength.The addition of SCMs also enhanced the water retention capacity and modified the pH of the samples.Microstructural analysis revealed that the hydrated magnesium carbonates precipitated in the carbonated samples provided better cementation effects than brucite formed during rMgO hydration.Moreover,incorporating SCMs reduced the overall global warming potential and energy demand of the rMgO-based systems.The biochar mixes demonstrated lower toxicity and energy consumption.Ultimately,the rMgO and biochar blend can serve as an environmentally friendly additive for soft soil stabilization and permanent fixation of significant amounts of CO_(2) in soils through mineral carbonation,potentially reducing environmental pollution while meeting urbanization needs.

关键词： Dredged marine soil CO_(2)uptake Reactive magnesia Biochar Ground granulated blast-furnace slag

Serological Detection,Risk Factor Analysts and Statistical Mapping of Brucellosts in Females of KP Pakistan

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IJLAI Transactions on Science and Engineering

IJLAI Transactions on Science and Engineering 2024年第2期2卷 59-73页

作者： Sidra sadaf Niaz Saddam Hussain Abdul Wali khan University Mardan The University of Agriculture Peshawar

Among the most well-known zoonotic maladies,Brucellosis is the one having a lot of clinical presentations.Brucellosis is a disease which is caused by a type of bacteria of the genus Brucella.Brucellosis is common in people who work as shepherd,milkman,butcher,knackers and vertinary assistants.The different types of the tests are used to diagnose brucellosis such as(ELISA)Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,(RBPT)Rose Bengal Plate Test and many others.From literature it is evident that the picture of brucellosis is not clear in many countries including Pakistan.So the aim of the study is to clear the exact status of the disease in the women of agro ecological zones of KP Pakistan.A multistage sampling will be used by dividing KP in different agro ecological zones and blood will be collected from the women who are in close contact with animals.The serum will be isolated and the samples will be tested for Brucella by commercial serological kits i.e.ELISA kit in the laboratory for the comparison of the disease status in women of different agro ecological zones of KP Pakistan.

关键词： Serological Detection Statistical Mapping Brucellosis Bacteria ELISA