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Volatilization of heavy metals during incineration of municipal solid wastes

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第4期16卷 635-639页

作者： sunlu-shi S.Abanades J.D.Lu G.Flamant D.Gauthier StateKeylaboratoryofCoalCombustion HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyWuhan430074China InstitutdeScienceetdeG6niedesMat6riauxetProc6d6s（CNRS-IMP） BP50deillo66125Font-RomeuCedexFrance

Incineration experiments with MSW, which had been impregnated with heavy metals, were presented to obtain information on the volatilization behavior of the elements cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), and zinc(Zn) under different conditions. Experiments were carried out in a bubbling fluid bed system connected to a customized inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES) for analyzing metals in the flue gas. The results indicated that the combustion temperature, the gas atmosphere, and the chlorine content in the flue gas could affect the volatilization behavior of heavy metals. In the fluidized bed combustion, a large surface area was provided by the bed sand particles, and they may act as absorbents for the gaseous ash-forming compound. Comparer with the metals Cd and Pb, the vaporization of Zn was low. The formation of stable compounds such as ZnO·Al 2O 3 could greatly decrease the metals volatilization. The presence of chlorine would enhance the volatilization of heavy metals by increasing the formation of metal chlorides. However, when the oxygen content was high, the chlorinating reaction was kinetically hindered, which heavy metals release would be delayed.

关键词： municipal solid waste incineration heavy metal emission fluidized bed

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TSC1 enables plastid development under dark conditions, contributing to rice adaptation to transplantation shock

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第2期60卷 112-129页

作者： Xiaoliang shi sunlu Chen Yu Peng Yufeng Wang Jiugeng Chen Zhanghua Hu Baohe Wang Aihong Li Daiyin Chao Yuhong Li Sheng Teng Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Science National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Virology and Biotechnology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Rice Breeding Center Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province

Since its domestication from wild rice thousands of years ago, rice has been cultivated largely through transplantation. During transplantation from the nursery to the paddy field, rice seedlings experience transplantation shock which affects their physiology and ***, the mechanisms underlying transplantation shock and rice adaptation to this shock are largely unknown. Here,we isolated a transplant-sensitive chloroplast-deficient（tsc_1）rice mutant that produces albino leaves after *** light from reaching the juvenile leaves and leaf primordia caused chloroplast deficiencies in transplanted tsc_1 seedlings. TSC_1 encodes a noncanonical adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette（ABC） transporter homologous to At NAP_（14） and is of cyanobacterial origin. We demonstrate that TSC_1 controls plastid development in rice under dark conditions, and functions independently of light ***, light rescued the tsc_1 mutant phenotype in a spectrum-independent manner. TSC_1 was upregulated following transplantation, and modulated the iron and copper levels, thereby regulating prolamellar body formation during the early P_4 stage of leaf development. Therefore, TSC_1 is indispensable for plastid development in the absence of light,and contributes to adaptation to transplantation *** study provides insight into the regulation of plastid development and establishes a framework for improving recovery from transplantation shock in rice.

关键词： TSC1 enables plastid development under dark conditions Figure contributing to rice adaptation to transplantation shock

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