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Oxidative effects of glyphosate on the lipophobic intracellular environment in the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

BIOCELL 2022年第3期46卷 795-802页

作者： JUAN MANUEL OSTERA susana puntarulo GABRIELA MALANGA Fisicoquímica Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresCP 1113Argentina Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular(IBIMOL) CONICET-Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresCP 1113Argentina

The studied hypothesis is that the herbicide glyphosate(GLY)can affect the oxidative balance in the hydrophobic intracellular medium in non-target Chlorella vulgaris cells.Analytical GLY and RoundUp(RUP)supplementation,affected the growth profile.A significant 42%decrease in the cellular biomass in stationary(St)phase was observed in cultures supplemented with either 5μM of GLY or RUP,as compared to control cultures.The treatment with 0.3μM of GLY generated non-significant effects on the oxidation rate of 2’,7’dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA),neither in exponential(Exp)nor in St phase of development,as compared to control cultures.However,the treatment with either 5μM GLY or 0.3 and 5μM RUP lead to a significant decrease in the DCFH-DA oxidation rate,as compared to control cultures.The lipid radical(LR●)generation rate,detected by Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy(EPR),was significantly increased in the presence of RUP,in Lag and Exp phase of growth.The non-enzymatic antioxidants,α-Tocopherol(α-T)andβ-Carotene(β-C),are aimed to protect membranes against the damage produced by the radical reactions.The content ofβ-C was not significantly affected,as compared to control cultures,by any of the treatments,in both growth phases of cellular development.The content ofα-T was significantly decreased by the supplementation with either 0.3 or 5μM of RUP or 5μM GLY.The LR●/α-T ratio,used as indicator of the oxidative balance in the hydrophobic cellular media,was significantly different between samples obtained from control and RUP-exposed microalgae in both,Exp and St phase of development,with either 0.3 or 5μM RUP.The data presented here showed evidence that suggested that oxidative balance in the hydrophobic environment was affected by either GLY or RUP.

关键词： 2’,7’dichlorofluorescein diacetate oxidation rate Lipid soluble antioxidants Round up Redox balance

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Fe-dependent cellular alterations of oxidative balance in aquatic organisms.Could be ferroptosis involved?

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BIOCELL 2023年第5期47卷 1177-1189页

作者： PAULA MARIELA GONZÁLEZ JOAQUIN CABRERA susana puntarulo Fisicoquímica Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresC1113 AADArgentina Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular(IBIMOL) CONICET-Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresC1113 AADArgentina

The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the central role of iron(Fe)in terms of cellular alterations of the oxidative/protective balance with special emphasis on its possible involvement in ferroptosis-dependent disruption in aquatic organisms.In ferroptotic cells or tissues,the intracellular Fe level increases;meanwhile the treatment with Fe chelators limits ferroptosis.Eukaryotic algae can assimilate Fe from the environment through several mechanisms,and aquatic animals incorporate dissolved Fe and Fe bound to both inorganic particles and organic matter.The central role of lipid peroxidation mediating ferroptosis was demonstrated in some algae where both low and high Fe concentrations could induce oxidative stress and programmed cell death.Aquatic animals have high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and numerous studies have analyzed Fe effects on the lipidic fraction which could be related to ferroptosis.The ferroptosis reaction can be regulated through the antioxidant defense system,in combination with the protein degradation structure,metabolism,and gene transcription.Early depletion of nonenzymatic antioxidants like reduced glutathione(GSH)in animals,and the reduction of both GSH and ascorbate in photosynthetic organisms,are characteristic features of ferroptosis.Therefore,ferroptosis can be prevented if Fe chelators,certain antioxidants,and specifically regulating genes are activated.Thus,the global scenario for the Fe role as a toxic component in biological systems seems to be even more complicated than it was previously understood.Much more research on this subject is needed to improve the life span and survival of aquatic organisms after exposure to natural and anthropogenic adverse conditions.

关键词： Glutathione Labile Fe pool Lipid peroxidation Oxidative stress

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Soybean Ferritin:Isolation,Characterization,and Free Radical Generation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第1期54卷 45-54页

作者： Andrea Galatro Elizabeth Robello susana puntarulo Physical Chemistry-PRALIB School of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of Buenos Aires

The main aim of this work was to assess the multi-task role of ferritin （Ft） in the oxidative metabolism of soybean （Glycine max）. Soybean seeds incubated for 24 h yielded 41 4- 5μg Ft/g fresh weight. The rate of in vitro incorporation of iron （Fe） into Ft was tested by supplementing the reaction medium with physiological Fe chelators. The control rate, observed in the presence of 100μM Fe, was not significantly different from the values observed in the presence of 100 μM Fe-his. However, it was significantly higher in the presence of 100 μM Fe-citrate （approximately 4.5-fold） or of 100 μM Fe-ATP （approximately 14-fold）. Moreover, a substantial decrease in the Trp-dependent fluorescence of the Ft protein was determined during Fe uptake from Fe-citrate, as compared with the control. On the other hand, Ft addition to homogenates from soybean embryonic axes reduced endogenously generated ascorbyl radical, according to its capacity for Fe uptake. The data presented here suggest that Ft could be involved in the generation of free radicals, such as hydroxyl radical, by Fe-catalyzed reactions. Moreover, the scavenging of these radicals by Ft itself could then lead to protein damage. However, Ft could also prevent cellular damage by the uptake of catalytically active Fe.

关键词： ferritin free radical iron soybean.

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Oxidative metabolism of photosynthetic species and the exposure to some freshwater and marine biotoxins

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BIOCELL 2021年第4期45卷 813-821页

作者： susana puntarulo PAULA MARIELA GONZÁLEZ Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaFisicoquímicaBuenos AiresCP 1113Argentina CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires.Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular(IBIMOL) Buenos AiresCP 1113Argentina

Environmental climate conditions could lead to an increasing global occurrence of microorganism blooms that synthesize toxins in the aquatic environments.These blooms could result in significantly toxic events.Responses of photosynthetic organisms to adverse environmental conditions implicate reactive oxygen species generation;but,due to the presence of a varied cellular antioxidant defense system and complex signaling networks,this oxidative stress could act as an important factor in the environmental adaptive processes.The objective of this review was to assess how some biotoxins are implicated in the generation of oxidative and nitrosative metabolic changes,not only in biotoxin-producing organisms but also in non-producing organisms.Therefore,toxins may modify the oxidative cellular balance of several other species.Hence,the effect of toxins on the oxidative and nitrosative conditions will be evaluated in freshwater and marine algae and vascular plants.The changing climate conditions could act as agents capable of modifying the community composition leading to alterations in the global health of the habitat,risking the survival of many species with ecological relevance.

关键词： Blooms Climate change Metabolic stress Photosynthetic organisms Toxins

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Oxidative effects of the harmful algal blooms on primary organisms of the food web

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BIOCELL 2019年第2期43卷 41-50页

作者： JOAQUIN CABRERA PAULA MARIELA GONZALEZ susana puntarulo Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y BioquimicaFisicoquimica.Buenos AiresArgentina CONIONI CETET-Universidad de Buenos Aires.Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular(IBI IBI MOLOL).Buenos Aires Argentina

Degraded water quality from nutrient pollution,physical,biological,and other chemical factors contributes to the development and persistence of many harmful algal blooms(HAB s).The complex dynamics of the HAB s is a challenge to marine ecosystems for the toxic effects reported.The consequences include fish,bird,and mammal mortality,respiratory or digestive tract problems,memory loss,seizures,lesions and skin irritation in many organisms.This review is intended to briefly summarize the recent reported information on harmful marine toxin deleterious effects over the primary organisms of the food web,namely algae,zooplankton and invertebrates.Special focus is made on oxidative stress status of cells and tissues.Even though in situ field research is less controlled than laboratory studies,in which the organisms are directly exposed to the toxins under consideration,both types of approaches are required to fully understand such a complex scenario.On top of that,the contribution of the increasing water temperatures in the sea,as a consequence of the global climate change,will be addressed as a topic for further studies,to evaluate the effect on regulating algal growth,species composition,trophic structure,metabolic stress and function of aquatic ecosystems.

关键词： Harmful algal toxins oxidative stress algae zooplankton invertebrates

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Update on Fe-dependent oxidative metabolism in vivo:An integrative view

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BIOCELL 2016年第1期40卷 39-42页

作者： NATACHA E PILONI ELIZABETH ROBELLO JULIAN G BONETTO susana puntarulo Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular(IBIMOL)-Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA) CONICETFisicoquímicaFacultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaJunín 956(C1113AAD)Buenos Aires.Argentina.

Fe is essential for human life because it constitutes the required cofactor for proteins of diverse biological functions.However,the development of oxidative stress by exposure to excessive Fe,share signaling pathways with other treatments including activation of redox-sensitive factors.This study was focused on the comparison on the effects of Fe in the brain and other organs in vivo.The oxidative effects triggered by Fe overload strongly depend not only on the administration protocol,but also on the Fe-compound used,and the studied organ.In both the liver and the brain,Fe content drastically increased after Fe-dextran administration.However,the comparatively low lipid peroxidation in the brain as compared to the liver,suggested that Fe-dependent oxidative stress might involve mechanisms of different nature.In the brain,acute and subchronic administration of Fe-dextran triggered signaling processes that lead to the prevention of injury by the participation of catalase activity as an antioxidant protection.This brief summary opens a huge range of possible points of risk,as well as opportunities,to encounter situations in which the appropriate election of the Fe management protocol could be able of allow oxidative stress to exert beneficial effects.

关键词： experimental models Fe-overload oxidative stress

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Oxidative stress in the hydrophilic medium of algae and invertebrates

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BIOCELL 2016年第1期40卷 35-38页

作者： GABRIELA MALANGA PAULA MARIELA GONZALEZ JUAN MANUEL OSTERA susana puntarulo Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular(IBIMOL)-Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA) CONICETFisicoquímicaFacultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaJunín 956(C1113AAD)Buenos Aires.Argentina.

The harmful effects of the reactive species may be due to the increase in their steady state concentration either by the enhancement of their production rates and/or the decrease of their consumption rate by antioxidant activity.The ascorbyl radical(A^(·))can be considered as a final product of radical oxidative transformations of ascorbate(AH^(-)).The ratio A^(·)content/AH^(-)content(A^(·)/AH^(-))has been widely used as an interesting tool to estimate mild to moderate oxidative transformations,providing a quick and simple method of diagnosis of stress in the hydrophilic cellular medium.The aim of this work was to summarize studies on the cellular oxidative condition in algae and invertebrates by assessing the A^(·)/AH^(-)ratio under environmentally changing conditions.The use of indices of oxidative stress increasingly sensitive and,somewhat more specific,can bring a new light to the still unknown world of oxidative responses in marine organisms.

关键词： algae ascorbyl/ascorbate ratio invertebrates oxidative stress

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