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Dinosaur footprint assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation,Khorat Group,northeastern Thailand

Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1479-1493页

作者： Shohei Kozu Apsorn Sardsud Doungrutai Saesaengseerung Cherdchan Pothichaiya sachiko agematsu Katsuo Sashida Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of TsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan Department of Mineral Resources Ministry of Natural Resources and EnvironmentThailand

The Khok Kruat Formation is the upper part of the Khorat Group,which consists of upper Lower Cretaceous non-marine sedimentary rocks in northeastern *** dinosaur footprints have been known from the upper Lower Cretaceous(Aptian-Albian)Khok Kruat Formation at the Huai Dam Chum(Tha Uthen)site,northeastern *** 600 tracks occur in thin mudstone layer of the northern part of the outcrop at the Huai Dam Chum track *** types of footprints,small-sized theropod and crocodylomorph are imprinted with mud cracks and ripple marks on the thin mud *** of footprints are referred to ***,and are imprinted by small-sized theropoda,probably *** tracks are mainly separated into two groups,Group A and Group *** ichnological viewpoints,the small-sized theropod track assemblage indicates the herd behaviour and its idiosyncratic group *** particular,the histogram of size-frequency measurements of Group A shows the anomalous bimodal *** consider that there are two hypotheses;the first one is due to the male-female difference,and the second is a result of the different growing stage.

关键词： Dinosaur footprint assemblage Cretaceous Khorat Group Khok Kruat Formation Thailand

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Efficient Solvent- and Catalyst-Free Syntheses of Imine Derivatives Applying the Pressure Reduction Technique: Remarkable Change of the Reaction Rate with the Phase Transition

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2018年第2期8卷 167-179页

作者： Shoko Suzuki Shujiro Sakaki Shinji Ishizuka Tomomichi Nishino Hiroyuki Ito Risehiro Nonaka Motoyoshi Noike Takeshi Kodama Hajime Nozaka Tsuneyuki Sato Hitoshi agematsu Koichi Maruyama Shun Oyamada Takashi Kuroishi Kazuma Sasaki Kei Yagawa Mami Yoshioka Yasuo Yokoyama Faculty of Education Kyoto University of Education Kyoto Japan Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering National Institute of Technology Akita College Akita Japan Environment Systems Engineering Course National Institute of Technology Akita College Akita Japan Department of Applied Chemistry National Institute of Technology Akita College Akita Japan

Because imines could be used as convenient starting materials in various fields, the development of an easy synthetic method of imine was strongly desired. In response to this demand, we thought that it would be an effective synthesis method if an aldehyde and an amine could be reacted to give an imine in good yield under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions. In fact, we tried the reaction of benzaldehyde with various amines under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions followed by removal of water that was produced in the reaction system by a vacuum pump, and desired imines could be obtained in good yields. Observation of this reaction using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer revealed that the reaction rate was extremely fast at the initial stage but slowed over time. However, the reaction of benzaldehyde with aniline differed greatly, and the reaction rate dramatically improved in 47 - 48 minutes after the start of the reaction. At this time, we found that the reaction system underwent a phase transition from the liquid phase to the solid phase.

关键词： Solvent-Free Catalyst-Free Pressure Reduction Technique Imine Reaction Rate Phase Transition

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