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Causality between bank’s major activities and economic growth:evidences from Pakistan

Financial innovation 2016年第1期2卷 87-97页

作者： saba Mushtaq Karachi University Business School University of KarachiKarachiPakistan

Background:Banking is an important sector of Pakistan’s *** is general consideration that bank’s major activities saving and lending have positive impact on economic *** the aim of this study is to investigate this consideration and also investigate that either growth led deposits and credits,or deposit and credits led growth means the purpose of this study is to investigate the direction of this ***:Johansen test of Co-integration and Granger Causality is employed by using time series data of Pakistan from 1961 to ***:The results show that two major activities of banking sector that are saving and lending don’t have any long run or short run causality towards economic growth so the general consideration of positive impact of these activities proved wrong in case of *** there is unidirectional causality running from GDP growth to credit provided by banking sector which shows that economic prosperity or economic growth will have a major impact on lending activities of banks meaning that demand following hypothesis is true for Pakistan in case of GDP and Bank’s credit or we can say that growth led Bank’s credit in ***:Hence Government and central bank should make policies by keeping this fact in consideration that bank’s two major activities that are saving and lending does not have impact on GDP *** might be other factors which influence economic growth of Pakistan more than banking sector these activities,which can be bank’s profitability,human resource,technology,infrastructure and other sectors of the *** GDP growth affects bank’s lending activities so during high economic growth year central bank and private bank’s management should introduce easy loans for businesses and industries and during poor economic growth years personal loan’s new schemes should be introduce by banks.

关键词： Granger Causality Cointegration Economic Growth Bank deposits Bank’s credit

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Comparing the deactivation behaviour of Co/CNT and Co/γ-Al_2O_3 nano catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2012年第5期21卷 605-613页

作者： Ahmad Tavasoli saba Karimi Somayeh Taghavi Zahra Zolfaghari Hamideh Amirfirouzkouhi School of Chemistry College of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran

An extensive study of Fischer-Tropsch （FT） synthesis on cobalt nano particles supported on γ-alumina and carbon nanotubes （CNTs） catalysts is reported.20 wt% of cobalt is loaded on the supports by impregnation *** deactivation of the two catalysts was studied at 220 C,2 MPa and 2.7 L/h feed flow rate using a fixed bed *** calcined fresh and used catalysts were characterized extensively and different sources of catalyst deactivation were *** of cobalt-support mixed oxides in the form of xCoO yAl2O3 and cobalt aluminates formation were the main sources of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst *** sintering and cluster growth of cobalt nano particles are the main sources of the Co/CNTs catalyst *** the case of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst,after 720 h on stream of continuous FT synthesis the average cobalt nano particles diameter increased from 15.9 to 18.4 nm,whereas,under the same reaction conditions the average cobalt nano particles diameter of the Co/CNTs increased from 11.2 to 17.8 ***,the initial FT activity of the Co/CNTs was 26% higher than that of the Co/γ-Al2O3,the FT activity over the Co/CNTs after 720 h on stream decreased by 49% and that over the Co/γ-Al2O3 by 32%.For the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst 6.7% of total activity loss and for the Co/CNTs catalyst 11.6% of total activity loss cannot be recovered after regeneration of the catalyst at the same conditions of the first regeneration *** is concluded that using CNTs as cobalt catalyst support is beneficial in carbon utilization as compared to γ-Al2O3 support,but the Co/CNTs catalyst is more susceptible for deactivation.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch synthesis cobalt carbon nanotube γ-alumina deactivation

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High power supercontinuum generation by dual-color femtosecond laser pulses in fused silica

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第8期31卷 436-439页

作者： saba Zafar 李东伟 Acner Camino 常峻巍郝作强 Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulation&Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device School of Physics and ElectronicsShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China Department of Physics Women University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan School of Science Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun 130022China

High power supercontinuum(SC) is generated by focusing 800 nm and 400 nm femtosecond laser pulses in fused silica with a microlens array. it is found that the spectrum of the SC is getting broader compared with the case of a single laser pulse, and the spectral energy density between the two fundamental laser wavelengths is getting significantly higher by optimizing the phase matching angle of the BBO. it exceeds μJ/nm over 490 nm range which is from 380 nm to 870 nm,overcoming the disadvantage of relative lower power in the ranges far from the fundamental wavelength.

关键词： filamentation supercontinuum generation microlens array

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Prediction of stable Li-Sn compounds:boosting ab initio searches with neural network potentials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1278-1290页

作者： saba Kharabadze Aidan Thorn Ekaterina A.Koulakova Aleksey N.Kolmogorov Department of Physics Applied Physics and AstronomyBinghamton UniversityState University of New YorkPO Box 6000BinghamtonNY13902-6000USA

The Li-Sn binary system has been the focus of extensive research because it features Li-rich alloys with potential applications as battery *** present re-examination of the binary system with a combination of machine learning and ab initio methods has allowed us to screen a vast configuration space and uncover a number of overlooked thermodynamically stable *** ambient pressure,our evolutionary searches identified an additional stable Li3Sn phase with a large BCC-based hR48 structure and a possible high-T LiSn_(4)ground *** building a simple model for the observed and predicted Li-Sn BCC alloys we constructed an even larger viable hR75 structure at an exotic 19:6 *** 20 GPa,low-symmetry 11:2,5:1,and 9:2 phases found with our global searches destabilize previously proposed phases with high Li *** findings showcase the appreciable promise machine-learning interatomic potentials hold for accelerating ab initio prediction of complex materials.

关键词： alloys neural network

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过渡金属掺杂多孔材料去除有机污染物和生物传感

过渡金属掺杂多孔材料去除有机污染物和生物传感

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作者： saba Aziz（爱思）东北师范大学

学位级别：硕士

水污染是指将能源或物质不当的排放到地球资源,包括空气、水和土地中,对生态系统造成有害且往往是持久性的破坏。这种污染严重影响了生活的质量,造成负面后果,而且影响到生态系统的活生物体和非活组成部分,破坏了自然环境和其正常功能... 详细信息

水污染是指将能源或物质不当的排放到地球资源,包括空气、水和土地中,对生态系统造成有害且往往是持久性的破坏。这种污染严重影响了生活的质量,造成负面后果,而且影响到生态系统的活生物体和非活组成部分,破坏了自然环境和其正常功能。制造业的增长引起了人们对环境污染的严重担忧,纺织、造纸和印刷等行业释放的大量有机染料尤其令人担忧。这些彩色染料会阻止阳光的射入,危害水生生物。健康问题涉及各种疾病的快速和性价比高的诊断。在这些诊断中,使用简单、经济高效的设备检测肌酸酐（生物分子）对研究人员来说意义重大。肌酸酐是哺乳动物的肌肉代谢废物,分子量为113.12。它在肌肉中产生,通过血液运输,并在尿液中通过肾脏过滤。长期以来,它一直被认为是肾脏和肌肉疾病的生物标志物,因为它在血清中的较高水平表明肾脏功能障碍,而较低水平表明肌肉问题。因此,本研究主要致力于对上述问题做出贡献,具体如下。1.具有大比表面积和多孔结构的材料有益于提高吸附和分离性能。在这项工作中,使用ZiF-67作为牺牲模板,通过一步溶剂热法制备了Co-Ni LDH中空结构,并用于去除水中的有机污染物（甲基橙染料MO）和肌酸酐（生物）传感。所制备的Co-Ni LDH样品在一般条件下90分钟内对MO分子表现出优异的去除性能（92.6%）,这是由于吸附和光催化过程的协同作用。双功能行为是由于其表面带正电荷、比表面积大、孔径优化以及中空的结构,而且材料中的Co/Co和Ni/Ni离子为吸附和光催化提供了丰富的位点。此外,Co-Ni LDH中空结构在多次循环后保持了高的去除能力和结构完整性。此外,首次在便携式电化学设备中,使用丝网印刷碳电极上的循环伏安法,研究了Co-Ni LDH中空结构作为肌酸酐（生物）传感的传感器。在这些传感器中,Co-Ni LDH中空结构在500-1000 n M的线性检测范围内表现出高灵敏度（1.23μA/cm.n M）、低检测限（243.5 p M）和低定量限（812 p M）。因此,制备的样品Co-Ni LDH在处理废水污染和临床分析方面显示出巨大的潜力。2.在这项工作中,使用涂覆有聚苯乙烯泡沫（即包装材料废料）和锐钛矿相V-Ti O2微针的复合受体的一次性丝网印刷碳电极,设计了一种小型、经济高效且一次性的电化学肌酸酐传感器,采用溶胶-凝胶化学方法合成了钒参杂的Ti O微针,并用FTiR、PXRD和SEM对其进行了表征。电化学传感器能够在7.4 p H和室温下监测标准氧化还原溶液中的1–25μM肌酸酐。电化学测量是使用安卓智能手机中的便携式恒电位仪进行的。测量循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法所示的性能来监测肌酸酐的浓度。该传感器显示出30.95±1.73μA/cmμM的出色肌酸酐灵敏度和184 n M肌酸酐的极低阈值检测限。因此,这项工作可能会为肾功能衰竭和肌营养不良的常规监测和临床诊断提供一种负担得起的POC（检测）方案。

关键词：金属有机框架吸附-光催化环境修复纳米材料电化学传感

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electromechanical Fields and Their influence on the internal Quantum Efficiency of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2018年第3期31卷 383-390页

作者： Muhammad Usman Kiran saba Adnan Jahangir Muhammad Kamran Nazeer Muhammad Department of Engineering Sciences Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Swabi 23460 Pakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cantt 47040 Pakistan Department of electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cantt 47040 Pakistan

The effect ofelectromechanical fields, i.e., polarization fields, on the efficiency droop of GaN-based light-emitting diodes is presented using both experimental and numerical analyses. The role of incorporating such polarization charge density in device performance is numerically investigated and further compared with the experimental results of internal quantum efficiency of three different devices in consideration.

关键词： Optoelectronic devices Photonic bandgap materials Visible and ultraviolet sources Light-emitting devices

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Spatial Analysis for Determining Accessibility to Bus Stops in Kaduna Metropolis

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Journal of Geographic information System 2022年第1期14卷 78-93页

作者： Paul itomi-Ushi Daudu Mamman saba Jibril Jennifer Yashi Nigerian Building and Road Research institute Abuja Nigeria Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria

Bus stop accessibility is a vital component of a successful transportation system. This study aimed at spatially analyzing bus stops to determine their physical accessibility considering the connecting roads surrounding the bus stops. This research used satellite imagery, Global Navigation Satellite System and Kaduna State Traffic and Environment Law Enforcement Authority documents. The spatial analysis covered bus stop accessibility and obtained data of transport routes, bus stop coordinates, bus stop spacing and physical characteristics of bus stops. GiS buffer, network and area analysis was used in measuring bus stop accessibility considering the road network surrounding it. The ratio of ideal access coverage to the actual access coverage of a stop was calculated. Paired sample statistics were used to compare ideal and actual access coverage;the finding revealed a significant difference between the ideal and actual access coverage. A range of 0 - 1.0 was used in the analysis where, a bus stop is less accessible the closer the value is to 0, and more accessible the closer the value is to 1.0. Linear regression statistics was used to determine if the level of accessibility of a bus stop is dependent on the length of roads within the buffer. This revealed that at R = 0.694, a strong degree of correlation exists between the level of accessibility and road length within the buffer. The study concluded that before siting bus stops, surrounding road networks need to be considered in order to make them accessible.

关键词： Accessibility Buffer Network Analysis ideal Access Coverage Actual Access Coverage

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Geospatial Assessment of the Contributions of the Major Stakeholders to Secondary Schools in Some Parts of Benue State, Nigeria

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international Journal of Geosciences 2022年第3期13卷 244-258页

作者： David Sesugh Aule Mamman saba Jibril Taiye Oluwafemi Adewuyi Department of Geography Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria

This study assessed the contributions of the major stakeholders to secondary school education in some parts of Benue State using geospatial techniques. it aimed at producing a queriable spatial database of secondary schools which could be used as a guide for resource distribution and management in the school system. The study adopted, survey, field observation and measurement using Global Positioning System (GPS) to obtain the needed data. Geographic information System (GiS) and descriptive statistical techniques were employed to map, visualize and analyze the data. The result shows that the private sector has the highest contribution to secondary schools in the area. in the private sector, the private individuals have the highest contributions to secondary school in the area both by ownership, sponsorship and size (student population). The implication is that the system will suffer exploitation by the dominant private individuals in the system. it was recommended that further research should be conducted to assess the relationship between government efforts and other stakeholders on the spatial distribution of secondary schools in the study area.

关键词： GiS GPS Spatial Database Query Stakeholders Sponsorship Ownership

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Geostatistical Analysis of Accessibility to Secondary Schools in Parts of Benue State

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Journal of Geographic information System 2023年第1期15卷 1-18页

作者： David Sesugh Aule Mamman saba Jibril Taye Oluwafemi Adewuyi Department of Geography Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria

This research studied accessibility to secondary schools in some parts of Benue State. The objective of the study was to determine the level of accessibility to secondary school. The study adopted survey, field observation and measurement to obtain the needed data. The study adopted gravity model as the related theoretical framework. GiS and descriptive statistical techniques were employed to map, visualize and analyze the data. The result shows that accessibility to secondary school in the three Local Government Areas is generally low, though it varies between schools, within and between Local Government Areas. This depicts a very stressful schooling condition for the majority of students, and has far-reaching implications in terms of lack of skilled manpower, inadequate facilities and consequently low standards in the educational system. To ensure effective and valid decision-making, and maintain high standards in the system, it was recommended that equitable and systematic distribution of school facilities should be embraced. Furthermore, more schools should be established in the areas which currently have low accessibility to bridge the accessibility gap and encourage active participation and consistent attendance at schools among the students.

关键词： Accessibility Distance GiS GPS Service Quality Transportation Cost

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脾窦岸细胞血管瘤的影像表现

脾窦岸细胞血管瘤的影像表现

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作者： saba Abdulkareem Kasim Almadhagi 中国医科大学

学位级别：硕士

目的:探讨9例脾窦岸细胞血管瘤（LCA）的临床、病理、超声、计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRi）表现特点。方法:本研究是一项回顾性研究,收集了9例本院经手术病理证实的LCA的临床和影像资料,分析其临床特点及影像学表现,包括脾脏... 详细信息

目的:探讨9例脾窦岸细胞血管瘤（LCA）的临床、病理、超声、计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRi）表现特点。方法:本研究是一项回顾性研究,收集了9例本院经手术病理证实的LCA的临床和影像资料,分析其临床特点及影像学表现,包括脾脏大小,肿瘤的分布、数量、肿瘤大小（多个病灶者测量最大者）、形态、边界、有无包膜、钙化和坏死。此外,观察病变的回声强度及血流信号（超声）;密度（CT）/信号（MRi）和增强方式。结果:9例患者中66.7%（6/9）为偶然发现,77.8%（7/9）例为单发。肿块呈膨胀性生长,7例突出于脾脏轮廓,边界清楚、边缘光滑。5例行超声检查,其中4例单发,1例多发,但是仅发现1个较大病灶,病灶呈不同回声,边界清楚、边缘光滑,60%（3/5）可见假包膜,60%（3/5）可见丰富血流。所有病例均行CT平扫,7例行CT增强。病灶呈等、低密度,2例密度不均。增强扫描动脉期分别表现为无明显强化、不均匀明显强化和均匀明显强化,并都有延迟强化,特别是2例多发病灶者在增强动脉期发现更多病灶。在2例行MRi检查中,1例表现为T1Wi等、T2Wi等信号,与脾同步、程度相当的强化;另外1例表现为T1Wi稍低、T2Wi稍高信号,动脉期开始明显强化、并有延迟强化。2例行PET/CT检查,呈低摄取。结论:本研究中LCA单发更常见,为膨胀性生长的实体瘤,边缘光滑,边界清晰,常突出于脾脏轮廓,这可能是其影像学上的形态特征。在超声上回声多样,较大病灶可以有假包膜,多发的小病灶可能会漏诊。在CT上呈等低密度,以延迟强化为特征,有时动脉期出现明显强化。MR-T2Wi呈稍高信号或等、低信号,具有一定的特点。在PET/CT上FDG代谢率较低。结合几种影像学特点分析有助于提高LAC诊断准确性。

关键词：窦岸细胞血管瘤脾脏免疫病理学影像学表现超声 CT MRi

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