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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site Selection in Jacobabad Using RS/GIS Techniques

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第10期7卷 13-22页

作者： saba Zehra Sheeba Afsar Yasmeen Anis Municipal Services Delivery Program Karachi Pakistan University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan

Solid waste management is a worldwide concern, particularly in the developing countries. The solid waste disposal and landfill site management is a serious issue. City planners and municipal corporations have to confront with the problem of Municipal Solid Waste Management all over the world, especially in the developing countries. Population growth is responsible for an increase in residential, commercial and infrastructure development, which poses adverse effects on the environment. One of the most serious and challenging environmental challenge being faced by the municipal corporations of developing countries is urban solid waste management. Dumping of municipal waste in unsuitable areas poses serious challenges to the local habitants of the neighborhood. Municipal solid waste, if not properly managed, is one of the major environmental issues that could further lead to different diseases’ transmission, aesthetic and odor nuisance, and atmospheric and water pollution, etc. This paper aims to deal with the selection of suitable site for disposing off municipal solid waste management being produced at the Jacobabad City using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing techniques. In the Jacobabad City, the existing open dumping systems are not environmentally sound posing serious environmental threats. Loads of generated waste (about 64 tons/day as per 2012 estimates) has been dumped into the inappropriate sites. Keeping in view the complicated process of landfill site, this study considers all the environmental, social and technical factors (distances from residences, proximity to road networks, schools, health facilities and reservoirs) to determine the best site for Municipal Solid Waste disposal in Jacobabad City. Different analysis like buffer analysis, Euclidean distance and overlay analysis were also performed in this study to come up with the most suitable landfill site.

关键词： Solid Waste Management Geographic Information System Remote Sensing Landfill Site

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宏观经济变量对巴基斯坦股市的影响

宏观经济变量对巴基斯坦股市的影响

作者： saba Rasool 西安科技大学

学位级别：硕士

研究表明,宏观经济变量对股票市场有显著影响。宏观经济变量,即GDP失业率和经济增长中的通货膨胀,对股票市场的快速变化有很大的影响。外国直接投资和国内生产总值是巴基斯坦经济的主要增长点。由于不存在有利的投资条件和相关的基本生... 详细信息

研究表明,宏观经济变量对股票市场有显著影响。宏观经济变量,即GDP失业率和经济增长中的通货膨胀,对股票市场的快速变化有很大的影响。外国直接投资和国内生产总值是巴基斯坦经济的主要增长点。由于不存在有利的投资条件和相关的基本生活必需品,巴基斯坦政府未能将外国直接投资抽到这个程度。因此,根据从有关来源获得和收集的数据,在巴基斯坦的外国直接投资和国内生产总值在20年内一直在下降。本文还利用涵盖1991-2017年期间的年度时间序列数据,研究了利率、汇率和通货膨胀率对巴基斯坦股市表现的影响。本研究的主要目的是分别运用协整自回归分布滞后(ARDL)界检验法和误差修正模型(ECM)检验方法,考察KSE-100指数与宏观经济变量之间的长期和短期关系。通过应用ARDL模型,实证结果揭示了利率对市场指数的负向显著影响,而汇率和通货膨胀率长期对股市波动有正向影响。此外,ECM分析指出,误差修正项的估计系数显著,并出现预期的负号,表明股市指数在短期内每年有46.53%的偏差得到纠正。研究建议,货币当局应进一步降低银行利率至最低利率,以刺激股市表现,进而提升目前的投资水平,并鼓励新的投资进入股市。这一政策也将确保更高的通货膨胀率。研究发现,在短期内,降低银行利率和稳定汇率对本地和外国投资者至关重要。研究发现,GDP、FD、IR和汇率对股市的繁荣或衰退都有直接的影响。分析结果表明,GDP、FD、IR、汇率与股市正相关。

关键词：国内生产总值外商直接投资 ARDL模型宏观经济巴基斯坦股市交易

糠醛转化为C8烷烃：酸碱双金属催化剂协同作用的研究

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糠醛转化为C8烷烃：酸碱双金属催化剂协同作用的研究

作者： saba Sharafat 北京化工大学

学位级别：硕士

近年来,人们对能源需求大幅增加,为了满足这些需求,研究人员在开发可再生能源方向上做了大量研究。众多可再生资源中,生物质是目前最具可持续性和经济可行性的资源,在减轻环境污染,减缓全球变暖和减少对有限化石燃料依赖方面具有潜在的... 详细信息

近年来,人们对能源需求大幅增加,为了满足这些需求,研究人员在开发可再生能源方向上做了大量研究。众多可再生资源中,生物质是目前最具可持续性和经济可行性的资源,在减轻环境污染,减缓全球变暖和减少对有限化石燃料依赖方面具有潜在的优势,因而受到世界范围广泛的关注。从生物质中提取液体燃料代替传统的柴油和石油基汽油是当前重要的研究领域,本论文主要研究了从糠醛中生产液体燃料。糠醛是一种具有丰富的官能团生物质平台分子,是生物燃料和多种有用化学品的重要中间体。将糠醛转化为C8烷烃的反应可通过在传统水滑石和过渡金属掺杂的水滑石上进行羟醛缩合反应和加氢脱氧反应来实现。本论文的主要内容如下:(1)糠醛与丙酮的羟醛缩合反应中酸碱催化剂的合成:通过将Zr引入MgAl-LDH合成MgAlZr-LDH并且经过后续煅烧合成酸碱催化剂,并研究了镁铝复合氧化物酸碱度对反应的影响。实验结果表明,该催化剂的酸碱性能与催化性能有关联,Zr的加入提高了反应速率。通过对催化剂酸碱度的分析,研究了催化剂的酸碱性能。此外,在上述催化剂的存在下进行羟醛缩合反应,最高产率为99%。以不同的Mg/Zr摩尔比制备了CoMgAlZr-LDH,其中Co和Al的比例保持不变。研究了 CoMgAlZr-LDH焙烧后对镁铝复合氧化物酸碱性能的影响,并与反应性能关联。(2)加氢和脱氧反应的催化剂设计:加氢脱氧反应是同时发生加氢和脱氧反应。复合金属氧化物负载Co基催化剂只能在一定程度上进行加氢脱氧反应。为了进一步实现脱氧,在水滑石层板中引入了CuCo合金。采用不同摩尔比的CuCo进行反应,研究了双金属协同效应。CuCo合金催化剂具有与反应物进行加氢脱氧反应所需的相对应的几何构型,使烷烃完全脱氧收率最大值达到93%。基于这一研究思路,有望为反应物构建一种金属原子几何匹配的催化剂。(3)通过前两项研究,将多功能催化剂进行一锅法催化反应。该多功能催化剂具有酸碱协同作用和金属配位作用,在催化糠醛与丙酮的羟醛缩合反应和完全脱氧反应中烷烃的收率可达到60%。

关键词：糠醛酸碱协同双金属催化剂羟醛缩合反应加氢脱氧反应烷烃

Alternative and Potential Uses for the Sulfur Byproducts Produced from Oil and Gas Fields

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2021年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： saba Hanif Khan Sara Amani Mahmood Amani Texas A & M University at Qatar Doha Qatar

Along with oil and gas operations, huge amounts of sulfur byproducts are produced. For example, in the State of Qatar which has the third largest proven reserves of natural gas, an incredible amount of sulfur is produced as byproduct from its natural gas processing facilities. The amount of produced sulfur surpasses by far the amount that can be utilized currently in the country. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) existing in natural gas extracted from Qatar’s North Field is converted to elemental sulfur using the conventional Claus process. Managing byproduct sulfur from natural gas processing is a key aspect of economic development and environmental protection in many countries with oil and gas facilities. Therefore, new markets must be found to utilize sulfur to avoid disposal crises. Sulfur byproduct from natural gas can be utilized for various applications. This paper discusses alternative potential uses for sulfur in addition to the current practices of sulfur utilization. Some of these alternative applications of sulfur byproducts include the potential usage for medicinal uses, road construction, batteries, hydrogen production, structural additives, solar energy, waste treatment, arsenite removal, and production of maize.

关键词： Sulfur Sulfur Utilization Oil and Gas Operations Petroleum Natural Gas

西瓜热激转录因子家族基因的鉴定及其在果实发育过程中的表达分析

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西瓜热激转录因子家族基因的鉴定及其在果实发育过程中的表达分析

作者： saba HAMEED 华中农业大学

学位级别：硕士

西瓜[Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Matsum.&Nakai]是一种重要的经济作物。果实是西瓜的产品器官,决定着西瓜的经济价值。揭示西瓜果实发育过程中调控机制可以为西瓜遗传改良提供有价值的信息。热激转录因子(Hsfs)在植物发育过程中发挥着... 详细信息

西瓜[Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Matsum.&Nakai]是一种重要的经济作物。果实是西瓜的产品器官,决定着西瓜的经济价值。揭示西瓜果实发育过程中调控机制可以为西瓜遗传改良提供有价值的信息。热激转录因子(Hsfs)在植物发育过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。Hsfs是否参与西瓜果实发育的调控尚不清楚。针对这一问题,本课题在对西瓜Hsf家族基因进行全基因组鉴定的基础上,进一步分析了基因结构、系统发育关系、进化历史,以及在果实发育过程中的表达谱,获得了如下结果:1.在西瓜基因组中鉴定出24个ClHsfs基因,编码蛋白序列长度为192到782个氨基酸,其DNA结合结构域在西瓜、黄瓜和拟南芥等物种中具有高度的保守性。在寡聚化结构域中,Hsfs存在可变的连接子和HR-A/B区域。基于DNA结合结构域和寡聚化结构域之间的接头长度和插入HR-A/B区域的氨基酸残基数目不同,将ClHsfs分为3类,即A类(54.17%),B类(37.50%)和C类(8.33%)。***基因在11个西瓜染色体上分布不均匀。4个ClHsf位于chr5和chr1上,3个位于chr10上,2个位于chr3、chr8、chr7、chr9和chr11上,1个分别位于chr2、chr4和chr6上。在西瓜中,有58.33%的Hsfs经历过复制事件。复制模型分析显示ClHsfs包含9个片段复制基因对和3转座复制基因对。ClHsfs中小规模的片断和转座复制在这个基因家族的适度扩张中发挥了关键的作用。选择压力分析表明,所有重复的ClHsfs基因主要受纯化选择的影响。ClHsfs基因复制的时间可以追溯到179–312百万年前。推测B类Hsfs是古代群体,发展为陆地植物后扩展到A类和C类群成员。3.利用转录组数据分析了ClHsf基因在西瓜果皮、果肉和种子中的表达。在果皮中,ClHsf-17(A2)在授粉后10天表达量最高。在白色-粉红色及红色肉果期,ClHsf-02(B1)和ClHsf-23(C1)在果肉中具有中丰度表达。ClHsf-24(A9)在种子成熟阶段表达量高。在ClHsf启动子序列中,Skn-1基序,GCN4基序和CAT-box出现的频率相对较高。

关键词：西瓜 ClHsfs转录因子系统发育分析 ClHsfs复制顺式作用元件表达谱

An Empirical Approach to Get the Vitality of a Genotype to Water Stress Tolerance in Yield and Yield Contributing Traits

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 999-1003页

作者： Ijaz Rasool Noorka saba Tabasum Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Molecular and Cytogenetics Lab University of Leicester Leicester UK.

Conventional methods of plant breeding and agronomic practices remained a successful tool to maintain the pace of food production for centuries but due to changing climatic conditions and the challenges of 21st century like population growth, pollution, declining biodiversity and food security have shaken the previous policies. This situation compelled the agriculturist towards the judicious management of natural resources to combat the poverty, disasters and increased food demands. The present study was initiated to check wheat varieties in two water provision conditions. The results revealed that environmental stresses played negative role by minimizing the yield and yield contributing traits. However the severity of water stress was depleted by some promising genotypes by showing minimum hazard effects and by having capability to contribute to conserving biodiversity, ensuring sustainability, combating food insecurity and increasing economic benefits. The minimum effect of moisture stress on grain yield was shown by genotypes C-518 (12.97%) while the genotype Shakar, Pari-73 and Uqab-2000 showed maximum decline percentage. The global warming and population explosion will further induce commodity shortage and law and order situation in the world. The prevailing International tension can be cooled down by the provision of marshal aids by the developed countries to the effected or threatened countries.

关键词： Climate Disaster Water Stress Poverty Sustainable Wheat

Unconventional bound states in the continuum from metamaterial-induced electron acoustic waves

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Advanced Photonics 2023年第5期5卷 77-85页

作者： Wenhui Wang Antonio Günzler Bodo D.Wilts Ullrich Steiner Matthias saba University of Fribourg Adolphe Merkle InstituteFribourgSwitzerland University of Salzburg Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsSalzburgAustria

Photonic bound states in the continuum(BICs)are spatially localized modes with infinitely long lifetimes,which exist within a radiation continuum at discrete energy *** states have been explored in various systems,including photonic and phononic crystal slabs,metasurfaces,waveguides,and integrated *** and availability of the BICs are important aspects for fully taming the BICs toward practical ***,we propose a generic mechanism to realize BICs that exist by first principles free of fine parameter tuning based on non-Maxwellian double-net metamaterials(DNMs).An ideal warm hydrodynamic double plasma(HDP)fluid model provides a homogenized description of DNMs and explains the robustness of the BICs found *** the HDP model,these are standing wave formations made of electron acoustic waves(EAWs),which are pure charge oscillations with vanishing electromagnetic *** BICs have various advantages,such as(i)frequency-comb-like collection of BICs free from normal resonances;(ii)robustness to symmetry-breaking perturbations and formation of quasi-BICs with an ultrahigh Q-factor even if subject to disorder;and(iii)giving rise to subwavelength microcavity resonators hosting quasi-BIC modes with an ultrahigh Q-factor.

关键词： bound states in the continuum double-net metamaterial metamaterial electron acoustic wave hydrodynamical plasma

2D Carbon Fiber Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Multi-Layered Laminated Composite Panels:Structural,Mechanical,Thermal,and Morphological Profile

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第10期32卷 1077-1082页

作者： Shahzad Maqsood Khan Nafisa Gull Muhammad Azeem Munawar Atif Islam saba Zia Muhammad Shafiq Aneela Sabir Syed Muhammad Awais Muhammad Arif Butt Muhammad Taqi Zahid Butt Tahir Jamil Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan King Edward Medical University Lahore 54590Pakistan College of Engineering and Emerging Technologies University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan

Carbon fiber reinforced high density polyethylene multi-layered laminated composite panels（HDPE/CF MLCP） with excellent in-plane properties along transverse direction have been formulated. Composite architectures with carbon fiber（CF） designed in 2D layout in conventional composites can alleviate their properties in thickness direction, but all attempts so far developed have achieved restrained success. Here,we have exposed an approach to the high strength composite challenge, without altering the 2D stack design on the basis of concept of fiber reinforced laminated composites that would provide enhanced mechanical and thermal properties along transverse direction. CF sheets allowed the buckling of adjoining plies in 2D MLCP. We fabricated 2D MLCP by stacking the alternative CF and HDPE layers under different loading conditions, which resulted in high strength composites. These plies of CF and HDPE served as unit cells for MLCP, with CF offering much-needed fracture toughness and hardness to these *** 2D HDPE/CF MLCP, we demonstrated noteworthy improvement in physical and chemical interaction between CF and HDPE, in-plane fracture strain, flexural strength（30.684 MPa）, bending modulus（7436.254 MPa）, thermal stability（40.94%）, and surface morphology, upon increasing the CF layers up to twenty, enabling these composites truly for high temperature and high strength applications.

关键词： Multi-layered composite panels Mechanical properties Thermal stability

Prediction of stable Li-Sn compounds:boosting ab initio searches with neural network potentials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1278-1290页

作者： saba Kharabadze Aidan Thorn Ekaterina A.Koulakova Aleksey N.Kolmogorov Department of Physics Applied Physics and AstronomyBinghamton UniversityState University of New YorkPO Box 6000BinghamtonNY13902-6000USA

The Li-Sn binary system has been the focus of extensive research because it features Li-rich alloys with potential applications as battery *** present re-examination of the binary system with a combination of machine learning and ab initio methods has allowed us to screen a vast configuration space and uncover a number of overlooked thermodynamically stable *** ambient pressure,our evolutionary searches identified an additional stable Li3Sn phase with a large BCC-based hR48 structure and a possible high-T LiSn_(4)ground *** building a simple model for the observed and predicted Li-Sn BCC alloys we constructed an even larger viable hR75 structure at an exotic 19:6 *** 20 GPa,low-symmetry 11:2,5:1,and 9:2 phases found with our global searches destabilize previously proposed phases with high Li *** findings showcase the appreciable promise machine-learning interatomic potentials hold for accelerating ab initio prediction of complex materials.

关键词： alloys neural network