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Seasonal and Spatial Variation in the Monitoring Parameters of Zomar Stream, Palestine during 2010

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2013年第1期2卷 1-14页

作者： Saleh Sulaiman Laura Scrano sabino aurelio bufo Rafik Karaman Department of Science University of Basilicata Potenza 85100 Italy Institute of Environmental and Water Studies Birzeit University West Bank Palestine Department of European Culture University of Basilicata Potenza 85100 Italy Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Quds University Jerusalem 20002 Palestine

Levels of pollutants at Zomar stream, the only recreational area for the inhabitants of the northern part of the West Bank, Palestine, were recently determined, and have shown to be relatively high. Three bathing sites along the Zomar stream area were monitored for one year （fortnightly）. Wastewater samples were subjected to microbiological analysis （fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Klebsiella）, physico-chemical analyses （water temperature, pH, electroconductivity and DO （dissolved oxygen））, biochemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonia. The study results demonstrated seasonal and locational variations in all parameters studied. The highest levels of pollution were detected during summer, especially before a rainfall or after a discharge from onsite cesspits. Locations associated with sewage discharge were found to have the highest fecal indicator levels.

关键词： Wastewater pollution seasonal variations Zomar stream microbiological contamination BOD (biochemical oxygen demand).

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Microbial Removal from Secondary Treated Wastewater Using a Hybrid System of Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第7期1卷 853-869页

作者： Jehad Abbadi Rinad Saleh Sameh Nusseibeh Muhannad Qurie Mustafa Khamis Rafik Karaman LauraScrano sabino aurelio bufo Department of Biology College of Science and Technology AI-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine Centre for Chemical and Biological Analysis Al-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology College of Science and Technology Al-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine Department of Bioorganic Chemistry College of Pharmacy A1-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine Department of Agriculture Forestry and Environment University of Basilicata Potenza 85100 Italy

The efficiency of advanced membranes towards removal of general and specific microbes from wastewater was investigated. The treatment included a subsequent system of activated sludge, ultrafiltration （hollow fibre membranes with 100 kDa cut-off, and spiral wound membranes with 20 kDa cut-off）, and RO （reverse osmosis）. The removal evaluation of screened microbes present in treated wastewater showed that hollow fibre membrane rejected only 1 log （90% rejection） of the TPC （total microbial count）, TC （total coliforms）, and FC （faecal coliforms）. A higher effectiveness was observed with spiral wound, removing 2-3 logs （99%-99.9%） of TPC and complete rejection of TC and FC. The RO system was successful in total rejection of all received bacteria. The removal evaluation of inoculated specific types of bacteria showed that the hollow membranes removed 2 logs （99%） of inoculated E. coli （10^7-10^8 cfu/mL inoculum）, 2-3 logs （99%-99.9%） of Enterococus spp. （10^7-10^10 cfu/mL inoculum）, 1-2 logs （90%-99%） of Salmonella （10^8-10^10 cfu/mL inoculum） and 1-2 logs （90%-99%） of Shigella （10^5-10^6 cfu/mL inoculum）. The spiral wound was significantly efficient in rejecting further 3 logs of E. coil, 5 logs of Enterococus spp., 4 logs of Salmonella, and a complete rejection of all received bacteria was accomplished by RO membrane. The results indicate that Gram positive bacteria were removed much more efficiently compared to the Gram negative ones, the rationale behind such behaviour is based on cell walls elasticity.

关键词： Wastewater treatment microbial load removal ultrafiltration reverse osmosis filtration technology microbial fouling.

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Removal of Herbicides from Water Using Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Case Study: MCPA Sodium Monohydrate

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第8期11卷 1024-1035页

作者： Samer Khalaf Jawad H. Shoqeir Laura Scrano Rafik Karaman sabino A. bufo Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan Soil & Hydrology Research Lab (SHR) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Al-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine Department of Science University of Basilicata Potenza Italy Department of European Cultures (DICEM) University of Basilicata Potenza Italy Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University) Ministry of Education College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University Fujian China

In this study, the herbicide MCPA sodium salt monohydrate (sodium (4-chloro-2 methylphenoxy) acetate has been studied as are presentative compound used in the agricultural field. Accordingly, direct photolysis and photocatalytic experiments under artificial irradiation simulating solar light in laboratorial conditions were performed. Photocatalytic experiments were performed using TiO2 dispersed powder and as an immobilized thin layer on the surface of blue glasses. The obtained results of photolysis showed a poor efficacy toward degradation of MCPA sodium monohydrate, with half-life (t1/2) 6931.5 min. While, the addition of TiO2 dispersed powder to the photocatalytic process enhances the process dramatically with (t1/2) equal to 36.5 min;furthermore, complete mineralization had been reached after approximately 4 hours, whereas the addition of TiO2 through immobilized system led to enhance the degradation rate with 2236 min. as t1/2. In spite of this, using TiO2 supported on glass substrates with more improvements could be a promising alternative to conventional TiO2 suspension, and provides a clean treatment method.

关键词： Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Advanced Oxidation Process Wastewater Photocatalysis TiO2 Photo-Degradation MCPA

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