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EVOLUTION OF ROUGHNESS ON THE SURFACE OF A STRAINED ELASTIC MATERIAL DUE TO STRESS-DRIVEN SURFACE DIFFUSION

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 1994年第1期10卷 16-26页

作者： L.B.freund Division of Engineering Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA

The free energy of a stressed crystal is assumed to consist of elastic strain energy and surface energy, and the chemical potential for surface diffusion at constant temperature is obtained under this assumption. A gradient in chemical potential results in diffusive mass transport along the surface. The result is applied in considering the phenomena of instability of a flat surface in a stressed material under fluctuations in surface shape, and the transient evolution of surface roughness due to an initial perturbation in the nearly flat free surface of the material, both under plane strain conditions.

关键词： elastic material surface energy diffusion

How a membrane agent buys goods in a membrane store

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第4期17卷 442-448页

作者： Rudolf freund Marion Oswald Thomas Schirk Institute of Computer Languages Vienna University of Technology Favoritenstr. 9 WienAustria

In this paper we consider a specific model of membrane systems, i. e. membrane systems with attributes. In these systems, the information is placed at the membranes in form of attributes, no objects are considered inside the membranes except for other membranes. The membrane system with attributes evolves according to rules that compute new values for the attributes from the attributes assigned to the membranes involved in the rule. The model of membrane systems with attributes allows us to specify business transactions in a precise way and to simulate different models for such transactions with a suitable tool for membrane systems with attributes.

关键词： model membrane systems with attributes.

Fluctuation pressure on a bio-membrane confined within a parabolic potential well

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2012年第4期28卷 1180-1185页

作者： L. B. freund Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

A compliant bio-membrane with a nominally fiat reference configuration is prone to random transverse deflections when placed in water, due primarily to the Brownian motion of the water molecules. On the average, these fluctuations result in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium between the entropic energy of the water and the total free en- ergy of the membrane. When the membrane is in close proximity to a parallel surface, that surface restricts the fluctuations of the membrane which, in turn, results in an increase in its free energy. The amount of that increase depends on the degree of confinement, and the resulting gradient in free energy with degree of confinement implies the existence of a confining pressure. In the present study, we assume that the confinement is in the form of a continuous parabolic po- tential well resisting fluctuation. Analysis leads to a closed form expression for the mean pressure resulting from this confinement, and the results are discussed within the broader context of results in this area. In particular, the results provide insights into the roles of membrane stiffness, number of degrees of freedom in the model of the membrane and other system parameters.

关键词： Statistical mechanics ' Membrane fluctuations Parabolic confinement. Confining pressure

Challenges in the conduct of randomised controlled trials in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第2期19卷 125-129页

作者： Anne freund Steffen Desch Holger Thiele Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology Heart Center Leipzig at the University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK) BerlinDeutschland

Cardiogenic shock(CS)following acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a major challenge in cardiovascular *** remains high with 40%-50%after thirty *** controlled trials(RCTs)play a key role to generate evidence on optimal care in this ***,the number of completed or ongoing RCTs is still relatively low compared to the gaps in *** in the conduct of these trials are in particular the selection of patients and ethical issues in the informed consent *** determining eligibility criteria,special attention should be paid to the severity of CS,to the inclusion of patients with cardiac arrest and to potential age *** age of AMI-CS patients is *** limits are therefore controversial as it is important to include elderly patients in RCTs in order to make the results generalisable and to address the special needs of this *** patients with AMI-CS are in most cases unable to provide informed consent themselves,a step-wise approach with acute consent by a legal representative or independent physicians and later informed consent by the patient if possible might be established depending on regularities of the respective ethical review board and country *** studies should be sought to generate adequate power.

关键词： shock legal consent

Applications of membrane systems in distributed systems

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第4期17卷 401-410页

作者： Aneta Binder Rudolf freund Georg Lojka Marion Oswald Institute of Computer Languages Vienna University of TechnologyFavoritenstr. 9WienAustria

Based on the biological model of cell-to-cell communication proposed by A. Rustom et al. (Science, 2004, 303: 1007-1010), we investigate the possibilities to apply P systems with dynamic channels transporting membrane... 详细信息

关键词： membrane system P system communication process.

An Optimization Framework for Travel Pattern Interpretation of Cellular Data

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2013年第3期2卷 167-182页

作者： sa.it freund Hillel Bar-Gera Department of Industrial Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O.Box 653Beer-Sheva 84105

Collection of travel data by traditional survey methods is costly,thus limiting the amount of data being collected,as well as their frequency and *** technologies offer new types of data collection *** particular,cellular systems generate substantial amounts of data,including records regarding the connection between handsets(phones)and base stations(antenna).These records,collected by cellular service providers for various internal purposes,may provide an excellent source of information regarding travel,with several critical advantages relative to traditional travel surveys:low cost,large sample,long duration,and high response *** data has some limitations too,particularly with respect to accuracy and traveler identity;therefore,such data cannot provide a complete replacement for traditional surveys,but it can complement and enhance *** paper explores methods for identifying travel patterns from cellular data.A primary challenge in this research is to provide an interpretation of the raw data that distinguishes between activity durations and travel durations.A novel framework is proposed for this purpose,based on a grading scheme for candidate interpretations of the raw data.A genetic algorithm is used to find interpretations with high grades,which are considered as the most reasonable *** proposed method is tested on a dataset of records covering 9454 cell-phone users over a period of one *** evaluation of the resulting interpretations is presented.

关键词： antenna travel Cellular

Long-Lasting Stretching Induces Muscle Hypertrophy:A Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第4期5卷 289-301页

作者： Konstantin Warneke Philipp Alexander freund Stephan Schiemann Institute for Exercise Sport and HealthLeuphana UniversityUniversitätsallee 1LüneburgGermany Institute of Psychology Leuphana UniversityLüneburgGermany

Muscular hypertrophy depends on metabolic exhaustion as well as mechanical load on the *** tension seems to be the crucial factor to stimulate protein *** present meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether stretching can generate adequate mechanical tension to induce muscle *** used PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus to search for literature examining the effects of long-term stretching on muscle mass,muscle cross-sectional area,fiber cross-sectional area,and fiber *** there was no sufficient number of studies investigating long-lasting stretching in humans,we only included original animal studies in the current ***,we identified 16 studies meeting the inclusion criteria(*** of at least 15 min per day).The 16 studies yielded 39 data points for muscle mass,11 data points for muscle cross-sectional area,20 data points for fiber cross-sectional area,and 10 data points for fiber *** all designs and categories,statistically significant increases were found for muscle mass(d=8.51;95%CI 7.11-9.91),muscle cross-sectional area(d=7.91;95%CI 5.75-10.08),fiber cross-sectional area(d=5.81;95%CI 4.32-7.31),and fiber number(d=4.62;95%CI 2.54-6.71).The findings show an(almost)continuous positive effect of long-term stretching on the listed parameters,so that it can be assumed that stretch training with adequate intensity and duration leads to hypertrophy and hyperplasia,at least in animal studies.A general transferability to humans-certainly with limited effectiveness-can be hypothesized but requires further research and training studies.

关键词： Muscle mass Static stretching Hyperplasia Chronic stretching

Chapter model systems in heterogeneous catalysis at the atomic level: a personal view

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第4期63卷 426-447页

作者： Hans-Joachim freund Markus Heyde Helmut Kuhlenbeck Niklas Nilius Thomas Risse Thomas Schmidt Shamil Shaikhutdinov Martin Sterrer Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4-6Berlin D-14195Germany Fakultat V-Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften Carl von Ossietzky Universitat OldenburgGermany Institut fur Chemie und Biochemie Freie UniversitatBerlinGermany Institute of Physics University of GrazGrazAustria

The review presents an overview of studies in the surface science of oxide and related surfaces with an emphasis of the studies performed in the authors’ group. Novel instruments and technique developments, as well as their applications are reported, in an attempt to cover studies on model systems of increasing complexity, including some of the key ingredients of an industrially applied heterogeneous catalyst and its fabrication. The review is intended to demonstrate the power of model studies in understanding heterogeneous catalysis at the atomic level. The studies include those on supported nano-particles, both, prepared in vacuum and from solution, interaction of surfaces and the underlying bulk with molecules from the gas phase, strong metal support interaction, as well as the first attempt to include studies on reactions in confined spaces.

关键词： model catalysts oxide surfaces structure and spectroscopy supported nanoparticles reactions in the confined space

Effect of patient COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy on hospital care team perceptions

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第4期11卷 821-829页

作者： Inbar Caspi Ophir freund Omer Pines Odelia Elkana Jacob N Ablin Gil Bornstein Internal Medicine Department B Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6423906Israel Behavioral Sciences Department Academic College of Tel Aviv-YaffoTel Aviv 6818211Israel Internal Medicine Department H Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv 6423906Israel

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic posed new challenges in patient care ***,which have proven efficacious in lowering the COVID-19 hospital burden,are still avoided by large ***,therefore,hypothesized that hospital care teams would have worse perceptions regarding the characteristics and care of patients with vaccine *** To evaluate whether patient vaccine hesitancy affected the hospital care team(HCT)*** We performed a prospective clinical study using structured *** approached physicians and nurses with previous experience caring for COVID-19patients from 11 medical centers across Israel during the fourth COVID-19 surge(September and October 2021).The participants completed a questionnaire with the following parts:(1)Sociodemographic characteristics;(2)Assessment of anger(STAXI instrument)and chronic workplace stress(Shirom-Melamed burnout measure);and(3)Three tools to assess the effect of patient vaccine hesitancy on the HCT perceptions(the difficult doctor-patient relation questionnaire,the medical staff perception of patient’s responsibility questionnaire and the characterological derogation questionnaire).Results were evaluated according to each part of the questionnaire and the questionnaire as a *** between HCT perceptions and their baseline characteristics,anger or chronic workplace stress were *** The HCT experienced their relationship with unvaccinated patients as more difficult(Psatisfying to care for(P<0.001).The relationship with unvaccinated patients was more difficult among HCT with higher burnout(r=0.37,n=66,P=0.002).No correlations with baseline characte

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy Patient care Doctor-patient relationship Attitudes