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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 18-21页

作者： John L.Provis susan A.Bernal Zuhua Zhang Department of Materials science and Engineering University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK Paul scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232Switzerland school of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK school of Materials sciences and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

*** and context Enormous emphasis is currently being paid to the decarbonization of the global built environment as a leading priority for the engineering community and related industrial sectors[1].One of the main contributors to the overall emissions footprint of the built environment-and thus a cornerstone of efforts to achieve decarbonization-is the emissions profile of construction materials during their production and *** cement and concrete sector is the largest-volume contributor to the emissions incurred in meeting the world’s construction material needs and is therefore targeted in the discussion of the deep,rapid decarbonization that must be achieved in order to minimize irreversible damage to the Earth and its ecosystems.

关键词： Alkali corners irreversible

Ferroptosis mediators vary in metabolic syndrome,type-2 diabetes,and hypercholesterolemia:A meta-analysis report

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 109-112页

作者： Indra Kundu Ashlesha Pande Tannishtha Das susan Idicula-Thomas Biomedical Informatics Centre Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child HealthMumbaiMaharashtra 400012India Department of Biotechnology St.Xavier's CollegeKolkataWest Bengal 700016India

Metabolic syndrome(Mets)is a complex disorder characterized by the coexistence of phenotypes such as obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia,high triglyceride level,and low level of high-density lipoprotein *** majorly dri... 详细信息

关键词： obesity cholesterol diabetes

XBP1 splicing contributes to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced human islet amyloid polypeptide up-regulation

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 350-359页

作者： Yun Zhang susan Lin Jing Yao Wantong Cai huaqiu Chen Ailikemu Aierken Zhe Wang Weihong song National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Townsend Family Laboratories Department of PsychiatryThe University of British Columbia2255 Wesbrook MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z3Canada Institute of Aging Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mental Health and the Affiliated Kangning HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325000China Oujiang Laboratory(Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health)WenzhouZhejiang 325001China

As a pathological hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),islet amyloid is formed by the aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide(IAPP).Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress interacts with IAPP aggregates and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of *** examine the role of ER stress in T2DM,we cloned the hIAPP promoter and analyzed its promoter activity in human *** found that ER stress significantly enhanced hIAPP promoter activity and expression in human b-cells via triggering X-box binding protein 1(XBP1)*** identified a binding site of XBP1 in the hIAPP *** of this binding site by substitution or deletion mutagenesis significantly diminished the effects of ER stress on hIAPP promoter *** of XBP splicing by MKC3946 treatment inhibited ER stress-induced hIAPP up-regulation and improved human b-cell survival and *** study uncovers a link between ER stress and IAPP at the transcriptional level and may provide novel insights into the role of ER stress in IAPP cytotoxicity and the pathogenesis of T2DM.

关键词： b-cell function Endoplasmic reticulum stress Islet amyloid polypeptide Type 2 diabetes mellitus XBP1

healthcare Worker-Related Factors Contributing to Tuberculosis Treatment Non-Adherence among Patients in Kisumu East sub-County

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第1期12卷 13-33页

作者： Marlyn Ochieng Jackline Nyaberi susan Mambo Charles Wafula Department of Environmental health and Disease Control School of Public Health Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) Strengthening Capacity for Epidemics Preparedness and Response in Sub-Saharan Africa (SCEPRESSA) Nairobi Kenya Great Lakes University of Kisumu (GLUK) Kisumu Kenya

Background: Treatment non-adherence poses significant risks to health outcomes and impedes the health system’s efficiency, hence curtailing progress towards the end Tuberculosis (TB) strategy under sDG 3.3. Despite interventions to address TB treatment non-adherence, Kenya still reports high TB treatment non-adherence rates of 35% and consequently poor treatment outcome rates. health Care Workers (hCWs) play a critical role in linking the population to health services, yet little is known of their influence on patients’ TB treatment non-adherence in Kenya. Objective: To analyze hCW-related factors associated with TB treatment non-adherence among patients in Kisumu East sub-County. Methods: health facility-based analytical cross-sectional mixed-method study. A semi-structured questionnaire on treatment adherence and patients’ perceptions of hCWs during the clinic visit was administered to 102 consenting adult (out of a total census of 107 adults) drug-susceptible TB patients. 12 purposively selected hCWs by rank from 6 health facilities participated in Key Informant Interview sessions. Medication adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence scale and then expressed as a dichotomous variable. Quantitative analysis utilized sTATA version 15.1 while qualitative deductive thematic analysis was done using NVIVO version 14. Results: TB treatment non-adherence rate of 26% (CI: 18% - 36%) was recorded. Overall, patients who felt supported in dealing with the illness were 8 times more likely to adhere to treatment compared to those who were not (aOR = 7.947, 95% CI: 2.214 - 28.527, p = 0.001). Key hCW related factors influencing adherence to treatment included: friendliness (cOR = 4.31, 95% CI: 1.514 - 12.284, p = 0.006), respect (cOR = 6.679, 95% CI: 2.239 - 19.923, p = 0.001) and non-discriminatory service (cOR = 0.1478, 95% CI: 0.047 - 0.464, p = 0.001), communication [adequacy of consultation time (cOR = 6.563, 95% CI: 2.467 - 17.458, p = 0.001) and patie

关键词： Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence human Resources for health

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数字服务税收属性及中国税制构造进路

学习与实践 2024年第3期 113-124,F0002页

作者：李蕊王苏姗中国政法大学民商经济法学院北京100088 中国政法大学地方财政金融和农村法治研究中心北京100088

对数字服务税收属于直接税抑或间接税的属性判定,不仅关涉数字服务的产业发展及税基分配,也将深刻影响数字经济时代税制改革的方向与进路。部分国家着眼于间接税的制度厘定,采行开征数字服务税之类的单边“临时性”措施,会对数字消费产... 详细信息

对数字服务税收属于直接税抑或间接税的属性判定,不仅关涉数字服务的产业发展及税基分配,也将深刻影响数字经济时代税制改革的方向与进路。部分国家着眼于间接税的制度厘定,采行开征数字服务税之类的单边“临时性”措施,会对数字消费产生抑制效应。基于对数字服务税收的直接税属性的判定,在既有所得税领域的税收协定框架下,联合国及经济合作与发展组织分别进行了税制改革方案设计。着眼于对数字服务征收直接税的路径选择,中国亟需实施双阶税制构造,将扩大预提税征税范围作为过渡措施,并作好重新配置税收管辖权的长期税制改革谋划。

关键词：数字服务税收直接税间接税

Association of age at diagnosis of diabetes with subsequent risk of age-related ocular diseases and vision acuity

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 697-711页

作者： si-Ting Ye Xian-Wen shang Yu huang susan Zhu Zhuo-Ting Zhu Xue-Li Zhang Wei Wang shu-Lin Tang Zong-Yuan Ge Xiao-hong Yang Ming-Guang he The second Clinical College Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ultrasound The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyGuangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina Austin hospital University of MelbourneMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia state Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina Monash e-Research Center Faculty of EngineeringAirdoc ResearchNvidia AI Technology Research CenterMonash UniversityMelbourne 3080VictoriaAustralia Department of Ophthalmic Epidemiology Centre for Eye Research AustraliaMelbourne 3002VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND The importance of age on the development of ocular conditions has been reported by numerous *** may have different associations with different stages of ocular conditions,and the duration of diabetes may affect the development of diabetic eye *** there is a dose-response relationship between the age at diagnosis of diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality,whether the age at diagnosis of diabetes is associated with incident ocular conditions remains to be *** is unclear which types of diabetes are more predictive of ocular *** To examine associations between the age of diabetes diagnosis and the incidence of cataract,glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration(AMD),and vision *** Our analysis was using the UK *** cohort included 8709 diabetic participants and 17418 controls for ocular condition analysis,and 6689 diabetic participants and 13378 controls for vision *** diseases were identified using inpatient records until January *** acuity was assessed using a *** During a median follow-up of 11.0 years,3874,665,and 616 new cases of cataract,glaucoma,and AMD,respectively,were identified.A stronger association between diabetes and incident ocular conditions was observed where diabetes was diagnosed at a younger *** with type 2 diabetes(T2D)diagnosed ats[hR(95%CI):2.71(1.49-4.93)],45-49 years[2.57(1.17-5.65)],50-54 years[1.85(1.13-3.04)],or 50-59 years of age[1.53(1.00-2.34)]had a higher risk of AMD independent of glycated haemoglobin.T2D diagnoseds[hR(95%CI):2.18(1.71-2.79)],45-49 years[1.54(1.19-2.01)],50-54 years[1.60(1.31-1.96)],or 55-59 years of age[1.21(1.02-1.43)]was associated with an increased cataract risk.T2D diagnoseds of age only was associated with an increased risk of glaucoma[hR(95%CI):1.76(1.00-3.12)].hRs(95%CIs)for AMD,cataract,and glaucoma associated with type 1 diabetes(T1D)were 4.12(1.99-8.53),

关键词： Diabetes Age at diagnosis Cataract Glaucoma Age-related macular disease Vision acuity

Early anticoagulation in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation is associated with fewer ischaemic lesions at 1 month: the ATTUNE study

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stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 30-37,I0034页

作者： Angelos sharobeam Longting Lin Christina Lam Carlos Garcia-Esperon Yash Gawarikar Ronak Patel Matthew Lee-Archer Andrew Wong Michael Roizman Amanda Gilligan Andrew Lee Kee Meng Tan susan Day Christopher Levi stephen M Davis Mark Parsons Bernard Yan Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne hospital ParkvilleVictoriaAustralia University of New south Wales south Western sydney Clinical school LiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology Calvary Public HospitalCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of Neurology Northern Hospital EppingEppingVictoriaAustralia Department of Neurology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland school of Medicine HerstonQueenslandAustralia Neurosciences Clinical Institute Epworth HealthcareRichmondVirginiaAustralia Department of Neurology Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia Flinders University College of Medicine and Public health AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Department of Neurology Gold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia The University of sydney Northern Clinical school St LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Liverpool HospitalLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia

Background The optimal time to commence anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack(TIA)is unclear,with guidelines differing in recommendations.A limitation of previous studies is the focus on clinically overt stroke,rather than radiologically obvious diffusion-weighted imaging ischaemic *** aimed to quantify silent ischaemic lesions and haemorrhages on MRI at 1month in patients commenced on early(s)vs late(≥4days)*** hypothesised that there would be fewer ischaemic lesions and more haemorrhages in the early anticoagulant group at 1-month *** A prospective multicentre,observational cohort study was performed at 11 Australian stroke *** and MRI data were collected at baseline and follow-up,with blinded imaging assessment performed by two *** of commencement of anticoagulation was at the discretion of the treating stroke *** We recruited 276 patients of whom 208 met the eligibility *** average age was 74.2 years(sD±10.63),and 79(38%)patients were *** National Institute of health stroke scale score was 5(IQR 1–12).Median baseline ischaemic lesion volume was 5mL(IQR 2–17).There were a greater number of new ischaemic lesions on follow-up MRI in patients commenced on anticoagulation≥4days after index event(17%vs 8%,p=0.04),but no difference in haemorrhage rates(22%vs 32%,p=0.10).Baseline ischaemic lesion volume of≤5mL was less likely to have a new haemorrhage at 1month(p=0.02).There was no difference in haemorrhage rates in patients with an initial ischaemic lesion volume of>5mL,regardless of anticoagulation *** Commencing anticoagulations after stroke or TIA is associated with fewer ischaemic lesions at 1month in AF *** is no increased rate of haemorrhage with early *** results suggest that early anticoagulation after mild-to-moderate acute ischaemic stroke associated w

关键词： patients lesions ischaemic

A comprehensive review of genetic causes of obesity

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 26-39页

作者： Marcio Jose Concepcion-Zavaleta Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Maria del Carmen Durand-Vasquez Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio Juan del Carmen Valencia de la Cruz Claudia Mercedes Barrueto-Callirgos susan Luciana Puelles-Leon Elena de Jesus Alvarado-Leon Frans Leiva-Cabrera Francisca Elena Zavaleta-Gutierrez luis Alberto Concepcion-Urteaga Jose Paz-Ibarra Universidad Cientifica del sur Bolivar 2150 AvenuePueblo Libre15084LimaPeru Division of Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Family Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Endocrinology Hospital Victor Lazarte EchegarayTrujilloPeru Division of Pediatrics Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Internal Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Genetics Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Neonatology Hospital Belen de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Department of Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru

Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide *** causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme *** sources This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase and sciELO databases and included 161 *** search used the following search terms:"obesity","obesity and genetics","leptin","Prader-Willi syndrome",and"melanocortins".The types of studies included were systematic reviews,clinical trials,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectional and prospective studies,narrative reviews,and case *** The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body ***,several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain *** causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years,hyperphagia,or a family history of extreme obesity.A microarray study,an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this *** are three therapeutic levels:lifestyle modifications,pharmacological treatment,and bariatric *** Genetic study technologies are in constant development;however,we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity.A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes;however,there are still barriers to its approach,as it continues to be underdiagnosed.

关键词： Leptin Melanocortin Obesity Prader-Willi syndrome Precision medicine

交叉学科研究的机遇与陷阱——张丹与苏珊·罗伯森的对话

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华东师范大学学报（教育科学版） 2024年第7期42卷 114-126页

作者：张丹 [英]苏珊·罗伯森华东师范大学国际与比较教育研究所上海200062 剑桥大学教育学院英格兰剑桥CB28PQ

新时期国家大力提倡学科交叉,加快“双一流”建设目标,着重打破传统学科间壁垒,探索跨院系、跨学科、跨专业交叉培养拔尖创新人才,加快学科协同交叉融合,这对提出并解决交叉学科难题具有重要意义。然而,真正的多学科、交叉学科及跨学科... 详细信息

新时期国家大力提倡学科交叉,加快“双一流”建设目标,着重打破传统学科间壁垒,探索跨院系、跨学科、跨专业交叉培养拔尖创新人才,加快学科协同交叉融合,这对提出并解决交叉学科难题具有重要意义。然而,真正的多学科、交叉学科及跨学科方法并不可能通过制度性的强制要求而孵化产生,且在现有实践中很难实现真正的交叉学科。那么,交叉学科研究是否必要?如何促进交叉学科发展,存在哪些机遇与挑战,在学科交叉发展中又存在哪些制度性发展陷阱?针对以上问题,华东师范大学国际与比较教育研究所张丹副教授与剑桥大学教育学院苏珊·罗伯森教授,以对话的方式共同探讨交叉学科研究发展的机遇与陷阱。

关键词：交叉学科知识生产学科发展