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Carbon dioxide:a renewable feedstock for the synthesis of fine and bulk chemicals

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 213-235页

作者： Yogesh P.PATIL Pawan J.TAMBADE sachin r.jagtap Bhalchandra M.BHANAGE Institute of Chemical Technology(Autonomous) N.Parekh MargMatungaMumbai-400019India

The syntheses of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))based industrially important chemicals have gained considerable interest in view of the sustainable chemistry and“green chemistry”*** this review,recent developments in the chemical fixation of CO_(2)to valuable chemicals are *** synthesis of five-member cyclic carbonates via,cycloaddition of CO_(2)to epoxides is one of the promising reactions replacing the existing poisonous phosgene-based synthetic *** review focuses on the synthesis of cyclic carbonates,vinyl carbamates,and quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones via reaction of CO_(2)and epoxide,amines/phenyl acetylene,2-aminobenzinitrile and other *** synthesis of dimethyl carbonate,1,3-disubstituted urea and 2-oxazolidinones/2-imidazolidinones have limitations at present because of the reaction equilibrium and chemical inertness of CO_(2).The preferred alternatives for their synthesis like transesterification of ethylene carbonate with methanol,transamination of ethylene carbonate with primary amine and transamination reaction of ethylene carbonate with diamines/β-aminoalcohols are *** methodologies offer marked improvements for greener chemical fixation of CO_(2)in to industrially important chemicals.

关键词： carbon dioxide catalysts industrial important chemicals organic carbonates green chemistry urea synthesis

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High Grade Muscle-Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer in A 36 Year Old Male Patient:A Case report&review of Literature

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Journal of Oncology research 2022年第1期4卷 16-19页

作者： sachin S Kadam rohan jagtap Tejaswini Kadam Department of Surgical Oncology Currae Cancer&Multispeciality HospitalMumbaiIndia Department of General&Laparoscopy Surgery Vedant Cancer&Multispeciality HospitalMumbaiIndia Department of Ophthalmology Conwest&Jain Superspeciality Eye HospitalMumbaiIndia

We are reporting a case of urothelial bladder cancer in a 36 year old male patient with no history or exposure to any risk *** incidence of urothelial bladder cancer is very low in young individuals *** 40 years of age with reported rate of incidence around 0.1-0.4%.Most of the times,these young individuals present with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with low grade and low *** the age increases,the incidence of high grade bladder cancer increases along with *** index case presented with high grade muscle invasive bladder cancer at the time of diagnosis without any known risk *** 5-year survival of urothelial bladder cancer is better in young patients(93.8%)as compared to older people(85.1%).Cigarette smoking is responsible for development of bladder cancer in majority of patients followed by exposure to occupational *** of genetic alterations in development of bladder cancer is still under research and process of urothelial bladder carcinogenesis is unanswered in young individuals.

关键词： Urothelial baldder cancer High grade Muscle invasive Young adult risk factors Prognosis

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